脊柱转移瘤MR扫描与核素骨显像的对比研究

目的探讨脊柱骨转移瘤MR扫描阳性、核素骨显像阴性的不同原因。方法回顾经临床确诊的68例脊柱骨转移瘤病人的MRI与核素骨显像检查,分析MR影像表现,包括病灶的大小、位置及其与骨皮质关系和核素骨显像结果之间的相互联系。结果在MRI图像显示561个病灶中,核素骨显像病灶检出率35.47%(199/561)。位于骨髓内没有骨皮质侵犯的133个病灶,核素骨显像未能检出,但位于骨皮质下、经骨皮质层病灶其检出率分别为25.58%(55/215)、67.61%(144/213);小病灶组(<15mm)、大病灶组(≥15mm)病灶检出率分别为10.12%(25/247)和55.4%(174/314);相同扫描野阳性病例检出率MRI(64/68=94.12%)优于核素骨显像(49/68=72.06%),有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论脊柱转移瘤的大小、位置及骨皮质受累与否影响核素骨显像的检出率,位于骨髓内没有骨皮质侵犯的早期病灶是MR扫描阳性核素骨显像阴性的重要原因。     

病理证实的130例脊柱疾病核素骨显像研究

目的:比较核素全身骨平面显像和MRI、CT及X线诊断脊柱转移瘤及其他脊柱疾病的价值.材料和方法:130例经病理证实的脊柱疾病患者行99mTc-MDP全身骨显像,其中104例同期行MRI、61例行CT、107例行X线片检查.结果:骨显像的诊断灵敏度为:转移瘤91.7%,原发骨恶性肿瘤73.3%,良性肿瘤54.2%,瘤样病损81.8%,炎性病变100%,压缩性骨折100%.61.1%的转移瘤患者伴有其他部位骨骼的异常浓聚或稀疏灶.结论:核素骨显像诊断骨转移瘤最有效;其他脊柱疾病,几种影像技术各有其优势,骨显像对判断病灶范围及伴发其他骨病变有较大价值.     

核素骨显像诊断脊柱疾病的价值

目的：探讨核素骨显像在脊柱转移瘤及其他脊柱疾病诊断中的价值。材料和方法：104例经手术病理诊断的脊柱疾病患者行^99mTc-MDP全身骨平面显像，将显像图分为局部异常浓聚、局部异常稀疏、局部加其他部位异常浓聚或稀疏、其他部位异常浓聚或稀疏几种。结果：骨显像诊断脊柱疾病的灵敏度为：转移瘤90.6%，原发恶性肿瘤76.0%，良性肿瘤52.9%，瘤样病损85.7%，炎性病变100%，压缩性骨折100%，62.5%的转移瘤患者伴有其他部伞骨骼的异常浓聚或稀疏灶。非转移瘤的其他脊柱疾病，23.6%伴有异位异常浓聚或稀疏灶。结论：核素骨显像是诊断骨转移瘤的最佳方法。对其他脊柱疾病，骨显像可判断病灶是单发抑或多发。     

骨显像在儿童常见恶性实体瘤骨转移中的应用

目的 探讨骨显像在诊断儿童常见恶性实体瘤骨转移中的价值。方法 202例恶性实体瘤（淋巴瘤91例、神经母细胞瘤81例、横纹肌肉瘤20例、肾母细胞瘤10例）患儿行^99Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像，观察各自骨转移发生率、表现特征及好发部位。结果 202例患儿骨显像阳性者92例，占45．5％，其中单发病灶20例，多发病灶72例。好发部位为下肢骨骼和椎体。91例淋巴瘤骨显像阳性者38例，占41．8％，单发与多发性转移灶分别占28．9％与71．1％。肾脏受累15例，占16．5％；81例神经母细胞瘤阳性46例，占56．8％，单发与多发性转移灶分别占21，7％与78．3％。原发灶显影30例，占37．0％；20例横纹肌肉瘤阳性8例，占40，0％；10例肾母细胞瘤均未见骨骼转移。结论 骨显像对诊断儿童恶性实体瘤的骨转移有一定的价值，神经母细胞瘤的骨转移最常见，肾母细胞瘤极少发生骨骼浸润。^99Tc^m-MDP骨显像可显示恶性淋巴瘤的肾脏受累情况。     

^99Tc^m—MDP全身及断层骨显像对颈椎病变的诊断价值

目的探讨^99Tc^m-亚甲基二膦酸盐（MDP）全身及断层骨显像对颈椎良恶性病变的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析随访资料完整且临床最终诊断明确的颈椎退行性变患者19例、转移瘤患者76例,以23名无颈椎及全身其他部位病变的健康者作为对照组,分析^99Tc^m—MDP全身骨显像及颈椎骨断层显像检查结果及图像特点,用,检验评价其诊断效能。结果颈椎断层显像对颈椎退行性变的诊断灵敏度（73．7％,14／19）明显高于全身骨显像（36．8％,7／19;χ^2=5．216,P〈0．05）,颈椎断层显像诊断颈椎转移瘤的灵敏度和准确性分别为84．2％（64／76）和83．8％（83／99）,明显高于全身骨显像[56．6％（43／76）和61．6％（61／99）,χ^2=13．9和12．3,P均〈0．01]。结论对临床怀疑颈椎病变的患者同时行全身骨显像及颈椎断层显像,可进一步提高颈椎病变的检出率,亦可为颈椎良恶性病变的鉴别提供更多的信息。     

MRI和骨显像诊断骨转移瘤的临床价值分析

目的探讨MRI和骨显像诊断骨转移瘤的临床效果。方法选取2014年5月~2017年3月间我院收治给予治疗的骨转移瘤患者80例,通过骨显像扫描和MRI局部扫描,对两种检查方式进行对比分析,比较骨显像和MRI对患者病灶的检查率。结果本组80例患者中,骨显像检查阳性70例,阳性率为87.5%,而MRI检查阳性58例,阳性率为72.5%,两者相比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两种检查一致性为81.25%(65/80)。结论磁共振成像技术可以弥补核素骨显像技术特异性差这一弊端,二者的结合使用可提高诊断水平。     

全身弥散加权成像对恶性肿瘤骨转移的临床应用

目的 研究全身弥散加权成像(WBDWI)对恶性肿瘤远处骨转移的临床应用.方法 62例经病理证实的恶性肿瘤患者,均在2周内分别行WBDWI及核素骨显像.将骨骼分为10个部位分析,分别为颅骨、胸骨、颈椎、胸椎、腰椎、骶椎、肋骨、肩胛骨、骨盆、股骨.以核素骨显像见异常浓聚灶或稀疏灶,WBDWI见高信号为阳性,分析比较两者所显示的病灶数.结果 62例患者中,WBDWI显示362处病灶,核素骨显像显示281处病灶.WBDWI可以发现更多的骨外器官及淋巴结的病变.结论 WBDWI对骨转移具有很好的诊断价值,可以与核素骨显像互相补充,为临床提供更加全面的信息.     

恶性肿瘤患者脊柱病变的SPECT/CT诊断价值

目的: 探讨99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT骨显像诊断恶性肿瘤患者脊柱病灶的价值.材料和方法: 回顾性分析72例恶性肿瘤患者113个脊柱放射性浓聚灶的全身骨平面像、局部SPECT与SPECT/CT融合图像的代谢及CT表现.结果: 113个脊柱病灶按颈椎、胸椎、腰椎、骶椎分布分别为12个、40个、52个、9个,最后诊断良性灶73个(64.6%),恶性灶40个(35.4%).平面像、SPECT、SPECT/CT诊断符合率分别为45.1%、83.2%、94.7%,差异显著(P＜0.001).结论: 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT骨显像对恶性肿瘤患者脊柱病灶的诊断具有很高的价值.     

CT、MRI对脊柱转移瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨CT、MRI诊断脊柱转移瘤的价值。方法回顾性分析55例经病理、临床证实脊柱转移瘤患者的CT和MRI表现。结果 CT、MRI检出55例脊柱转移瘤123个椎体受累,累及附件89个,累及椎管53处,椎旁软组织肿块65处,病理性骨折12处。CT表现为溶骨型、成骨型、混合型三种骨质改变。MRI表现为多数椎体形态无改变,少数椎体楔形变,双凹变形或伴前后径增大。椎体信号呈三种类型改变:均匀或略不均匀长T1、长T2信号;长T1短T2信号;T1WI不均匀低信号,T2WI混杂信号。MRI增强后病灶呈不同程度强化。结论 CT、MRI诊断脊柱转移瘤各有优势。CT显示脊柱转移瘤的骨质破坏改变优于MRI。MRI在鉴别诊断脊柱转移瘤病理性压缩骨折和诊断早期脊柱转移瘤中明显优于CT。     

18F-FDG符合线路SPECT显像联合CT、B超、MRI在结直肠癌术后复发及转移中的诊断价值

目的探讨18F-FDG 符合线路 SPECT 显像联合传统显像(CT、B 超、MRI)在结直肠癌术后复发及转移中的诊断价值.资料与方法107例结直肠癌术后患者行18F-FDG 符合线路 SPECT 显像,并联合 CT、B 超、MRI 诊断结直肠癌术后复发及转移.结果107例患者最终确定复发及转移共29例.18F-FDG 符合线路 SPECT 显像与传统显像诊断均为阳性的15例患者中,传统显像检出病灶20个,符合线路 SPECT 显像检出病灶26个.传统显像检出3个符合线路 SPECT 显像未发现的转移病灶,而符合线路 SPECT 显像检出9个传统显像未发现的病灶.18F-FDG 符合线路 SPECT 显像诊断结直肠癌术后复发及转移的灵敏度、特异性和准确率分别为79.3%、89.7%和86.9%;传统显像的诊断效能分别为62.1%、88.5%和81.3%;二者联合的诊断效能分别为89.7%、92.3%和91.6%.二者联合诊断结直肠癌术后复发及转移的灵敏度和准确率明显优于传统显像(P <0.05).结论18F-FDG 符合线路 SPECT 显像联合 CT、B 超、MRI 在监测结直肠癌术后复发及转移中具有重要临床价值.     

Screening for skeletal metastases of the spine and pelvis: gradient echo opposed-phase MRIcompared with bone scintigraphy

Opposed-phase gradient eho (GRE) MRI at 0.5 T was compared with T1-weighted GRE MRI and bone scintigraphy regarding the detection of malignant bone marrow infiltrates of the spine and pelvis. Seventeen control patients and 41 patients with suspected skeletal metastases were studied with plain and gadolinium-enhanced MRI. In the control group only a vertebral haemangiona showed contrast enhancement, while all metastases (confirmed histologically or by follw-up) were enhancing. Opposed-phase surface coil MRI showed a significantly higher contrast-to-noise ratio of 56 metastases than T1-weighted images. In 28 patients body coil opposed-phased MRI detectedmore metastatic foci of the spine and pelvis than did bone scintigraphy (84 vs 56). No scintigraphically visualised lesion was missed by MRI. In conclusion,body coil gadolinium-enhanced opposed-phase GRE MRI may be applied as a screning method for skeletal metastases of the spine and pelvis at intermediate field strengths. Correspondence to: K. Neumann     

Comparison of 18F-FDG PET and bone scintigraphy in detection of bone metastases of thyroid cancer.

We compared the efficacies of (18)F-FDG PET and (99m)Tc-bone scintigraphy for the detection of bone metastases in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). METHODS: We examined 47 patients (32 women, 15 men; mean age +/- SD, 57.0 +/- 10.7 y) with DTC who had undergone total thyroidectomy and were hospitalized to be given (131)I therapy. All patients underwent both whole-body (18)F-FDG PET and (99m)Tc-bone scintigraphy. The skeletal system was classified into 11 anatomic segments and assessed for the presence of bone metastases. Bone metastases were verified either when positive findings were obtained on >2 imaging modalities--(201)Tl scintigraphy, (131)I scintigraphy, and CT--or when MRI findings were positive if vertebral MRI was performed. RESULTS: Bone metastases were confirmed in 59 of 517 (11%) segments in 18 (38%) of the 47 study patients. The sensitivities (visualization rate) for bone metastases on a segment basis using (18)F-FDG PET and (99m)Tc-bone scintigraphy were 50 of 59 (84.7%) and 46 of 59 (78.0%), respectively; the difference between these values was not statistically significant. There were only 2 (0.4%) false-positive cases in a total of 451 bone segments without bone metastases when examined by (18)F-FDG PET, whereas 39 (8.6%) were false-positive when examined by (99m)Tc-bone scintigraphy. Therefore, the specificities of (18)F-FDG PET and (99m)Tc-bone scintigraphy were 449 of 451 (99.6%) and 412 of 451 (91.4%), respectively; the difference between these values was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The overall accuracies of (18)F-FDG PET and (99m)Tc-bone scintigraphy were 499 of 510 (97.8%) and 458 of 510 (89.8%), respectively; the difference between these was also statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The specificity and the overall accuracy of (18)F-FDG PET for the diagnosis of bone metastases in patients with DTC are higher than those of (99m)Tc-bone scintigraphy, whereas the difference in the sensitivities of both modalities is not statistically significant. In comparison with (99m)Tc-bone scintigraphy, (18)F-FDG PET is superior because of its lower incidence of false-positive results in the detection of bone metastases of DTC.     

Evaluation of metastatic bone disease with pentavalent 99Tc(m)-dimercaptosuccinic acid: a comparison with whole-body scanning and 4/24 hour quantitation of vertebral lesions

The aim of this study was to establish the value of 99Tcm(V)-DMSA scintigraphy in the detection of metastatic bone lesions and compare the results to 99Tcm-MDP bone scintigraphy. Thirty-four patients presenting with metastatic bone disease (Group 1) and 12 controls with degenerative skeletal lesions (Group 2) were studied. Conventional bone scanning and 99Tcm(V)-DMSA whole-body scanning were performed on all patients. All scans were interpreted visually. Furthermore, lesion-to-normal bone ratios (L/N) in vertebral metastases on the 4 and 24 h bone scans were obtained in 58 lesions of cancer patients and in 23 benign (degenerative) vertebral lesions of the control group. 99Tcm-MDP L/N ratios at 24 h (3.08 +/- 0.32) were significantly higher than those at 4 h (2.48 +/- 0.24) in the malignant foci (P < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in benign lesions (P > 0.05). In 167 (164 metastatic, 3 traumatic) of 186 99Tcm-MDP positive lesions (90%) of Group 1, 99Tcm(V)-DMSA uptake was observed. The remaining 19 lesions (10%) were 99Tcm(V)-DMSA negative. Fourteen of these 19 sites were diagnosed as benign. The remaining five foci were malignant. In four lung cancer metastases showing no 99Tcm-MDP uptake, 99Tcm(V)-DMSA uptake was observed. There was no 99Tcm(V)-DMSA accumulation in any of the 99Tcm-MDP positive degenerative lesions of Group 2. All quantitatively evaluated (n = 42) vertebral metastatic foci and two compression fractures in Group 1 showed 99Tcm(V)-DMSA accumulation and an increased 99Tcm-MDP L/N ratio at 24 h. A total of 36 degenerative lesions (Groups 1 and 2) and one compression fracture (Group 1) showed neither 99Tcm(V)-DMSA uptake nor an increased 99Tcm-MDP L/N ratio at 24 h. Our results indicate that quantitative 4/24 h analysis of vertebral lesions on 99Tcm-MDP scans has a similar diagnostic value to 99Tcm(V)-DMSA imaging in the detection of bone metastases. However, the accumulation of 99Tcm(V)-DMSA in four lung cancer metastases showing no 99Tcm-MDP uptake is encouraging and justifies further research in patients with proven bone metastases and negative bone scans.     

MRI与同位素骨扫描对骨转移瘤诊断价值的比较

目的：比较ＭＲＩ和同位素骨扫描对骨转移瘤的诊断价值。方法：对６４例同时进行了ＭＲＩ和同位素骨扫描检查并确诊为骨转移瘤的病例,以ＭＲＩ扫描野内脊柱和骨盆骨为观察目标,比较ＭＲＩ与同位素骨扫描对该部位病变的显示情况。结果：６４例患者,ＭＲＩ共检查了７３个部位（骨盆３０,腰椎１９,胸椎１６,颈椎８）,在ＭＲＩ扫描范围内,以病灶数为统计单位,确诊为骨转移瘤的共２０１个病灶。在ＭＲＩ上,真阳性１９８个,假阴性３个,无假阳性,其诊断敏感性为９８．５％。在同位素骨扫描,真阳性１５４个,假阴性４７个,假阳性４８个,其诊断敏感性为７６．６％。结论：在显示骨转移瘤方面,ＭＲＩ较同位素骨扫描具有更高的敏感性,但受到扫描范围的限制。     

Comparison of18FDG-PET with99mTc-HMDP scntigraphy for the detection of bone metastases in patients with breast cancer

OBJECTIVE: Bone is one of the most common sites of metastasis in breast cancer patients. Although bone scintigraphy is widely used to detect metastatic breast cancer, the usefulness of 18FDG-PET for detecting bone metastasis has not been clearly evaluated. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of 18FDG-PET with bone scintigraphy in detecting bone metastasis in breast cancer patients. METHODS: Forty-four women aged 35 to 81 years (mean, 56 years) with breast cancer were examined in this study. Both 18FDG-PET and bone scintigraphy were performed for each patient with 0-69 day intervals (mean, 11.5 days). The results of each image interpretation were compared retrospectively. Whole-body bones were classified into 9 anatomical regions. Metastases were confirmed at 45/187 regions in 14 patients by bone biopsy or clinical follow-up including other imaging techniques for a period of at least 6 months afterwards. RESULTS: On a region basis, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 18FDG-PET were 84%, 99% and 95%, respectively. Although these results were comparable to those of bone scintigraphy, the combination of 18FDG-PET and bone scintigraphy improved the sensitivity (98%) and accuracy (97%) of detection. False negative lesions of bone scintigraphy were mostly bone marrow metastases and those of 18FDG-PET were mostly osteoblastic metastases. 18FDG-PET was superior to bone scintigraphy in the detection of osteolytic lesions (92% vs. 73%), but inferior in the detection of osteoblastic lesions (74% vs. 95%). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that 18FDG-PET tends to be superior to bone scintigraphy in the detection of osteolytic lesions, but inferior in the detection of osteoblastic lesions. 18FDG-PET should play a complementary role in detecting bone metastasis with bone scintigraphy.     

Comparative detectability of bone metastases and impact on therapy of magnetic resonance imaging and bone scintigraphy in patients with breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the comparative impact of magnetic resonance imaging and bone scintigraphy in bone metastases of breast cancer. METHODS AND PATIENTS: in 81 patients with histologically proven breast cancer magnetic resonance imaging of the axial skeleton and whole-body bone scintigraphy had been performed. Images were retrospectively reviewed and compared for detection of metastases, extent of metastatic disease and therapeutic implications according to the patients' records. RESULTS: about 54/81 (67%) patients revealed bone metastases. In 7/54 (13%) patients with bone metastases, scintigraphy was false negative. In one patient a solitary sternal metastases was seen. In 26/53 [49%] patients with spinal metastases, magnetic resonance imaging showed more extensive disease. Local radiotherapy or surgery was indicated in ten patients with metastases not evident in bone scintigraphy, in 20 patients with positive results by both imaging modalities and in six patients with metastases of pelvis imaged by bone scintigraphy only. CONCLUSION: magnetic resonance imaging of the axial skeleton and pelvis appears superior for staging as only one patient had metastases merely outside the axial skeleton and local therapy was indicated even in spinal regions negative in bone scintigraphy.     

大范围扩散加权成像与骨扫描对照评价前列腺癌骨转移的前瞻性研究

目的 评价大范围(从头顶到小腿)MR DWI在前列腺痈骨转移瘤检测中的应用.方法 搜集接受前列腺MR检查的166例连续患者,所有患者均行前列腺局部扫描及大范围DWI.其中49例在1个月内接受骨扫描检查和大范围DWI并行双盲法诊断.以常规T1WI和压脂T2WI为标准,确定骨转移瘤的存在及其位置.49例均为MRI和核素检查后获得前列腺的穿刺病理结果.大范围DWI与骨扫描对骨转移瘤诊断的敏感度、特异度、受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)下面积应用McNemar检验进行比较.转移瘤患者中有5例有>10处/例的全身多发骨转移,在以病灶为单位研究时不纳入计算.结果 49例中10例有骨转移瘤,而DWI和核素骨扫描分别诊断15和17例有骨转移瘤,大范围DWI和核素骨扫描诊断骨转移瘤的敏感度均为100%(10/10),特异性分别为87.2%(34/39)和82.1%(32/39),ROC曲线下面积分别为0.936和0.910.44例患者中2种技术共显示68处异常信号和(或)放射浓聚灶,有20处被证实为骨转移瘤,而DWI显示其中23处为骨转移瘤,核素骨扫描显示其中34处为骨转移瘤.以病灶为单位(68处)计算大范围DWI和核素骨扫描诊断骨转移瘤灶的敏感度均为90.0%(18/20),特异度分别为89.6%(43/48)和66.7%(32/48),ROC曲线下面积分别为0.898和0.783,大范围DWI的特异度高于骨扫描(P<0.01),ROC曲线下面积也高于核素骨扫描(P<0.05).结论 大范围DWI可用于前列腺癌骨转移瘤的检查,特异度和准确度高于骨扫描.     

髓母细胞瘤骨转移的MRI诊断及临床治疗

目的：探讨髓母细胞瘤骨转移的MRI诊断及临床治疗。方法：回顾性分析髓母细胞瘤术后骨转移病例4例,分别行脊柱、髋关节或股骨MRI扫描,根据MRI检查结果运用常规分割法放射治疗。结果：4例中脊柱转移2例,髂骨及股骨颈转移1例,股骨下段转移1例,均表现为骨质内块状T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号影;经局部放射治疗疼痛症状均得到明显缓解。结论：髓母细胞瘤可以发生骨转移,MRI检查能够明确转移的范围和数目,其主要治疗手段是局部放射治疗。     

Whole-body bone marrow MRI in patients with metastatic disease to the skeletal system

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of a whole-body bone marrow MR protocol in the detection of bone metastases. METHOD: Whole-body bone marrow MRI was performed in 18 patients with known malignant tumors and suspected bone metastases. The imaging protocol consisted of fast T1-weighted and STIR sequences applied in different anatomical positions covering the whole skeleton. MRI findings indicating bone metastases were compared with findings from bone scintigraphy. Metastatic lesions were confirmed by follow-up MR examinations, bone scintigraphy, radiography, or CT. RESULTS: A total number of 216 lesions were detected with MRI in comparison with 159 lesions detected with bone scintigraphy. Follow-up examinations confirmed 105 lesions. MRI detected 96 (91.4%) of the confirmed lesions, whereas bone scintigraphy detected 89 (84.8%). The entire examination, including patient positioning and changing of imaging coils, required 45 min of room time. CONCLUSION: Whole-body bone marrow MRI as used in this study is an effective method for evaluating the entire skeletal system in patients with suspected metastatic disease.     

A review of the efficacy of bone scanning in prostate and breast cancer.

Bone scintigraphy has provided valuable data in the assessment and management of neoplastic disease since being first described in the early 1960s. There have been many developments in imaging techniques and radiopharmaceuticals over the years allowing more reliable detection of metastatic spread to bone. Other imaging modalities are also evolving roles in the detection of metastatic spread including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). Despite this, isotope bone scans continue to have a central role in detection and surveillance of bone metastases in breast and prostate cancer. Paralleling developments in imaging there have been enormous changes in the treatment options available for cancers of the breast and prostate that have metastasised to bone. Bone specific treatments including radionuclides and bisphosphonates as well as high dose chemotherapy provide potential improvement in disease control. There is also evidence that earlier treatment of bone metastases may prolong survival. This increases the need for efficient methods of detection and monitoring of disease. In this article we discuss the efficacy of bone scintigraphy in breast and prostate cancer from the point of view of staging, systematic follow-up of asymptomatic patients, evaluation of symptomatic patients and the assessment of response to therapy.