L’influence de la dimension spirituelle comme dynamique thérapeutique complémentaire dans les pratiques de méditation et dans le champ de la santé mentale

ObjectivesThe purpose of this article is to reinstate the framework of the notion of spirituality in the therapeutic field and to underline the potential link between meditation and spirituality, in order to question the potential hindrance to therapeutic effects caused the dissociation of meditation and spirituality. We explore the possible spiritual dimensions of meditation, and, lastly, discuss whether a spiritual dimension is relevant to meditative practice.MethodWe carried out a literature review, selecting the main research dealing with the link between spirituality and meditation.ResultsIt appears that the spiritual dimension has not been taken into account in the therapeutic applications of mindfulness meditation; it would be beneficial for spirituality to be integrated into the meditative process as a complementary tool for the adaptation and the stimulation of practice.DiscussionThe question of the link between spirituality and meditation questions the fact of meditation's having been cut off from its cultural substratum. We suggest that it would be appropriate in certain cases to reactivate this tradition, as well as the role of the psychotherapist in this dynamic.ConclusionThe dimension of spirituality could be a fecund tool in therapeutic accompaniment; integrating spirituality into therapeutic meditation could have positive impacts in terms of patients’ well being and mental health.     

Exploration of mental health of health students: Dental and medical formations promote anhedonia

Objectives

Health students usually report to experience stress during their formation. This is due to their exposure to patient's disease or death, to their learning of interpersonal relationships, and to the discovery of health practitioner's responsibility. Anhedonia represents a deficit in experiencing pleasure that is promoted by stressful living conditions. We hypothesized that health formations promote anhedonia. Our objectives have consisted in measuring anhedonia and analyzing its variation and heterogeneity among health students.

Self-reported mental health symptoms,quality of life and coping strategies in French health sciences students during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey

IntroductionHealth sciences students usually report high rates of mental health problems. The COVID-19 pandemic context may have serious psychological impacts in this at-risk population. We aimed to assess the self-reported mental health status, health-related quality of life and coping strategies of health sciences students during the early stage of the pandemic.MethodAn online 128-item questionnaire sent to 17,673 health sciences students from the Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 in April 2020 assessed: a) sociodemographic characteristics, b) conditions of lockdown, c) depressive (Beck Depression Inventory- Short Form, BDI-SF), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-A, STAI-A) and traumatic symptoms (Impact of Event Scale -Revised, IES-R), d) health-related quality of life (SF12) and e) coping strategies (Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced, Brief COPE).ResultsThe participation rate was 9.9% (n = 1,765). A total of 19.5% of participants reported an IES-R > 33, 11.6% depressive symptoms, 58.1% anxiety symptoms, and 4.4% suicidal ideation. Their mental health-related quality of life was significantly poorer than for physical health. Female gender, COVID-like symptoms, social isolation due to the lockdown, pandemic-related financial restraint and exams-related stress were significantly associated with poorer self-reported mental health conditions. Volunteering in the healthcare system was significantly associated with lower mental health scores. Coping strategies were mostly oriented toward avoidance and positive appraisal.ConclusionFrench health sciences students exhibited high levels of self-reported mental health problems and a poor mental health-related quality of life during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specific risk factors related to the pandemic partly explain the observed prevalence.     

Positive and negative correlates of suicidal ideations and behaviors in the emergency department of a university hospital in Beirut: A cross-sectional comparative study

This study aims to identify the prevalence and correlates of current suicidal ideations and past suicidal behaviors among psychiatric emergencies. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted using the Ask Suicide Screening Questions (ASQ) as a screening tool that targeted all patients presenting for a psychiatric emergency in a university hospital in Beirut during a four-month period. One hundred and three patients of all age groups have been divided into a group of patients with a positive suicidal screening (n = 67, 65%), and another one with a negative suicidal screening (n = 36, 35%). Suffering from a personality disorder was found to be a positive correlate of suicide screening (OR: 21.6, 95% CI: 2.6–179.0). Female gender (OR: 4.5, 95% CI: 1.6–13.2) and an elevated number of previous hospitalizations were found to be positive correlates of past suicidal attempts. These correlates should be assessed in the emergency room department (ER) to prevent any subsequent suicidal behavior.     

The determinants of informal caregivers' burden in the care of frail older persons: a dynamic and role-related perspective

Research into informal caregivers’ burden does not distinguish between different stages of impairment. This study explored the determinants of burden from an in-depth perspective in order to identify which determinants apply to which phases of impairment.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including frail older persons aged 65 and above. Instruments used were the interRAI Home Care, the Zarit-12 interview and an ad hoc economic questionnaire. A combination of variables from the Stress Process Model and Role Theory and a sub-group analysis enabled refined multivariate logistic analyses.

Results: The study population consisted of 4175 older persons (average age: 81.4 ± 6.8, 67.8% female) and their informal caregivers. About 57% of them perceived burden. Depressive symptoms, behavioral problems, IADL impairment, previous admissions to nursing homes and risk of falls yielded significant odds ratios in relation to informal caregivers’ burden for the whole sample. These determinants were taken from the Stress Process Model. When the population was stratified according to impairment, some factors were only significant for the population with severe impairment (behavioral problems OR:2.50; previous admissions to nursing homes OR:2.02) and not for the population with mild or moderate impairment. The informal caregiver being an adult child, which is a determinant from Role Theory, and cohabitation showed significant associations with burden in all strata.

Conclusion: Determinants of informal caregivers’ burden varied according to stages of impairment. The results of this study can help professional caregivers gain a greater insight into which informal caregivers are most susceptible to perceive burden.

Abbreviations: NIHDI: National Institute for Health and Disability Insurance; ZBI12: Zarit Burden Interview - 12 items; InterRAI HC: interRAI Home Care instrument; ADL: Activities of Daily Living; ADLH: interRAI Activities of Daily Living Hierarchy scale; IADL: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; IADLP: InterRAI Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Performance scale; CPS2: InterRAI Cognitive Performance scale 2; DRS: InterRAI Depression Rating scale