Cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between alcohol consumption and lipids, blood pressure and body weight indices

OBJECTIVE: Serum lipids, blood pressure and body mass may mediate the U-shaped relationship of alcohol consumption with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. This study examines the cross-sectional and long-term longitudinal relationships of (changes in) alcohol consumption with (changes in) serum lipids, blood pressure and body mass indices. METHOD: In this prospective, observational cohort study, two measurements of alcohol consumption, serum total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, body weight, the thickness of four skinfolds and waist circumference were performed 4 years apart in healthy volunteers (143 men and 174 women, 32 years old at the first measurement). Alcohol consumption from beer, wine and distilled spirits was assessed using an extensive dietary history interview. Linear regression analyses were performed to study the cross-sectional relationships between the amount of alcohol consumed at the age of 32 years and the levels of the lipids, blood pressure and body weight indices, and to study the longitudinal relationships between the changes in the amount of alcohol consumed over the 4 years of follow-up and the concurrent changes in the lipids, blood pressure and body weight indices. Nonlinearity was investigated for the cross-sectional relationships. RESULTS: A 10-g/day difference in alcohol consumption was positively related with a 0.05 mmol/L (1.9 mg/dl) difference in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in both cross-sectional (p = .004), and longitudinal (p < .0001) analyses. This relationship did not differ for men and women or for the consumption of beer, wine or distilled spirits. Relationships with changes in total cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure, body weight and the sum of four skinfolds were not significant. A borderline significant inverse longitudinal relationship was found with waist circumference. The other lifestyle behaviors (tobacco smoking, physical activity and dietary habits) were major confounders of most cross-sectional relationships between alcohol and serum lipids, blood pressure and body mass indices. The longitudinal relationships, however, were not confounded by changes in the other lifestyle behaviors. A significant nonlinear relationship was found for systolic blood pressure, in which drinkers of about 30 g/day had the lowest values. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate alcohol consumption and moderate long-term changes in alcohol consumption are positively related with the levels and changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in healthy adult men and women. A moderate inverse association between alcohol and waist circumference may be expected. No relationships were found with triglycerides, blood pressure, body weight and the sum of the thickness of four skinfolds. Other lifestyle behaviors confound the cross-sectional, but not the longitudinal, relationships between alcohol consumption and serum lipids, blood pressure and body mass indices. Gender and type of beverage do not modify the relationships between alcohol consumption and these indices.     

Correlation between short-term heart rate variability indices and heart rate, blood pressure indices, pressor reactivity to isometric handgrip in healthy young male subjects

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether readily measured blood pressure (BP) indices and, responses to autonomic reflex tests could be used as surrogates of short-term heart rate variability (HRV), which is an established marker of autonomic regulation of SA node. Therefore, we examined the correlation between short-term HRV and heart rate (HR), BP indices viz. systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, pulse pressure (PP), and rate-pressure product (RPP), during supine rest and head-up tilt in 17 young healthy normotensive subjects, aged 19.8 +/- 1 yr (mean +/- SD). Three classic autonomic indices viz. Valsalva ratio, HR response to deep breathing and pressor response to isometric handgrip were also determined. We noted two interesting and statistically significant (P < 0.05 in both cases) correlations viz. i) a positive correlation (r = 0.6) between change in RPP during tilt and change in low frequency (LF) RR spectral power expressed in normalized units (LF nu) during tilt, and ii) a negative correlation (r = -0.6) between change in PP during isometric handgrip and LF nu during tilt. The possible physiologic significance of these and other correlations is discussed in this paper. In conclusion, the presence of a statistically significant correlation between RPP, PP and spectral measures of short-term HRV supports a simplistic approach to autonomic assessment, in that, easily measurable BP indices could be used as surrogates of HRV when it is not feasible to determine HRV indices directly. However, the same have to be tested in healthy subjects belonging to various age groups and in patients with conditions known to be associated with autonomic dysregulation.     

汕头地区干部人群体重指数与血压血脂尿酸血糖水平关系的调查分析

目的调查分析汕头地区干部体检人群的体重指数(BMI)的分布情况及其与血压、血脂、尿酸和空腹血糖水平的关系。方法对2003年我院预防保健科处厅级干部健康体检资料完整的1124例进行分析，按BMI分为肥胖组和非肥胖组，比较两组之间血压、血脂、尿酸和血糖水平情况，比较BMI和血压、血脂、尿酸、血糖水平的相关关系。结果BMI与血压、血脂、尿酸、血糖之间存在正相关关系(P＜0．01)。肥胖组的血压、血脂、尿酸、血糖的水平高于非肥胖组。结论肥胖影响血压、血脂、尿酸和血糖，与心血管疾病危险因素密切相关．控制体重对预防心脑血管疾病有重要意义．     

体重指数对血压、血糖、血脂及尿酸的影响

目的探讨体重指数（BMI）对血压、血糖、血脂及尿酸的影响。方法对2011年医院体检中心3404名健康体检人群的BMI、血压、血糖、血脂、尿酸等结果进行统计分析。结果超重检出率为33．84％,肥胖检出率为15．54％;随BMI的升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平减低,收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、尿酸、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平逐渐升高,高血压、高血糖、高血脂、高尿酸检出率亦增高。结论健康体检人群超重、肥胖率较高,超重、肥胖与高血压、高血糖、高血脂、高尿酸关系密切,需早期采取有效措施控制超重和肥胖倾向。     

孕前体质量指数及孕期体质量增加与妊娠期糖尿病的相关性分析

目的 分析孕前体质量指数、孕期体质量增加与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的关系.方法 对345例足月初产孕妇孕前体质量指数、孕期体质量增加值与GDM的发病情况的临床资料进行分析.结果 低体质量组、理想体质量组、超体质量组的GDM发生率分别为2.78％、2.96％、16.04％,孕前超体质量组GDM发生率明显高于理想体质量组和低体质量组(x2=4.269、17.299,均P＜0.05);孕妇不同孕期体质量增加(A组＜11.0 kg、B组11.0～17.9 kg、C组18.0～24.9 kg、D组≥25.0 kg)幅度,其孕妇GDM发生率分别为0、1.75％、6.60％、11.02％,孕期体质量增加A、B、C、D组GDM发生率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 测定孕妇孕前体质量指数、孕期体质量增加值对于预测GDM的发生率具有一定临床意义.     

年龄 性别 体重指数 饮食结构与血脂的关系

目的了解年龄、性别、体重指数、饮食结构与血脂的关系。方法用随机抽样方法,抽取开封市20岁以上居民2734人,进行问卷调查并检测血脂水平。结果血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLc)随年龄而增高,但男女之间增高幅度并不平行;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLc)随年龄变化不明显。血清TC、TG、LDLc随体重指数(BMI)增长而升高,HDLc随BMI增长而下降;血脂水平的变化与饮食结构的改变有关。结论摄取平衡饮食,建立良好的生活和饮食习惯,坚持体育锻炼,以降低高脂血症的发生率,预防心脑血管疾病的发生。     

支气管哮喘与体重指数的相关研究

目的：探讨成人支气管哮喘及其严重程度与体重指数（BMI）相关性。方法：选择我院门诊2007年12月-2009年1月确诊为支气管哮喘患者83例,依据严重程度进行分级,并与对照组比较,分析其与BMI的关系。结果：支气管哮喘组BMI明显高于对照组,且在支气管哮喘轻、中、重度持续组中,BMI分别为（23．24±4．25）kg／m^2、（25．25±3．25）kg／m^2和（27．52±4．74）kg／m^2,3组比较差异有统计学意义。结论：支气管哮喘及其严重程度与BMI存在相关性。     

孕期体质量增长与新生儿出生体质量的相关性研究

目的：分析孕期体质量的增加与新生儿出生体质量、分娩方式及并发症的关系。方法选取2013年6月-2014年10月医院足月单胎妊娠孕妇（37@41周）730例。根据孕期体质量增加程度分为低体质量组（A 组）210例、正常体质量组（B 组）302例和超体质量组（C 组）218例。收集孕妇临床资料,包括姓名、年龄、孕前身高、体质量、月经史、孕产史等,并对3组资料进行比较。结果新生儿体质量与孕妇孕前体质量指数、孕期体质量增加呈正相关（r =0.352、0.315,P ﹤0.05）。3组各指标间比较差异均有统计学意义（P ﹤0.05）。结论孕期体质量增加和新生儿出生体质量有关,根据个体差异不同应合理进行营养补充,减少剖宫产率和巨大儿出生率。     

绝经后女性握力和体重指数与骨密度的相关研究

目的 探讨绝经后女性握力和体重指数与骨密度之间的相关性.方法 收集2012年3月至2013年3月在天津市红桥医院检查治疗973名女性志愿者,所有志愿者均接受足跟部骨密度测量（T指数）、握力测试和体重指数测量并进行相关性分析.结果 在单变量分析中,握力和体重指数与T指数相关（Pearson相关系数分别为0.201、0.115,P=0.001、0.009）,年龄与T指数呈负相关（Pearson相关系数为-0.358,P=0.001）.骨质疏松发病率18.7％（182/973）.有骨质疏松和无骨质疏松绝经年龄、握力比较[绝经年龄（48±6）岁比（49±5）岁,P=0.020;握力（23±6）kg比（24±6） kg,P=0.001].结论 体重指数和握力二者均与骨密度密切相关,二者可作为预示骨疾病的关键因子.     

维持性血液透析患者体质量指数与动脉粥样硬化、血压的相关性分析

目的 探讨维持性血透(MHD)患者体质量指数(BMI)与动脉硬化、血压(BP)的关系,进一步阐明MHD患者心血管疾病的发病机制.方法 对101例MHD患者的血压(BP)、内膜-中层厚度(IMT)和BMI进行相关性分析.结果 8％的患者透析后收缩压超过150 mm Hg,21％的患者舒张压超过90 mm Hg,与一般人群相反,BP和BMI之间存在负相关(r=-0.13,P＜0.01).体质量不足(BMI ＜20)患者中的高血压患者超过了正常体质量(BMI 20.0 -27.5)和超重患者(BMI ＞27.5),分别为35％ 、29％和20％.单因素回归分析示BP与BMI(r=-0.12,P＜0.01)呈负相关,IMT与BMI呈正相关(r=0.411,P＜0.05).结论 在持续性血透患者中营养不良与动脉粥样硬化和高血压的发生和发展有显著的相关性,BMI下降是心血管疾病发病率和病死率增加的独立危险因素.     

A retrospective analysis of the short-term effects of olanzapine and quetiapine on weight and body mass index in children and adolescents

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in short-term weight and body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents receiving olanzapine or quetiapine. DESIGN: Retrospective study Setting. Austin State Hospital, Austin, Texas. PATIENTS: One hundred three patients younger than 18 years who were admitted to the hospital and treated with olanzapine (50 patients) or quetiapine (53) for at least 2 weeks between October 1, 1997, and October 31, 2001. INTERVENTION: Treatment with at least 2 weeks of olanzapine or quetiapine. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mean+/-SD daily doses of olandzapine and quetiapine were 13.9+/-7.3 and 510.9+/-250.3 mg, respectively Weight and height were measured at baseline and 14 or more days after baseline. Body mass index (in kg/m2) was calculated using serial measurements of weight and height, and change in BMI was determined. The olanzapine group gained an average of 3.8 kg, the quetiapine group 0.03 kg. In the olanzapine group, BMI increased by an average of 1.3 kg/m2; in the quetiapine group, BMI decreased by 0.2 kg/m2. After controlling for baseline differences, significant between-group differences in weight and BMI change were noted. Change in BMI correlated significantly with baseline BMI in quetiapine-treated girls. CONCLUSION: Patients taking olanzapine had greater increases in weight and BMI than those taking quetiapine. Further studies are necessary to determine the relative risk, magnitude, and time course of antipsychotic-induced weight gain in this patient population.     

脉压和脉压指数与血压关系的研究

目的研究脉压、脉压指数与血压之间的关系。方法将106例高血压病患者按血压水平分为高血压病1、2、3级组,并将62例健康体检者设为正常对照组,分别检测各组脉压、脉压指数。通过高血压病患者间及与正常人群的对比,获得不同分组高血压病患者脉压、脉压指数与血压之间的关系。结果高血压病组脉压明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),脉压指数明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01);2.高血压病2级组和3级组脉压明显高于1级组(P<0.01),高血压病2级组脉压指数明显高于1级组和3级组(P<0.01)。结论脉压、脉压指数与血压关系密切,其中,脉压表现出随血压水平升高而持续升高的趋势;脉压、脉压指数作为临床评价心血管疾病发生的危险性的指标,具有一定的价值。     

体质量指数与不孕症患者性激素六项水平的相关性分析

目的探讨体质量指数(BMI)与不孕症患者性激素六项水平的相关性,为预防不孕症的发生提供理论依据。方法以2018年在太原市中心医院就诊的112例不孕症患者作为研究对象,收集一般人口学特征、身高、体质量等资料,检测患者血清性激素六项水平:促卵泡激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E_2)、睾酮(T)、孕酮(P)、催乳素(PRL),通过双变量相关分析体质量指数与不孕症患者性激素六项水平的相关性。结果 BMI与LH浓度呈负相关(r=-0.317,P<0.05),与其他性激素FSH、E_2、T、P、PRL均无相关性(P均>0.05)。结论本项研究表明体质量指数可能与不孕者性激素LH之间有负相关存在,未来有必要进一步研究以阐明其中潜在的机制。     

The relationship between ochratoxin A and blood pressure in adolescents

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a chemical produced by some fungal species, and although its toxic effects have been shown in many animal studies, there are limited studies in humans. We aimed to examine the relationship between OTA and hypertension. 50 newly diagnosed hypertensive patients and 33 healthy individuals aged between 12 and 14 were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure measurements, complete blood count, blood biochemical parameters, urine lead level and urine OTA level were measured. OTA was detected in the urine samples of 90.9% of the control group, 100% of the hypertensive group and 85.7% of the obese+hypertensive group. Median urinary OTA was 32.9 ng/g creatinine for hypertensive group, 32.2 ng/g creatinine for hypertensive+obese group, 18.8 ng/g creatinine for the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a positive association between last quartile of urinary OTA level and being hypertensive [AOR:5.93 (95%CI: 1.27–27.61)] in adolescents without obesity. Hypertensive cases could be evaluated for OTA exposure in further studies.     

Association between body mass index, body fat per cent and muscle power output in soccer players

The objectives of this study were to examine (a) the prevalence of overweight/obesity, (b) the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and body fat percent (BF), and (c) the association between BMI, BF and power output in adult male soccer players. Members of competitive soccer clubs (n=169, aged 22.7±4.2yr) were examined for anthropometric characteristics and body composition, and performed the physical working capacity in heart rate 170 min^?1 test (PWC170), a force-velocity test (F-v) and the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). Based on international BMI cut-off points, 17.8% (n=30) of participants were classified as overweight. BMI was correlated with BF (r=0.67, p<0.001) and could be predicted based on the equation BF=1.193·BMI-12.24 (standard error of estimate 2.49). BMI and BF were in inverse relationship with mean power during WAnT (r=?0.30, p<0.001; r=?0.47, p<0.001, respectively). BF was also in inverse relationship with PWC170 (r=?0.26, p<0.001) and maximal power of the F-v test (r=?0.18, p=0.020).The prevalence of overweight among participants was lower than what is observed in general population. The findings confirmed previous observations on general population about the negative effect of overweight and fatness on selected parameters of physical fitness.     

Thermal effect of glucose in women with normal carbohydrate tolerance: relationship to body mass index, blood insulin and noradrenaline.

Relationships between energy expenditure, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose (BG) responses to glucose ingestion were studied in 35 women aged 22-55 yrs with normal carbohydrate tolerance. In 13 of them plasma insulin (IRI) and catecholamine concentrations were also determined. Thirty seven per cent of patients did not respond to glucose load with an increased energy expenditure. In the remaining women the average thermogenic effect amounted to approx. 10% of their initial metabolic rate. A significant negative correlation (r = -0.415, n = 35, P(0.02) was found between BMI and the overall thermal effect of glucose (sigma TEG) calculated as a sum of the post-glucose energy expenditure measured every 15 min during 2 h minus the baseline value. Neither the fasting nor the post glucose BG concentrations correlated with sigma TEG. Significant correlations were ascertained between sigma TEG and the fasting IRI (r = -0.568), the sigma post-glucose IRI (r = -0.723), the ratio of sigma BG/sigma IRI (r = 0.845) and the post-glucose plasma noradrenaline concentration (r = 0.837). In conclusion: in women with normal carbohydrate tolerance the thermogenic effect of glucose depends to a large extent on insulin sensitivity and the glucose-induced activation of the sympathetic nervous system.     

Maternal endotoxemia results in increases in blood pressure and body weight in rats

Objective To investigate the effects of prenatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide(LPS)on blood pressure and body weight of offspring in rats.Methods Sixteen healthy pregnant rats were randomly divided into two groups.The rats in LPS group were injected intraperitoneally with LPS(0.79 mg·kg-1)at the 8th,10th,12th day of gestation.Those in the control group were only treated with NS.After delivery,all offspring were weighed and blood pressure was measured by tail-cuff method once every two weeks from the 6th to 24th week.In the 15th week,their food intakes were weighed every day.At the end of the 24th week,the rats were put to death by decapitation.Abdominal adipose tissues were taken to weigh,and serum level of leptin was detected by RIA.Results The offspring with prenatal LPS exposure showed increased systemic arterial pressure,heavier body weight,elevated food intake,increased adipose tissue weight and increased circulating leptin compared with controls.Conclusions Prenatal exposure to LPS leads to increases in blood pressure and body weight in rats.     

Relationship between body mass index, diet, exercise and gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms in a community

BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for gastro-oesophageal reflux but may simply be explained by diet and lifestyle. AIM: We aimed to determine the contribution of BMI, diet and exercise to GER. METHODS: Community subjects (n = 211, mean age = 36 years, 43% males) completed validated questionnaires on gastro-oesophageal reflux, energy expenditure (Harvard Alumni Activity Survey), dietary intake (Harvard Food Frequency Questionnaire) and measures of personality and life event stress. Diet, exercise, BMI and other potential risk factors for reflux were analysed using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The overall mean (+/- s.d.) BMI was 26.6 (+/- 5.7); 79 (37%) reported infrequent (< weekly) reflux and 16 (8%) reported frequent (> or = weekly) reflux. The median caloric intake was 2097 cal/day and the median daily energy expenditure was 1753 cal/day. Among those with BMI > 25, 10% reported frequent reflux compared to 4% of those with BMI < or = 25. In a model which included age, sex and Symptom Checklist-90 somatisation T-score, BMI was associated with reflux (OR per 5 units = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.0). In models which included diet and exercise variables, BMI but not diet or exercise was associated with reflux. CONCLUSION: BMI may be associated with symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux independent of diet and exercise.     

中青年体检人群体质量指数与血糖和血脂及血压相关性分析

目的:探讨体质量指数(BMI)与血压、血脂、血糖等指标的相关性。方法:对2019年1月-2020年12月在体检中心进行健康体检的1952例中青年人群资料进行回顾性分析,比较不同性别人群的肥胖、超重比例及高血压、高血糖、高脂血症发病情况,并根据BMI不同分为体质量低下组、正常组、超重组、肥胖组,分析BMI与年龄、腰围、空腹血糖、血脂、血压的相关性。结果:男性的超重率、肥胖率均高于女性,男性的高血糖、高血压、血脂异常检出率也均高于女性,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);不同BMI组之间年龄、腰围、血压、空腹血糖、血脂比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。随着BMI的增高,年龄、腰围、空腹血糖、血压、血脂是超重、肥胖的重要影响因素,且呈递进关系。结论:男性超重、肥胖人数比例大于女性,超重和肥胖与腰围、血压、血脂、空腹血糖相关,BMI增加会使血糖、血脂、血压升高。