肝肿瘤射频消融电极针研究进展

射频消融(RFA)是目前广泛应用于肝肿瘤治疗的微创、有效方法,适用于不愿或不宜外科手术治疗患者.近20余年来RFA技术取得了长足的发展与进步.作为主要治疗工具,射频电极针对RFA疗效具有很大影响.该文就目前临床常用或处于研发阶段的射频电极针,如多针尖可扩展电极针、灌注电极针、内冷却电极针及双电极针等的特点进行总结,比较它们的优势与不足,展望进一步研究方向,以提高RFA治疗肝肿瘤效果.     

离体猪椎体多极射频消融范围及热场分布

目的 通过对离体猪椎体进行射频消融(RFA),观察其骨质凝固范围及热场分布,探讨RFA时电极针在椎体中的位置与脊髓的安全性关系,以及椎体周围有无软组织损伤.方法 取30节新鲜成年猪椎体,随机分成两组.电极针深度分别为10、20 mm.消融达稳态后按预先设计测温点测温.消融20 min后,沿电极针及垂直于电极针平面切开观察骨质凝同范围.结果 各测温点在3.5 min达稳态.靠电极越近温度上升越快.两组椎体周围软组织无损伤,当电极针深10、20 mm时均无脊髓损伤.结论 对椎体后壁保持完整的椎体转移性肿瘤RFA治疗安全、可靠.     

射频消融治疗椎旁软组织转移性肿瘤的初步应用

目的 探讨经皮射频消融(RFA)治疗椎旁软组织转移瘤方法及可行性.方法 应用1500X型多极温控射频发生器,对3例椎旁转移瘤患者予以RFA治疗.在DSA引导下,穿刺入椎旁转移瘤内,插入射频电极针,射频功率设定为30～80 W.消融温度设定为60～90℃,消融治疗时间8～15 min.结果 3例患者术前疼痛症状均有不同程度缓解,无感染、针道转移等并发症.结论 经皮RFA具有安全、微创、操作简便的特点,为治疗椎旁软组织转移性肿瘤提供了一种新的治疗手段,其远期效果需进一步观察.     

RITA-1500X型与ERBE-VIO50C型射频发生器驱动Habib-EndoHPB射频消融导管的对比研究

目的 探讨RITA-1500X型和ERBE-VIO50C型2种射频发生器在胆道射频消融(RFA)治疗中的安全性和可靠性.方法 分别用RITA-1500X型和ERBE-VIO50C型2种射频发生器连接Habib-EndoHPB RFA导管,体外加热5 nil生理盐水1、1.5、2 min,观察水温变化;消融离体猪肝2 min,观察射频消融范围;Habib-EndoHPB RFA导管电极短路试验,观察射频发生器指示状态与导管实际工作状态是否一致;临床胆道介入治疗观察.结果 RITA-1500X型射频发生器射频加热的生理盐水温度升高值与加热时间不成正比,ERBE-VIO50C型射频发生器输出功率相对恒定.RITA-1500X型与ERBE-VIO50C型RFA范围长轴渗透长度分别为25.4(0.5)mm和28.6(1.1)mm,短轴最大长度范围分别为9.6(0.9)mm和11.2(0.4)mm,RITA-1500X型消融范围更接近设计范围.短路试验及临床观察结果显示RITA-1500X型射频发生器指示状态与导管实际工作状态一致.结论 与ERBE-VIO50C型射频发生器相比,RITA-1500X型射频发生器驱动Habib-EndoHPB RFA导管行胆道消融治疗具有更好的安全性和可靠性.     

多电极射频消融在治疗肿瘤中的作用

<正>经皮射频消融治疗肿瘤是近年来欧美少数发达国家开展的肿瘤治疗新技术,具有实时图像监测和术后即刻疗效评价功能,微创、安全,适应证宽,并发症少,广泛用于治疗各种实质性肿瘤,尤其对原发及转移性肝癌的治疗,可达到替代手术切除的作用。本文就多电极射频消融(radiofrequency ablatio,RFA)治疗肿瘤工作原理、实验研究、临床应用作一简要综述。     

单针灌注电极射频消融治疗肝脏肿瘤疗效分析

目的 评价CT引导下单针灌注电极在肝脏肿瘤射频消融(RFA)治疗中的临床价值.方法 2008年1月-2008年12月,在CT引导下对24例患者37枚肝脏肿瘤采用RITA UniBlate射频电极进行RFA治疗,其中单个肿瘤者14例,2枚肿瘤者7例,3枚肿瘤者3例;肿瘤最大径≤3 cm者24枚,3.1～5 cm者8枚,>5 cm者5枚;随访期12个月.结果 治疗后完全消融肿瘤22枚(22/37,59.5%),其中病灶长径小于3 CB者19枚(19/24,79.2%),3.1～5 cm者2枚(2/8),大于5 cm者1枚(1/5);未完全消融肿瘤15枚(15/37,40.5%).随访12个月仍存活者15例(15/24,62.5%);死亡患者9例(9/24,病死率37.5%).10例AFP阳性患者中,术后5例下降至正常水平,3例虽有下降但仍高于正常,2例持续升高.RFA治疗后1例患者肝脏包膜下少量出血;患者均有不同程度发热和上腹部疼痛.结论 CT引导下RITA UniBlate单针灌注电极RFA治疗创伤小、并发症发生率低,近期疗效确切,是肝脏肿瘤安全有效的局部治疗方法;对直径小于3 cm的肿瘤1次消融有较高的完全消融率;对大于3 cm的肿瘤,需行多点重叠消融并结合其他消融治疗方法以实现肿瘤病灶的完全消融.     

射频消融联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝癌的应用

以超声、CT等为主要引导方式的经皮射频消融(RFA)等局部热消融技术在肝癌治疗中发挥了重要的作用.然而,对血供丰富的较大肝癌疗效受限.经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)可有效减少肝癌的血供,并具有创伤小,适应证广,并发症少等特点,成为肝癌患者姑息治疗及术前、术后新辅助治疗的有效手段之一.因此,富血供肝肿瘤RFA治疗前应用TACE,通过栓塞肿瘤供血动脉造成肿瘤缺血,进而减少血流带走热量,可扩大消融范围提高RFA疗效,是肝癌RFA联合治疗常用的方法.本文针对RFA联合TACE治疗肝癌的应用现状及疗效进行综述.     

多电极组合穿刺在较大肝癌射频消融中的应用

目的 总结应用多电极组合布针+多位点叠合射频消融(RFA)治疗较大肝癌(肿瘤最大直径>4 cm)的疗效,探讨电极针应用数量和布针方式与疗效的关系.方法 2006年2月到2008年12月,共对113例失去手术机会的较大肝癌患者实施了超声引导下经皮肝RFA.所有肿瘤按大小分成A、B、C、D 4组.A组肿瘤直径4.0-5.0 cm;B组肿瘤直径5.1-6.0 cm;C组肿瘤直径6.1～7.0 cm:D组肿瘤直径7.1-9.3 cm.根据肿瘤不同直径决定应用的电极针数量及消融位点数目.术后随访评估治疗后肿瘤凝固性坏死结果及局部复发状况.结果 RFA后2个月内首次复查,A、B、C、D 4组患者的完全消融率分别为88.4%,78.6%,63.6%和40.O%,总体完全消融率为79.7%.随访3～36个月,A、B、C、D组的局部复发率分别为5.5%,10.O%,28.6%和50.O%,总体局部复发率为10.5%.残留以及局部复发的肿瘤根据不同情况接受再次RFA、TACE或放疗.结论 多电极组合布针+多位点叠合RFA治疗较大肝癌疗效确切,简单实用,但最好结合其他治疗方式以提高完全消融率.     

射频消融技术临床应用与发展趋势

近20年来,射频消融(RFA)技术应用于肿瘤治疗有了巨大的发展.从治疗肝癌开始,逐渐发展到治疗肺癌、骨癌、肾癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌等实体肿瘤.2008年的统计报告表明:RFA治疗肿瘤的方法,在同类治疗方法中占据了9%市场份额.并且,在未来的数年内,RFA治疗肿瘤这一方法发展,将以年均13%的速度增长.     

影像引导下射频消融治疗的现状与进展

影像引导下射频消融(RFA)治疗是一种安全、近期疗效肯定、并发症少的微创介入治疗方法.现已广泛应用于肝癌、肺癌、肾上腺恶性肿瘤、骨肿瘤及脾功能亢进的治疗.RFA与动脉栓塞化疗、化学消融或经皮穿刺椎体成形术等联合应用,是一种新型的综合性介入治疗肿瘤的方法,将会进一步提高肿瘤治疗的疗效.     

射频技术在临床中的应用

近20年来,射频(radiofrequency,RF)技术以其微创、靶向、疗效好,不良反应少等特点应用于临床各种疾病的治疗有了巨大的发展。从治疗实体肿瘤,逐渐发展到治疗实质器官的良性病变如脾亢、前列腺增生,以及在心血管系统、骨骼系统、消化系统、妇科疾病、治疗疼痛以及医学美容等多个领域得到广泛应用并取得了较好的疗效。本文就其治疗原理、不同机型及特点以及在临床方面的应用作一综述。     

Renal cell carcinoma radiofrequency ablation: evaluation of efficacy based on histological correlation

Percutaneous image-guided ablation with the use of radiofrequency has recently received much attention as a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of solid malignancies. Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) were among the first extrahepatic tumours to be targeted with radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The aim of this study is to present the efficacy of RFA in RCC and the factors that have an impact on the attained necrosis with regards to the histological findings.     

Radiofrequency ablation of renal tumors

Percutaneous thermal ablation is increasingly applied in the therapy of renal tumors. Various techniques are available, allowing a safe and accurate therapy of renal tumors either using hyperthermia such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA), laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) and microwave ablation (MW) or by hypothermia (cryoablation). As thermal ablation is a minimally invasive and nephron-sparing procedure, it is ideally suited for patients with a single kidney, multiple tumors or contraindications for resective surgery. Although cryotherapy is the most extensively studied technique, RFA has become the most accepted thermal ablation technique over the last years. Modern RFA probes allow ablation volumes between 2 and 5 cm in diameter. A major advantage of RFA is the ability to avoid tract bleeding and tumor seeding by coagulating the puncture channel during RF probe withdrawal. The increasing number of clinical reports on RFA of the kidney show the promising potential of renal RFA for minimally invasive tumor treatment. Due to its technical benefits, RFA seems to be advantageous when compared to cryoablation or laser ablation. However, there are no long-term follow-up or comparative data proving an equal effectiveness to surgery.     

CT导向下射频消融治疗不能手术切除肺癌患者的临床分析

目的:探讨CT导向下射频消融对不能手术切除肺癌治疗的有效性及安全性。方法:回顾性分析23例经CT导向下射频消融治疗的肺癌患者,其中原发性肺癌患者17例,肺癌术后转移6例,评价其治疗局部有效率和1年无进展生存期。结果:本组共23例患者共行33次射频消融治疗,手术均顺利完成。平均随访时间18.3月(13～30个月),局部控制率在3月、6月及1年分别是96.8%、93.5%及86.7%,1年无进展生存率73.9%。余发生与手术相关的严重并发症。结论:CT导向下射频消融在肺癌治疗中是一种安全有效的局部治疗方法。     

Radiofrequency Ablation of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Preliminary Experience

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous ultrasound (US)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA) in a small, nonrandomized series. From February 2004 to July 2008, six patients (four men and two women; mean age 69.8 years [range 48 to 83]) with ICCA underwent percutaneous US-guided RFA. Preintervetional transarterial embolization was performed in two cases to decrease heat dispersion during RFA in order to increase the area of ablation. The efficacy of RFA was evaluated using contrast-enhanced dynamic computed tomography (CT) 1 month after treatment and then every 3 months thereafter. Nine RFA sessions were performed for six solid hepatic tumors in six patients. The duration of follow-up ranged from 13 to 21 months (mean 17.5). Posttreatment CT showed total necrosis in four of six tumors after one or two RFA sessions. Residual tumor was observed in two patients with larger tumors (5 and 5.8 cm in diameter). All patients tolerated the procedure, and there with no major complications. Only 1 patient developed post-RFA syndrome (pain, fever, malaise, and leukocytosis), which resolved with oral administration of acetaminophen. Percutaneous RFA is a safe and effective treatment for patients with hepatic tumors: It is ideally suited for those who are not eligible for surgery. Long-term follow-up data regarding local and systemic recurrence and survival are still needed.     

Transarterial embolization (TAE) as add-on to percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of renal tumors: Review of the literature,overview of state-of-the-art embolization materials and further perspective of advanced image-guided tumor ablation

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of stage I renal cell carcinoma has recently gained significant attention as the now available long-term and controlled data demonstrate that RFA can result in disease-free and cancer-specific survival comparable with partial and/or radical nephrectomy. In the non-controlled single center trials, however, the rates of treatment failure vary. Operator experience and ablation technique may explain some of the different outcomes. In the controlled trials, a major limitation is the lack of adequate randomization. In case reports, original series and overview articles, transarterial embolization (TAE) before percutaneous RFA was promising to increase tumor control and to reduce complications. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature on TAE as add-on to percutaneous RFA for renal tumors. Specific data regarding technique, tumor and patient characteristics as well as technical, clinical and oncologic outcomes have been analyzed. Additionally, an overview of state-of-the-art embolization materials and the radiological perspective of advanced image-guided tumor ablation (TA) will be discussed. In conclusion, TAE as add-on to percutaneous RFA is feasible and very effective and safe for the treatment of T1a tumors in difficult locations and T1b tumors. Advanced radiological techniques and technologies such as microwave ablation, innovative embolization materials and software-based solutions are now available, or will be available in the near future, to reduce the limitations of bland RFA. Clinical implementation is extremely important for performing image-guided TA as a highly standardized effective procedure even in the most challenging cases of localized renal tumors.     

Renal Tumors: Technical Success and Early Clinical Experience with Radiofrequency Ablation of 18 Tumors

Purpose To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and technical efficacy of image-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of small peripheral renal tumors and to report our early results with this treatment modality. Methods Twenty-two RFA sessions for 18 tumors were performed in 11 patients with renal tumors. Indications included coexistent morbidity, high surgical or anesthetic risk, solitary kidney, and hereditary predisposition to renal cell carcinoma. Ten patients had CT-guided percutaneous RFA performed on an outpatient basis. One patient had open intraoperative ultrasound-guided RFA. Technical success was defined as elimination of areas that enhanced at imaging within the entire tumor. With the exception of one patient with renal insufficiency who required gadolinium-enhanced MRI, the remaining patients underwent contrast-enhanced CT for post-treatment follow-up assessment. Follow-up was performed after 2–4 weeks and then at 3, 6, 12 months, and every 12 months thereafter. Results Fourteen (78%) of 18 tumors were successfully ablated with one session. Three of the remaining four tumors required two sessions for successful ablation. One tumor will require a third session for areas of persistent enhancement. Mean patient age was 72.82 ± 10.43 years. Mean tumor size was 1.95 ± 0.79 cm. Mean follow-up time was 10.91 months. All procedures were performed without any major complications. Conclusions Our early experience with percutaneous image-guided radiofrequency ablation demonstrates it to be a feasible, safe, noninvasive, and effective treatment of small peripheral renal tumors.     

18F-FDG PET/CT in evaluation of radiofrequency ablation of liver metastasis

Image-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive therapy option in the treatment of primary and secondary hepatic malignancies, which are not suitable for surgery/chemotherapy, and more recently, for tumors with limited hepatic involvement and solitary liver metastasis. Accurate assessment of treatment response after RFA remains a concern. Conventional imaging modalities have limitations of differentiation between residual/recurrence from post-RFA changes. We illustrate images of 3 patients in whom (18)F-FDG PET/CT was used for response assessment and restaging after RFA in liver tumors.