文拉法辛缓释剂治疗躯体形式疼痛障碍疗效观察

目的探讨文拉法辛缓释剂治疗躯体形式疼痛障碍的疗效及不良反应。方法将67例躯体形式疼痛障碍患者随机分成文拉法辛缓释片纽和多塞平组,分别治疗6周。采用医学结局研究用疼痛量表（MOSPM）、Hamilton抑郁量表（HAMD）、焦虑量表（HAMA）及副反应量表（TESS）评定疗效及不良反应。结果文拉法辛缓释片组和多塞平组有效率分别为68．6％、71．9％,两组比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。治疗后6周末文拉法辛缓释片组和多塞平组MOSPM、HAMD及HAMA评分与治疗前比较均有极显著性差异（P〈0．01）,但文拉法辛缓释片组在治疗1周末MOSPM评分就明显下降,与治疗前比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,且文拉法辛缓释片组药物副反应少而轻,多塞平组抗胆碱方面副作用明显。结论文拉法辛缓释片治疗躯体形式疼痛障碍疗效显著,不良反应轻,依从性好。     

帕罗西汀联合生物反馈仪治疗躯体形式障碍对照研究

目的观察帕罗西汀联合生物反馈仅治疗躯体形式障碍的临床疗效。方法69例躯体形式障碍患者随机分为研究组（帕罗西汀联合生物反馈仪治疗）和对照组（单用帕罗西汀治疗）;于治疗前及治疗后第2、4、6周末用症状自评量表（SCL-90）和汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）分评定疗效;Asberg氏抗抑郁药副反应量表（SERS）评定不良反应。结果治疗后两组SCL-90躯体化、抑郁、焦虑因子分、HAMA总分较治疗前明显减少,两组间差异比较有统计学显著性意义（P〈0．01）;第2周末、第4周末,研究组SCL-90中躯体化、抑郁、焦虑因子分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;第2周末开始研究组HAMA总分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;两组各时期SERS评分比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论帕罗西汀联合生物反馈仪治疗躯体形式障碍。起效更快,疗效更为显著,不增加不良反应。     

躯体化障碍与以躯体症状为主诉的抑郁症个性、躯体主诉、生活质量比较

目的探讨躯体化障碍与以躯体症状为主诉的抑郁症患者个性、躯体主诉、生活质量差异。方法对30例躯体化障碍和30例以躯体症状为主诉的抑郁症患者分别采用自编躯体症状主诉频数表,艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）、健康状况调查问卷（SF-36）等进行评定,对影响生活质量的某些因素进行多元回归分析。结果两组躯体主诉无显著性差异（P〉0．0．5）;躯体化障碍组E分显著低于抑郁症组,N分显著高于抑郁症组（P〈0．05）;两组HAMD总分无差异（P〉0．05）,躯体化障碍组焦虑／躯体化及认知障碍因子分显著高于抑郁症（P〈0．05）,躯体化障碍的HAMA总分及躯体性焦虑分显著高于抑郁症组（P〈0．05）;躯体化障碍组生理机能、生理职能、躯体疼痛分量表评分均显著低于抑郁症组（P〈0．05）;多元回归分析结果,影响两组患者生活质量的主要因素依次为HAMD总分、HAMA总分、EPQ精神质因子、病程。结论躯体化障碍与以躯体症状为主诉的抑郁症患者在个性、HAMA总分、躯体焦虑因子分、生活质量方面有差异,两者的个性、疾病严重程度、病程为影响生活质量的重要因素。     

舍曲林与阿米替林治疗躯体形式障碍的对照研究

目的比较舍曲林与阿米替林治疗躯体形式障碍的疗效及安全性。方法将88例躯体形式障碍患者随机分为舍曲林组46例，阿米替林组42例，疗程6周。于治疗前及治疗第2、4、6周末采用HAMD、HAMA评定临床疗效，TESS评定不良反应。结果治疗2、4、6周末，两组HAMD、HAMA总分与治疗前比较均有极显著性下降（P〈0．01），但同期两组间比较均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）。两组在治疗期间TESS总分比较有极显著性差异（P均〈0．01），不良反应发生率舍曲林组明显低于阿米替林组，且程度轻，其有显著或极显著性差异（P〈0．05或0．01）。结论两药治疗躯体形式障碍疗效相当，但舍曲林的安全性明显较阿米替林高，依从性好。     

文拉法辛合并小剂量舒必利治疗抑郁障碍的对照研究

目的探讨用文拉法辛并小量舒必利治疗抑郁障碍的疗效与副反应。方法将32例单相抑郁患者和32例双相障碍抑郁患者分别随机分成2组，分别接受文拉法辛合并小剂量舒必利治疗（研究组）及单用文拉法辛治疗（对照组），共治疗6用。用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）及犬体评定量表（CGI—CI）评估疗效，用副反应量表（TESS）评估治疗不良反应。结果在单相抑郁患者中，研究组在第2、4、6周末的HAMD、HAMA和CGI评分均显著少于对照组，且均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。在双相障碍抑郁患者中，研究组在第2、4、6周末的HAMD、HAMA和CGI评分均显著少于对照组，且均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。研究组与对照组在不良反应方面比较无显著性差异（P〉O．05）。结论文拉法辛合并小量舒必利治疗单相抑郁或双相障碍抑郁患者具有疗效好，起效快，副反应较少特点。     

度洛西汀、米氮平、帕罗西汀与阿米替林治疗伴躯体症状抑郁症的对照研究

目的探讨度洛西汀、米氮平、帕罗西汀与阿米替林治疗伴躯体症状抑郁症的疗效和安全性。方法将符合国际疾病分类第10版（ICD一10）诊断标准的伴躯体症状的抑郁症患者117例,随机分为4组,分别给予度洛西汀、米氮平、帕罗西汀与阿米替林治疗,疗程8周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）和副反应量表（TESS）评定疗效及不良反应。结果4组药物均能迅速起效,第2周末HAMD、HAMA评分较治疗前差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,治疗8周后,4组闯疗效无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,4组HAMD、HAMA评分较治疗前有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,4个治疗组不良反应有统计学意义（P．〈0．01）。结论治疗伴躯体症状的抑郁症,四药总体疗效相似,均起效较快,度洛西汀、米氮平和帕罗西汀不良反应相对少,依从性好。提示四种药物均为治疗伴躯体症状的抑郁症一线药物,度洛西汀、米氮平和帕罗西汀值得临床推广。     

文拉法辛缓释剂与氟西汀治疗老年抑郁症首次发病患者的对照研究

目的探讨文拉法辛缓释剂治疗老年抑郁症首次发病（以下简称首发）患者的有效性及安全性。方法采用随机、单盲对照法，将64例年龄大于60岁的抑郁症首发患者分为文拉法辛组[（75～150）mg／d]和氟西汀组[（20～40）mg／d]，疗程均为8周。治疗前后以汉密尔顿抑郁量表（17项，HAMD）评估疗效；记录不良反应及实验室情况。结果实际完成观察63例，其中文拉法辛组31例，氟西汀组32例。治疗第2周末，文拉法辛组的HAMD总分较治疗前明显下降（P〈0．01），减分率高于氟西汀组（t=3．120，P〈0．05）。氟西汀组HAMD总分在治疗第4周末较治疗前明显下降（P〈0．01）。治疗第2，4周末，文拉法辛组有效率分别为16％和55％，氟西汀组分别为3％和25％，组间差异均有统计学意义（χ^2=9．828，P〈0．01；χ^2=18．748，P〈0．01）。治疗第6，8周末，文拉法辛组治愈率分别为39％和61％，氟西汀组分别为22％和47％，组间差异均有统计学意义（χ^2=6．817，P〈0．01；χ^2=3．945，P〈0．05）；而两组有效率的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组患者出现药物不良反应者各9例（分别占29％和28％），差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0．221，P〉0．05）。结论文拉法辛缓释剂治疗老年首发抑郁症患者起效较快、安全、疗效肯定，治疗第6，8周末时的治愈率高于氟西汀。     

舍曲林合并奥氮平治疗躯体形式障碍的临床对照研究

目的观察舍曲林合并奥氮平治疗躯体形式障碍的临床疗效特点。方法将符合入组标准的75例患者随机分为舍曲林合并奥氮平组（研究组）与舍曲林组（对照组），均进行6周系统治疗和观察，分别于治疗前、治疗后第1、2、4、6周末采用汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）总评分及其焦虑／躯体化因子和睡眠因子评分加以评定疗效。结果两组HAMD总分在疗后第1、2、6周末有显著性差异（P〈0．05），在疗后第4周末有极显著差异（P〈0.01）；在HAMD因子方面，两组焦虑／躯体化评分在疗后第1、2周末有极显著差异（P〈0．01），在疗后第4周末有显著差异（P〈0．05）；睡眠障碍评分在疗后第1、2、4周末有极显著差异（P〈0．01），在第6周末有显著差异（p〈0．05）。两组显效率在疗后第1、2、4周末有极显著性差异（P〈0．01），在疗后第6周末有显著差异（P〈0．05）。两组患者总体副反应发生率无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论舍曲林合并小剂量奥氮平治疗躯体形式障碍不仅起效较快，能迅速改善睡眠及焦虑／躯体化症状，而且明显提高疗效和患者的治疗依从性，却又并不明显增加药物副反应，因此推荐该方法临床试用。     

电针结合文拉法辛对抑郁症患者抑郁症状及睡眠改善作用的对照研究

目的观察电针结合文拉法辛对抑郁症患者抑郁症状及睡眠的改善作用。方法将40例抑郁患者随机分为对照组和研究组,各20例。对照组给予文拉法辛治疗,研究组给予电针结合文拉法辛治疗,共观察2周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评定疗效,多导睡眠检测睡眠状况,并使用不良反应量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果电针结合文拉法辛组显效率为65％,对照组显效率为60％,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;电针结合文拉法辛组第1周末与单纯文拉法辛治疗组HAMD评分比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;电针结合文拉法辛组对睡眠的改善作用优于单纯文拉法辛治疗组（P〈0．05）;电针结合文拉法辛组不良反应发生率为39．2％,对照组为37．1％,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论电针结合文拉法辛与单纯文拉法辛治疗抑郁症疗效相当,不良反应相似,但是起效较单纯使用文拉法辛快,而且对睡眠状况改善更好。     

奥氮平对难治性抑郁症的辅助治疗作用

目的：观察奥氮平联合文拉法辛治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效和不良反应。方法：将92例难治性抑郁症患者随机分成两组，合用组为奥氮平联合文拉法辛，单用组为单用文拉法辛，疗程6周。以汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评定临床疗效；以治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果：治疗后两组HAMD和HAMA的评分均显著降低（P〈0．01），以合用组疗效显著（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论：奥氮平联合文拉法辛治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效优于单用文拉法辛，耐受性好。     

高血压脑出血的显微外科治疗进展

高血压脑出血（Hypertensive intrac-rebral hemorrhage,HICH）是具有高发病率、高病死率、高致残率的急性脑血管疾病,占所有脑卒中患者的10%-20%,早期病死率可高达49.4%。随着人口老龄化,其发病率逐年提高;而外科手术的干预,使其病死率有所下降,但致残率居高不下。如何提高手术疗效和患者生存质量,一直是神经外科医师努力的方向。微侵袭血肿清除术因其手术创伤小,恢复快,是目前国内治疗高血压脑出血的重要手段。     

Environmental factors in the development and progression of late-onset Alzheimer＇s disease

Late-onset Alzheimer＇s disease （LOAD） is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gradual loss of synapses and neurons, but its pathogenesis remains to be clarified. Neurons live in an environment constituted by neurons themselves and glial cells. In this review, we propose that the neuronal degeneration in the AD brain is partially caused by diverse environmental factors. We first discuss various environmental stresses and the corresponding responses at different levels. Then we propose some mechanisms underlying the specific pathological changes, in particular, hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis dysfunction at the systemic level; cerebrovascular dysfunction, metal toxicity, glial activation, and Aβ toxicity at the intercellular level; and kinase-phosphatase imbalance and epigenetic modification at the intracellular level. Finally, we discuss the possibility of developing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of LOAD from the perspective of environmental stress. We conclude that environmental factors play a significant role in the development of LOAD through multiple pathological mechanisms.     

神经内镜联合亚低温治疗高血压基底节区脑出血

目的 探讨神经内镜联合亚低温在治疗高血压基底节区脑出血中的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析我院神经内镜治疗高血压基底节区脑出血患者40例的临床资料,并对治疗结果进行分析.结果 神经内镜治疗组22例(甲组),神经内镜联合亚低温治疗组18例(乙组),术后3个月根据GCS评分,甲组恢复良好1例,中残4例,重残6例,植物生存6例,死亡5例;乙组恢复良好4例,中残8例,重残3例,植物生存1例,死亡2例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组颅内压比较第1天两者差异不明显,但第2、3天亚低温组颅内压明显降低.结论 神经内镜是治疗高血压基底节区脑出血较为有效的手术方式,联合亚低温治疗能有效降低颅内压,改善术后神经功能恢复,具有较好的临床应用价值.     

躯体形式障碍与家庭环境和功能的关系

躯体形式障碍是一类以各种躯体症状为主要临床表现的神经症,其发病与社会心理因素关系密切,家庭因素是其中重要的因素之一.本文从家庭环境和家庭功能两方面加以综述,探讨躯体形式障碍和家庭因素之间的关系.     

Tissue with high intelligence quotient Adipose-derived stem cells in neural regeneration

The aim of the present review is to highlight the possible neuroregenerative potential ol adipose-derived stem cells. The key property of stem cells is plasticity including self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and migration, whereas the required property is transplantability. For a long time, embryonic stem cells were thought to be the only source of pluripotency, a dogma that has been challenged during the last decade. Today, an alternative option might be adipose-derived stem cells, as easily accessible, ethical and autologous cellular source. Recent knowledge of adipobiology increasingly recognizes that adipose tissue is the major endo- and paracrine organ of the human body. Likewise, numerous neuropetides, neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitters, hypothalamic and steroid hormones and their receptors are shared by adipose tissue and brain. Accordingly, the regenerative potential of neuroprotective factor-secreting adipose-derived stem cells is outlined. Whether the possible benefits of adipose stem cell-based therapy may be mediated via cell transdifferentiation and/or paracrine mechanisms remains to further be evaluated.     

头痛 呕吐伴意识不清简

病历摘要 患者男性,48岁。主因突发头痛、呕吐伴意识不清18h,于2013年4月21日入院。入院前18h无明显诱因突发头痛,呈全脑爆发性剧痛,伴非喷射状呕吐,呕吐物为胃内容物和暗红色血性液体。发病后意识状态呈渐进性下降,至入院前2h处于昏迷状态,呼之不应,刺激四肢无反应。病程中无双眼凝视、口角歪斜、肢体抽搐等症状。     

Edema and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus and cortex of elderly rats following transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

BACKGROUND： Previous studies of cerebral ischemia have used young animals, with an ischemic time greater than 5 minutes （safe time limit）. Despite an increased understanding of neuronal apoptosis, it remains uncertain whether brief cerebral ischemic events of 5 minutes or less damage brain tissue in elderly rodents. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of transient cerebral ischemia （5 minutes）/reperfusion injury on brain cortical and hippocampal edema, aquaporin-4 （AQP-4） expression, and neuronal apoptosis in aged rats, and to compare ischemic sensitivity between cortex and hippocampus. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, Qingdao University Medical School from April 2008 to March 2009. MATERIALS： Rabbit anti-AQP-4 polyclonal antibody, TUNEL kit, and SABC immunohistochemistry kit were purchased from Wuhan Boster Bioengineering, China. METHODS： A total of 160 healthy, male, aged 19-21 months, Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups： sham-surgery, and ischemia 1-, 3-, and 5-minute groups, with 40 rats in each group. The global cerebral ischemia model was established using the Pusinelli four-vessel occlusion, and the three cerebral ischemia groups were subdivided into reperfusion 12-hour, 1-, 2-, 3-, and 7-day subgroups, with 8 rats in each subgroup. The sham-surgery group was subjected to exposure of the first cervical bilateral alar foramina and bilateral common carotid arteries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The dry-wet weight assay was used to measure brain water content and histopathology of the cortex and hippocampus was observed following hematoxylin-eosin staining. In addition, cortical and hippocampal AQP-4 expression was detected by streptavidin-biotin complex immunohistochemistry, and neuronal apoptosis was detected by the TUNEL method. RESULTS： There was no significant difference in brain water content or AQP-4 expression in the cortex and hippocampus between ischemia 1- and 3-minute groups and the sham-surgery group or brain water content or AQP-4 expression in the cortex between ischemia 5-minute group and sham-surgery group （P 〉 0.05）. However, brain water content and AQP-4 expression in the hippocampus after 5 minutes of cerebral ischemia were significantly increased compared with the sham-surgery group （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）. Several TUNEL-positive cells were observed in the cortex and hippocampus of the sham-surgery group and ischemia 1-minute group, as well as in the cortex of the ischemia 3-minute group. In addition, the number of apoptotic neurons in the hippocampus of ischemia 3-minute group and in the cortex and hippocampus of ischemia 5-minute group was significantly increased （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. Neuronal apoptosis was increased after 12 hours of ischemia/reperfusion, and it reached a peak by 2 days （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Transient cerebral ischemia （5 minutes） resulted in increased hippocampal edema, AQP-4 expression, and neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, cerebral ischemia had a greater effect on neuronal apoptosis than brain edema or AQP-4 expression, and the hippocampus was more sensitive than the cortex.     

云南省楚雄市彝族非综合征性感音神经性耳聋人群GJB2基因突变的研究

目的针对昆明市就诊聋儿进行民族流行病学调查，基本掌握云南省感音神经性聋儿民族分布情况，从中研究云南省楚雄市彝族自治州遗传性非综合征性感音神经性耳聋人群中GJB2基因的突变位点、突变频率。方法针对云南省楚雄州特殊教育学校的学生进行调查测试，选取出22名彝族非综合征性感音神经性耳聋患儿为研究组。对照组为汉族及彝族正常人群各25名、汉族非综合征性感音神经性耳聋患者15名，提取基因组DNA，进行GJB2基因PCR扩增，通过产物测序，检测GJB2基因突变。结果79G—A突变在彝族耳聋人群比例为3／22（13．7％）；彝族正常组未见突变；汉族耳聋人群分布则比例较高4／15（26．7％），汉族正常对照组也检测出79G～A的杂合突变2／25（8％）。发现一种新突变形式56G～T，19位丝氨酸（Ser）转变为异亮氨酸（Ile）。结论在彝族非综合征性感音神经性耳聋人群中发现一个新的突变形式56G—T。     

Effects of p75 neurotrophin receptor knockout on axonal regeneration in a mouse model of facial nerve injury

BACKGROUND： Previous studies have shown that p75 neurotrophin receptor plays an important role in peripheral nerve injury. However, the role of p75 neurotrophin receptor in the regeneration of peripheral nerves remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE： To study the effect of p75 neurotrophin receptor on facial nerve regeneration. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized controlled experiment was performed in the Regeneration Laboratory of Flinders University, Australia and the Biomedical Laboratory of Dentistry School, Shandong University from March 2005 to February 2006. MATERIALS： Cholera toxin B subunit, fast blue, and biotin rabbit-anti goat IgG were provided by Sigma, USA; goat-anti choleratoxin B subunit ant/body was provided by List Biologicals, USA. METHODS： In p75 neurotrophin receptor knockout and wild type 129/sv mice, the facial nerves on one side were crushed. At days 2 and 4 following injury, regenerating motor neurons in the facial nuclei were labeled by fast blue, and the regenerating axon was labeled by the anterograde tracer choleratoxin B subunit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Axonal regenerative velocity and number were detected by immunohistochemical staining of choleratoxin B subunit, growth-associated protein, protein gene product 9.5, and calcitonin-gene-related peptide; survival of motor neurons in the facial nuclei was detected by retrograde fast blue. RESULTS： Axonal growth in the facial nerve of p75 neurotrophin receptor knockout mice was significantly less than in wild type mice. At day 7 after injury, the number of regenerating motor neurons in p75 neurotrophin receptor knockout mice remained significantly less than in wild type mice （P 〈 0.05）. The number of positively stained fibers for growth-associated protein-43, protein gene product 9.5, and calcitonin-gene-related peptide in p75 neurotrophin receptor knockout mice was significantly less than in wild type mice （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： p75 neurotrophin receptor promoted axonal regeneration and enhanced the survival rate of motor neurons following facial nerve injury.