不孕不育198例血清抗精子抗体测定结果分析

目的：探讨不孕不育患者血清中抗精子抗体在免疫性不孕症中的作用。方法：采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定198例血清抗精子抗体,同时测定正常生育年龄人员58例作为对照组。结果：不孕不育患者抗精子抗体阳性率23．7％．男性患者阳性率为22．2％,女性患者阳性率为25．3％,该组阳性率明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）,两者差异具有统计学意义。结论：抗精子抗体是男女不孕不育的免疫性重要因素,检测血清抗精子抗体有助于临床免疫性不孕症的诊断。     

不孕不育患者与抗精子抗体和抗子宫内膜抗体的相关性分析

目的 探讨抗精子抗体（AsAb）和抗子宫内膜抗体（EMAb）检测在不育不孕症患者中的临床价值。方法应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA法）对1197例不孕不育者进行了抗精子抗体与抗子宫内膜抗体检测，同时与健康组作对比研究。结果不孕不育组AsAb总阳性栓出率为21．7％（260／1197），男性病例阳性为18，4％（94／511），女性不孕病例检测阳性占24．2％（166／686）；健康组AsAb阳性率则为3．6％（2／56），经统计学处理，P〈0．01。而686例女性不孕不育中原发组AsAb阳性占24．1％（60／249），继发不孕组占24．3％（106／437）；EMAb检测不孕组为9，2％（63／686），原发不孕占7、6％（19／249），继发不孕占10．1％（44／437），健康孕妇组为0（0／28），两组对比P〈0．01。结论AsAb和EMAb与不孕（育）密切相关。     

细胞因子和淋巴细胞亚群在类风湿关节炎中检测的临床意义

目的探讨血浆细胞因子和淋巴细胞亚群与类风湿关节炎（RA）患者的发病机制及临床意义。方法选择38例RA患者,50例健康者为对照组。采用双抗体夹心ELISA（生物素扩大）法,测定各例血浆IL-4,IL-6,IL-8,RNATES浓度。采用流式细胞术计数CD3^＋,CD4^＋,CD8^＋,CD28^-,CD25^＋,CD19^＋表达水平。结果与对照组相比,RA病人各项细胞因子均有明显升高（P〈0．05,P〈0.01,P〈0．01,P〈0．01）;CD25^＋,CD19^＋细胞水平升高（分别为P〈0．01,P〈0.05）,CD8^＋／CD28^-细胞减少（P〈0．01）,CD3^＋,CD4^＋细胞无明显变化（P〉0．05）。结论以上研究结果提示细胞因子和淋巴细胞亚群参与了RA的发病机制和细胞、体液免疫调节,4种细胞因子的检测是RA病情监测和疗效判断的较好指标。     

中晚期肺癌患者外周血CD4+细胞因子水平的观察

目的 观察中晚期肺癌患者CD4^＋细胞Th1、Th2因子的表达，探讨其在肺癌发病及分型中的意义。方法采取肺癌患者和健康体检者静脉血标本，用Th1、Th2细胞因子标记流式细胞技术检测IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10，比较肺癌患者相对于健康体检者外周血CD4^＋细胞分泌细胞因子水平的变化。结果 中晚期肺癌患者外周血CD4^＋细胞表达IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-2水平均低于正常人（P〈0．01）；IL-4、IL-6、IL-10水平均高于正常人（P〈0．01）；中晚期小细胞癌、鳞癌、腺癌患者外周血CD4^＋细胞表达IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10各组间无差异（P〉0．05）；中晚期肺癌患者外周血Th1／Th2（yγ／4）低于正常人（P〈0．01）。结论 肺癌患者体内以Th2型细胞占优势状态，不同病理类型的肺癌Th1、Th2细胞因子间无显著性差异，血清与Th1细胞表达的TNF-α的比值可能对判断预后有一定意义。     

卡介菌多糖核酸对尖锐湿疣患者外周血T细胞亚群及其细胞因子表达的影响

目的 研究卡介菌多糖核酸（BCG-PSN）对尖锐湿疣（CA）患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及胞内细胞因子表达的影响，探讨BCG-PSN对尖锐湿疣可能的免疫调节机制。方法 采用三色和双色荧光抗体染色技术经流式细胞仪检测18例CA患者在BCG-PSN治疗前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及CD4^＋T细胞、CD8^＋T细胞内IL-2、IL-4、IL-12、IFN-γ染色阳性细胞百分率。结果 在BCG-PSN治疗前，CA患者CD3^＋T细胞、CD4^＋T细胞、CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值明显低于对照组（均P〈O．01），CD4^＋T细胞和CD8^＋T细胞内IL-2、IL-12、IFN-γ阳性细胞百分率较对照组明显下降（均P〈0．01），IL-4阳性细胞百分率与对照组比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）；而治疗后CA患者CD3^＋T细胞、CD4^＋T细胞、CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值明显高于治疗前（均P〈O．01）；CD4^＋T细胞和CD8^＋T细胞内IL-2、IL-12、IFN-γ阳性细胞百分率较治疗前升高（均P〈0．01）。结论 BCG-PSN可通过调节尖锐湿疣患者T细胞亚群，纠正患者Th1／Th2模式及Tc1／Tc2模式失衡现象，起到治疗尖锐湿疣的作用。     

卡介菌多糖核酸对尖锐湿疣患者外周血CD4+T细胞细胞因子表达的调节

目的研究卡介菌多糖核酸（BCG-PSN）对尖锐湿疣（CA）患者外周血CD4^＋T细胞IL-2、IL-4、IL-12，IFN-γ表达的调节作用。方法采用流式细胞仪检测了20例正常对照者和60例CA患者（BCG-PSN组40例，激光术后加用BCG-PSN；病例对照组20例，激光术后未加用BCG-PSN）治疗前后外周血CD4^＋T细胞IL-2、IL-4、IL-12、IFN-γ表达水平。结果治疗前CA患者外周血IL-2、IL-12和IFN-γ阳性CD4^＋T细胞百分率较正常对照组均显著下降（P〈0．01），且Th1／Th2平衡失调（P〈0．01）。治疗后BCG-PSN组患者外周血IL-2、IL-12和IFN-γ阳性CD4^＋T细胞百分率显著升高（P〈0．01），Th1／Th2恢复平衡。病例对照组IL-2、IL-12和IFN-γ阳性CD4^＋T细胞百分率于治疗前后差异均无显著性意义（P〉0．05）；临床观察证实BCG-PSN能够显著提高CA临床治愈率，降低CA的复发率。结论CA患者存在Th1／Th2失调；BCG-PSN通过上调外周血CD4^＋T细胞IL-2、IL-12、IFN-γ的表达，纠正机体细胞因子失调而改善患者的细胞免疫功能，以提高其临床疗效和控制复发。     

毛细支气管炎患儿外周血T细胞亚群Th1/Th2及相关细胞因子的变化

目的探讨毛细支气管炎患儿外周血T细胞亚群与Th1／Th2免疫变化。方法流式细胞仪检测32例毛细支气管炎患儿、16例支气管哮喘患儿及20例健康儿童外周血T细胞亚群;ELISA法检测以上儿童血清IFN-γ（ng／L）、IL-4（ng／L）。结果毛细支气管炎组CD4^＋百分率略高于对照组,CD8^＋百分率略低于对照组,但两组间均无显著差异（P〉0．05）。而CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值则明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。哮喘组CD4^＋百分率高于对照组,CD8^＋百分率低于对照组,两组间有显著差异（P〈0．05）,且CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。毛细支气管炎组、哮喘组与对照组IFN-γ、IL-4、IFN-γ／IL-4水平变化差异显著（P〈0．05）。哮喘组IL-4水平略高于毛细支气管炎组（P〉0．05）。毛细支气管炎组IFN-γ水平低于哮喘组,有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论毛细支气管炎和哮喘患儿均存在细胞免疫失调,以Th2型细胞占优势。     

口腔扁平苔藓患者细胞免疫功能的研究

目的：探讨口腔扁平苔藓（0LP）患者外周血细胞免疫功能状态。方法：采用流式细胞仪检测外周血T细胞亚群和NK细胞百分比．ELISA法检测血清中细胞因子水平变化。结果：OLP组外周血中除CD8^＋细胞外，余CD3^＋、CD4^＋和CD56^＋细胞（NK细胞）的比例均明显低于对照组（P〈O．01），OLP组血清中IL-12产生水平明显低于对照组（P〈0．01），而IL-10的产生水平明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：OLP患者存在细胞免疫功能缺陷，临床治疗须掳高OLP患者的细胞免疫功能。     

济宁市不孕患者抗精子抗体的检测

目的：探讨抗精子抗体（AsAb)与不育症的关系。方法：用ELISA法对136例不孕患者进行了AsAb的检测。结果：52例原发不孕患者血清中AsAb6例阳性（11．5％）。84例多次流产不孕患者血清中AsAb 28例阳性（33．3％）。与原发不孕组相比，差异显著（P＜0．05）。28例正常已婚育龄妇女血清中AsAb 1例阳性（3．6％），与流产后不孕组相比，血清中AsAb差异非常显著（P＜0．01）。结论：抗精子抗体的产生可能是引起不孕或流产的重要原因，应重视不育症患者抗精子抗体检测。     

SLE患者外周血调节性T细胞与IL-10,TGF—β1的检测

目的：研究SLE患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞（regulation T cells，Tr细胞）及相关细胞因子的变化，分析它们在SLE发病机制中的作用。方法：收集SLE患者及健康对照组外周抗凝静脉血，分离纯化T淋巴细胞。PE标记的抗CD4单抗，FITC标记的抗CD25单抗，作双色流式细胞术，分析SLE患者外周血CD4＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞百分率，ELISA法检测调节性T细胞相关细胞因子的表达。结果：SLE患者外周血Tr细胞的数量明显低于正常对照组[（2．83±1．05）％vs（5．07±0．59）％，P〈0．05]；患者血清中IL-10、TGF—β1的含量均低于正常对照组，差异有显著性[IL-10：（29．48±13．69）pg／mlvs（43．10±14．95）pg／ml；TGF—β1：（170．04±91．58）pg／mlvs（254．75±130．41）pg／ml，P〈0．05]。患者外周血Tr细胞的比例与血清中IL-10、TGF—β1的含量呈正相关（r1=0．53，r2=0．64，P〈0．05）。结论：SLE患者外周血存在细胞免疫功能失调，CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞数量与功能状态发生改变，T淋巴细胞耐受机制的破坏可能与SLE的免疫学发病机制有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.