108例化妆品皮肤不良反应的临床分析

对108例化妆品皮肤不良反应进行临床分析，并对部分患者做了可疑致病化妆品斑贴试验。结果表明，中轻年女性患者居多；临床表现主要为接触性皮炎（96．3％）；大部分是由一般化妆品引起，其次为祛斑增白类化妆品。14例做了可疑化妆品斑贴试验，有6例阳性。     

658例化妆品皮肤不良反应临床分析

目的:明确化妆品引起皮肤各种不良反应的特征和致敏物.方法:对658例化妆品皮肤不良反应患者进行临床分析,并对部分患者进行可疑致病化妆品斑贴或光斑贴试验.结果:患者中女性占86.9％;21～45岁占76.7％.临床表现主要为接触性皮炎597例(90.7％),其他依次为化妆品痤疮15例,化妆品毛发损害5例,化妆品色素异常7例,化妆品甲损害2例,化妆品光感性皮炎5例,另外化妆品激素依赖性皮炎27例.大部分(59.8％)是由护肤类引起,其次为护发美发类(23.3％)、芳香类(7.2％).308例患者做了可疑化妆品原物斑贴试验,有165例阳性,阳性率达53.6％.部分阳性者行标准过敏原斑贴试验,过敏原阳性比例依次为对苯二胺占18.5％、硫酸镍占14.8％、硫柳汞占13.0％、重铬酸钾占11.1％,芳香混合物、甲醛、卡巴混合物各占7.4％等.结论:化妆品不良反应多发于中青年女性;化妆品接触性皮炎是最常见的化妆品皮肤病;护肤类为主要致病化妆品;标准过敏原斑贴试验阳性者依次为对苯二胺、硫酸镍、硫柳汞、重铬酸钾、芳香混合物、甲醛、卡巴混合物等.     

斑贴试验在诊断化妆品皮炎中的应用

作者对１０９例临床诊断为化妆品皮炎的患者，用患者本人提供的可疑致病化妆品做了１４６次斑贴试验，结果阳性率达３７．８４％。为化妆品皮炎的确诊提供了重要依据。本文对用化妆品原液做斑贴试验诊断化妆品皮炎的有关问题进行了讨论。     

用可疑化妆品对化妆品皮炎作斑贴试验的研究

为了研究用化妆品进行斑贴试验时所需浓度，探讨用患者使用过的可疑化妆品进行斑贴试验在诊断化妆品皮炎中的应用价值，将各种化妆品以不同浓度对３５例健康者，３８例非接触性皮炎湿疹类患者进行斑贴试验。然后用患者各自的可疑致敏化妆品对６２例化妆品皮炎患者进行斑贴试验。结果：初步认为护肤类膏剂、唇膏、护发类发乳、头油、摩丝等类产品可用原物进行斑贴试验，染发剂、清洁类香皂、护发类油用２％，清洁类香波用２％和５％，冷烫精、指甲油、香水用５％或１０％。可疑化妆品斑贴试验的阳性率为９５．１６％。本研究表明：用可疑化妆品作斑贴试验时，不同类型的产品，其斑贴试验浓度并不相同，用患者的可疑化妆品进行斑贴试验是诊断化妆品皮炎的重要手段。这项研究为进一步研究我国化妆品皮炎标准筛选系列抗原提供了必要资料。     

昆明地区110例化妆品不良反应临床分析

目的:总结2009年昆明地区化妆品皮肤不良反应的临床特点、可疑致病化妆品类别等情况,为防治化妆品不良反应提供依据.方法:分析化妆品皮肤不良反应患者临床资料及斑贴试验等结果.结果:①化妆品皮肤不良反应患者共110例,其中化妆品接触性皮炎占90.0%,其余依次为化妆品痤疮、色素异常和光感性皮炎;②可疑致病化妆品中,普通护肤...     

云南地区化妆品不良反应96例临床特征分析

目的 探讨2020年本院96例化妆品皮肤不良反应的临床特点,为科学防治化妆品不良反应及化妆品安全风险监管提供依据和建议。方法 分析2020年本院收集及上报的96例化妆品皮肤不良反应患者的临床资料和斑贴试验等结果。结果 化妆品皮肤不良反应患者共96例,其中女性(97.92%)明显高于男性(2.08%),年龄主要集中于21～49岁(94.79%);不良反应临床诊断为化妆品接触性皮炎占79.17%,其余依次为皮肤色素异常(12.50%)、痤疮(5.21%)及毛发损害(3.13%);仅7例完成化妆品斑贴试验,阳性率71.43%;在110种可疑致病化妆品中,非特殊用途占68.18%,特殊用途占31.82%,无批准文号占41.82%;可疑致病化妆品来源,网购占70.91%,美容美发机构占16.36%,商场占12.73%。结论 化妆品不良反应常发生于中青年女性;接触性皮炎是最常见的化妆品皮肤不良反应;可疑致病特殊用途化妆品中,以祛斑类居多;斑贴试验仅可作为诊断化妆品接触性皮炎的检验方法,诊断化妆品致其他皮肤病的检验方法仍有待完善;应加强科学护肤和安全使用化妆品的宣教;应规范化妆品销售渠道。     

65例面部化妆品皮炎致病因素的调查分析

采用斑贴试验的方法，用原有可疑化妆品和北医大研制的标准筛选系列抗原，对65例化妆品所致面部损害的患者进行了分析。65例中，以中年女性为主；引起化妆品皮炎时间：以24－48h居多；皮肤损害的类型，常见的是变应性接触性皮炎；致病化妆品类型常见是护肤类化妆品。标准抗原系列做斑贴试验，阳性反应最多是香料和防腐剂，另外对苯二胺、硫酸镍、松香等也是与化妆品皮炎有关的主要抗原。     

化妆品性皮肤病341例临床分析

为了了解化妆品性皮肤病状况,对341例化妆品性皮肤病进行了临床观察。并对部分患者做了可疑致病化妆品与仿欧标准抗原的斑贴试验。结果,中青年女性患者居多,临床表现主要为接触性皮炎(78.59%),其次是色素沉着(10.26%)、痤疮样损害(9.97%)、光感性皮炎(0.59%)、接触性荨麻疹(0.59%)。可疑致病化妆品种类141种,大部分是一股护肤品(63.83%)。215例做了可疑化妆品斑试,阳性率61.86%,以接触性皮炎型和色素沉着型阳性率较高(63.75%与80.65%)。仿欧标准抗原斑试结果显示化妆品中常见的致敏原是香料和防腐剂。     

化妆品相关皮肤不良反应512例临床特点及致病成分分析

【摘要】 目的 分析化妆品相关皮肤不良反应的临床特点及主要致病成分，为化妆品不良反应起到预警作用并提供客观的风险评估依据。方法 收集2018年3月至2019年10月在重庆市中医院门诊就诊的512例化妆品不良反应可疑患者，男14例，女498例，通过填写统一制定的化妆品不良反应报告卡，记录患者的病史资料和所使用化妆品的相关信息；对其中103例（男3例，女100例）进行化妆品原物斑贴试验及化妆品成分斑贴试验，结合48和72 h斑贴试验结果综合判定并汇总分析。结果 512例可疑化妆品不良反应病例中，主要表现类型为接触性皮炎（495例，96.7%）。化妆品不良反应的皮损形态主要为红斑501例（97.9%）、丘疹313例（61.1%）、水肿249例（48.6%）、鳞屑166例（32.4%）；症状主要为瘙痒480例（93.8%），其次为灼热感359例（70.1%）和紧绷感297例（58.0%）。103例化妆品成分斑贴试验显示，阳性71例，最易引起化妆品不良反应的变应原分别为硫柳汞（31例，30.1%）、十二烷基硫酸钠（29例，28.2%）、秘鲁香脂（17例，16.5%）、布罗波尔（12例，11.7%）及三乙醇胺（10例，9.7%）。将化妆品变应原系列分为14个类别，阳性率前4位的类别分别为乳化剂54例（45.8%）、防腐剂47例（39.8%）、芳香剂17例（14.4%）和表面活性剂10例（8.5%）。2例男性和69例女性斑贴试验阳性，男女阳性率差异无统计学意义（2/3比69/100，χ2 = 0.01，P > 0.05）；18 ~ 29岁组、30 ~ 49岁组及50 ~ 70岁组阳性率分别是34%、34%、32.4%，各组间阳性率差异无统计学意义（χ2 = 0.693，P > 0.05）。结论 化妆品不良反应最常见的表现为接触性皮炎，致病成分具有多样性，最易引起化妆品皮肤不良反应的变应原分别为硫柳汞、十二烷基硫酸钠、秘鲁香脂、布罗波尔及三乙醇胺。     

2005—2009年四川大学华西医院化妆品不良反应回顾性分析

目的探讨化妆品引起皮肤各种不良反应的状况及远期影响。方法对四川大学华西医院2005—2009年门诊疑为化妆品不良反应的487例患者进行回顾性临床分析,并对接诊后观察时间6个月的患者进行随访。结果 487例患者以中青年女性居多,临床表现主要为化妆品接触性皮炎(65.3%),化妆品色素异常性皮肤病(10.9%),毛发损害(2.67%),化妆品痤疮(2.5%)。对281例患者行可疑化妆品斑贴试验,73例阳性。对169例进行了随访,87例(51.48%)经过治疗而痊愈,但是仍有近1/4患者症状反复出现,难以痊愈。结论选择化妆品应谨慎,相关卫生行政部门应重视化妆品的安全性监督和管理,各级临床医生对化妆品不良反应及时进行处理,减少并发症。     

Cutaneous manifestations of breast carcinoma

The incidence of breast carcinoma cutaneous manifestation in patients with breast carcinoma is 23.9%. The most common sites of breast carcinoma cutaneous manifestation are the chest wall and abdomen, but they can occur at the extremities and in the head/neck region. Due the high incidence of breast carcinoma, these cutaneous manifestations are the most common metastases seen by dermatologists. In clinical practice, cutaneous metastases show a wide range of clinical manifestations. Nodules are the most common presentation, but several other patterns are described below.     

The use of systemic immune moderators in dermatology: an update

In addition to corticosteroids, dermatologists have access to an array of immunomodulatory therapies. Azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, cyclosporine, and mycophenolate mofetil are the systemic immunosuppressive agents most commonly used by dermatologists. In addition, new developments in biotechnology have spurred the development of immunobiologic agents that are able to target the immunologic process of many inflammatory disorders at specific points along the inflammatory cascade. Alefacept, efalizumab, etanercept, and infliximab are the immunobiologic agents that are currently the most well known and most commonly used by dermatologists. This article reviews the pharmacology, mechanism of action, side effects, and clinical applications of these therapies.     

Case for diagnosis. Cutaneous metastases of visceral cancer

Cutaneous metastases of visceral cancers are relatively rare, with an incidence of 0.7 to 10%. The most frequent primary sites are breast, lung and colon tumors. They generally occur after the primary cancer is diagnosed and signify a poor prognosis. They may occur as the first manifestation in 20% of cancers in general. The most common manifestations are single or multiple asymptomatic nodules, most often located on the chest, abdomen, head and neck, sometimes with unusual clinical features which present a challenge to clinical diagnosis.     

Child abuse: skin markers and differential diagnosis

Reports of child abuse have increased significantly. The matter makes most physicians uncomfortable for two reasons: a) Little guidance or no training in recognizing the problem; b - Not understanding its true dimension. The most common form of child violence is physical abuse. The skin is the largest and frequently the most traumatized organ. Bruises and burns are the most visible signs. Physicians (pediatricians, general practitioners and dermatologists) are the first professionals to observe and recognize the signs of intentional injury. Dermatologists particularly, can help distinguish intentional injury from accidental, or from skin diseases that mimic maltreatment.     

The erythropoietic porphyrias

There are two well-characterized disorders of porphyrin-heme metabolism in which the bulk of the porphyrins that accumulate in excess are formed chiefly within juvenile erythroid elements of the bone marrow. The first is most often termed congenital erythropoietic porphyria, and the second is most often termed erythropoietic protoporphyria. The former is a rare disorder, whereas the latter is one of the two most common porphyrias (along with porphyria cutanea tarda) and has a good probability of being encountered in general dermatologic practice. Both are determined genetically, cause cutaneous photosensitivity and systemic complications of importance, and are amenable to various forms of therapy.     

Hemangiomas of infancy--a clinical review

Hemangiomas of infancy are the most common benign tumors of childhood. They are composed of proliferating endothelial tumor cells and usually manifest as cutaneous birthmarks. In most cases, these tumors characteristically follow a natural course of regression. However, they can cause a tremendous amount of anxiety. Hemangiomas can threaten vital life processes if located in certain areas of the body. They may also be part of larger syndromes associated with high rates of life-changing morbidity and mortality. In all of these situations, hemangiomas are often referred due to the uncertainties that exist regarding the most efficacious diagnosis and management.     

Acne scarring: current treatment options

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin disorders treated in dermatology. Subsequent scarring that may result from acne can lead to devastating consequences. There are currently a wide variety of treatment modalities available for acne scarring. The most widely used options are reviewed.     

Origin, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of facial hypermelanoses

Facial hypermelanosis is a clinical feature of a diverse group of disorders, the most common of which is melasma. Exposure to sunlight, genetic predisposition, the use of cosmetics, and certain drugs are implicated in the pathogenesis of most facial hypermelanoses. A detailed personal and family history and the histopathologic findings are, in most cases, enough for establishing the correct diagnosis. Systemic disorders such as Addison's disease should always be suspected and excluded in clinically relevant cases.     

Swine model in transplant research: Review of anaesthesia and perioperative management

Pigs are one of most common animal species to be used in biomedical models due to their many anatomical visceral similarities with humans, particularly with regards to transplantation. Despite this use, in many of the researches in which pigs are selected for transplantation, the anaesthesia used is an adaptation of human anaes-thesia and presents some limitations such as a reduced analgesia a limited control in perioperative period. In this review we show some of the most important conditions in the preanaesthetic management and of swine as well as we review of anaesthetic protocols for the most common types of swine model of transplantation.     

Blistering autoimmune diseases of childhood

Autoimmune blistering skin diseases are exceedingly rare in children. In most cases, they are characterized by circulating autoantibodies directed against adhesion structures of the skin which subsequently induce blistering at the dermoepidermal junction or intraepidermally. The most frequent paediatric immunobullous disease is linear IgA dermatosis; all others such as pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, dermatitis herpetiformis and pemphigus are less common than in adults. In children, mucous membranes are involved more frequently. Recent advances in the identification of the autoantigens have improved diagnostic approach and therapeutic management of blistering diseases. In most cases, treatment requires systemic immunosuppression. With respect to the chronic course of the diseases and potential complications of treatment, cooperation between dermatologists and paediatricians seems advisable.