男性乳腺癌与男性乳房发育症的鉴别及相关研究进展

男性乳房病变可以呈现不同的形式,以男性乳腺癌和男性乳房发育症最常见。近年来,二者的发病率均呈上升趋势。男性乳腺癌与男性乳房发育症不是一类病,但是在临床上很容易引起混淆。男性乳房发育症,尤其是老年性男性乳房发育症,其发病年龄、病因及临床表现与男性乳腺癌相似,容易发生误诊,有必要对其进行鉴别。作者综述近年来男性乳腺癌和男性乳房发育症的流行病学、病因、诊断及治疗方面的研究进展,旨在为临床提供参考。     

男性乳腺发育和乳腺癌与血清E2和ER及PR关系的临床研究

目的:研究男性乳腺发育、乳腺癌与雌激素水平、雌激素受体(ER)及孕激素受体(PR)之间的关系,探讨男性乳腺发育、乳腺癌患者病因及其临床治疗。方法:用放射免疫检测法测定了35例男性乳腺发育和20例正常献血员血清雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T);用免疫组织化学SP法测定了35例男性乳腺发育、8例乳腺癌患者乳腺切除标本的ER和PR。结果:男性乳腺发育患者血清E2明显高于正常对照组(P=0·023),而T值两组差异无统计学意义;男性乳腺发育(77·1%、71·4%)、乳腺癌患者(87·5%、75·0%)病理标本ER、PR阳性率均较高。结论:男性乳腺发育、乳腺癌与体内E2水平及乳腺ER、PR相关,可能是机体环境中较高的雌激素及其相关激素一起与局部乳腺ER、PR相互作用,诱发男性乳腺发育,进而可能发展为乳腺癌;ER阻滞剂及降低雌激素水平的芳香化酶抑制剂可用于临床治疗男性乳腺发育和乳腺癌。     

儿童腹膜后巨大畸胎瘤一例

畸胎瘤是由3种原始胚层(内胚层、中胚层和外胚层)的胚细胞异常发育形成的胚胎性肿瘤 [1-2], 通常被分为性腺来源及非性腺来源,好发于轴前、正中和旁正中(如睾丸、卵巢、骶尾部、纵隔、后腹膜和颅内)[3-5].其中婴幼儿以中线及其两旁多见,而年长儿好发于睾丸及卵巢.腹膜后的畸胎瘤占全部畸胎瘤的仅10％,巨大畸胎瘤更为少见...     

产甲胎蛋白胃癌（附三例报告）

产甲胎蛋白胃癌（附三例报告）浙江省瑞安市人民医院内科（３２５２００）陈扬弟甲胎蛋白（ＡＦＰ）早已作为肝细胞癌和生殖道肿瘤的诊断指标。近年来发现其它内胚层肿瘤如胃肠道癌、胰腺癌、胆囊癌、乳腺癌等均可产生ＡＦＰ。并以胃癌最常见，被认为是一种特殊类型胃癌，...     

分化型胚胎软骨发育基因1与乳腺癌关系的研究进展

分化型胚胎软骨发育基因1参与乳腺癌的发生发展，并与其侵袭性关系密切。本文就分化型胚胎软骨发育基因1的过表达与乳腺癌进程之间多方面的联系加以综述。     

甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白调控乳腺发育和乳腺癌骨转移的研究进展

摘 要：甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白(parathyroid hormone-related protein,PTHrP),又称甲状旁腺激素类似激素(parathyroid hormone-like hormone,PTHLH),表达于乳腺肌上皮细胞和管腔上皮细胞,是乳腺发育和生物学行为所必需的。该文综述了PTHrP对乳腺发育的影响,PTHrP在早期乳腺癌和乳腺癌骨转移中的不同作用,以及中医药对PTHrP的调控,可为临床治疗乳腺癌骨转移提供新思路。     

雄激素在乳腺发育和乳腺癌发生发展中作用的研究进展

一系列的临床前期和临床期研究表明,雄激素与雄激素受体的异常与正常乳腺细胞及乳腺癌细胞的增殖均密切相关。在乳腺上皮细胞增殖的各个周期和乳汁中均可检测到雄激素。雄激素经由其受体介导所涉及的机制在正常乳腺细胞的增殖和乳腺癌细胞的侵袭演进中也起着极其重要的作用。本文就雄激素及其受体的基因、蛋白结构和其在乳腺发育,乳腺癌形成中可能的机制加以综述,为乳腺发育和乳腺癌研究提供一定的理论依据。     

雄激素在乳腺发育和乳腺癌发生发展中作用的研究进展

一系列的临床前期和临床期研究表明,雄激素与雄激素受体的异常与正常乳腺细胞及乳腺癌细胞的增殖均密切相关。在乳腺上皮细胞增殖的各个周期和乳汁中均可检测到雄激素。雄激素经由其受体介导所涉及的机制在正常乳腺细胞的增殖和乳腺癌细胞的侵袭演进中也起着极其重要的作用。本文就雄激素及其受体的基因、蛋白结构和其在乳腺发育,乳腺癌形成中可能的机制加以综述,为乳腺发育和乳腺癌研究提供一定的理论依据。     

国产癌胚抗原(CEA)放射免疫分析应用于大肠癌的临床意义

癌胚抗原(CEA)是一种具有人类胚胎抗原决定簇的酸性糖蛋白。它存在于胎儿肠道和由内胚层细胞分化而来的肿瘤细胞膜上。1965年Gold等首先提出CEA存在于胎儿和人的结肠癌中,1969年Thompson提出放射免疫分析(RIA)能测出极微量的CEA,并且应用于大肠癌临床。但以后许多研究均证实CEA对大肠癌并无特异性,其他消化系恶性肿瘤和乳腺癌、支气管癌、前     

男性乳腺癌的X线诊断及鉴别诊断

男性乳腺癌临床少见，关于男性乳腺癌的Ｘ线征象文献报道甚少。我们近年来收集了５例男性乳腺癌及１４例男性乳腺发育症，就其Ｘ线诊断及鉴别诊断分析报道如下。１资料与方法本组病例男性乳腺良恶性病变共计１９例，其中１４例男性乳腺发育症经临床药物治疗好转，其余５例...     

载体对癌胚抗原DNA疫苗在小鼠体内表达CEA及诱导体液免疫应答的影响

目的　比较用pcDNA3和pCI-neo做载体构建的癌胚抗原 (CEA)真核表达质粒在小鼠体内表达CEA及诱导体液免疫应答的差别。方法　将两套重组质粒分别肌注BABL/c小鼠 ,ELISA法检测二者在小鼠体内表达CEA及抗 -CEA水平。结果　以pCI -CEA免疫的小鼠体内表达CEA量高于pcDNA3-CEA组 ,二者OD值分别为 0 65和 0 35 ;抗体量的表达前者OD值为 0 89,后者为0 70 ,比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　表达载体的结构对抗原的表达及抗体的产生具有重要作用     

CEA-重组痘苗病毒对CEA阳性肿瘤疗效的实验研究

目的:为探讨CEA-重组痘苗病毒对CEA阳性肿瘤的治疗作用.方法:构建CEA阳性小鼠Hepa肝癌细胞模型(Hepa-CEA);对4组实验鼠进行颈背部皮下注射CEA阳性或CEA阴性同源鼠Hepa肝癌细胞,再接种痘苗病毒(野生型W-VV或重组型CEA-rV)3次:观察动物反应,并在接种癌细胞后每周测量一次皮下肿瘤大小.结果:4组实验鼠颈背部皮下均可见瘤块形成,但3个对照组肿瘤生长迅速,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而接种Hepa-CEA/CEA-rV组小鼠皮下肿瘤生长缓慢,瘤块较小,与3个对照组比较有统计学上的显著差异(P<0.01),整个实验过程中接种鼠未表现有毒副反应,结论:CEA-rV可能通过诱导机体免疫系统产生CEA特异性的细胞或体液免疫应答反应,对CEA阳性肿瘤的生长明显产生抑制作用.     

Relationship among CEA expression in tumor,CEA serum level and radioimmunoguided surgery in colorectal cancer

Current chemotherapeutic agents offer <20% of survival benefits, and surgery still plays an important role in treating colorectal cancer[1]. Although more than two-thirds of patients are candidates for curative surgery, local recurrence occurs in as many as 40% after curative resection[2]. Consequently, a diagnostic tool to enable accurate tumor localization is urgently needed to allow precise and complete removal. Radioimmunoguided surgery (RIGS), originally designed by Aitken, et al.[3], i…     

CEA levels and prognosis in colon carcinoma

This is a report of the post-operative follow-up of CEA titers in 16 patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Our results differ from those previously reported in several respects. First, we rarely observed the return of elevated pre-operative CEA levels to normal within 14 days of curative resection. Second, we have found that CEA levels may be elevated for as long as 3 months in patients clinically free of disease before returning to normal. Third, some patients may maintain elevated CEA titers for 6 months following potentially curative resection without clinical evidence of disease. Finally, we have advanced a tentative hypothesis based on immunologic suppression of residual tumor growth to explain the discrepancy between our findings and those reported by others. These data suggest that failure to detect an early decline in CEA levels to normal may not imply a poor prognosis.     

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA): comparison of the Farr and solid-phase methods for detection of CEA

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was detected in 180 preoperative malignant serum samples, or from the first benign serum sample if more than one sample was taken by the Farr assay using reagents provided by the Montreal laboratory of Gold and Freedman and in 148 plasma and 178 serum samples by a solid-phase assay using reagents provided by the Cancer Diagnostic Laboratory of Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc. Disposable, polystyrene tubes were coated with anti-CEAγG in the solid-phase assay. These were then used along with ¹²⁵I-CEA to construct an antibody dilution curve, standard inhibition curve and to test plasma or serum samples directly for CEA. In general, levels of CEA were higher for all diagnostic categories by the Farr assay than by the solid-phase assay. For CEA levels greater than 10 ng/ml, samples from colorectal cancer patients were clearly separable from other samples by both techniques. Thus, levels greater than 10 ng/ml were found by the Farr and solid-phase assays done on serum and by the solid-phase assay done on plasma respectively in 39%, 23% and 13% of patients with colorectal cancer, and in 14%, 4.5% and 1% of patients with other diseases. Aliquots from 123 blood samples were tested by both the Farr and the solid-phase assays. Serum was studied in all 123 by the Farr assay. Fifty-seven of the solid-phase assays were done on serum and the remaining 66 were done on plasma. The results showed good agreement (77% overall) for the two assays when serum results were considered, but lesser agreement (59% overall) when serum results by the Farr assay were compared with plasma results by solid-phase. The serum/plasma disagreement noted between the Farr and solid-phase assays was largely found in samples from patients with colorectal cancer (45% agreement), and appeared to be due mainly to samples from patients with Duke's A or B colonic cancer. Antibody dilution and standard inhibition curves done using reagents from the two laboratories in both the Farr and solid-phase assays indicated that the CEA from Montreal detects antibody sites on both anti-CEA preparations which are not available to the CEA from Roche. Further, the unlabelled CEA from Roche appears to be more similar antigenically to the Montreal ¹²⁵I-CEA than unlabelled Montreal CEA itself. This suggests that iodination of CEA may have altered the anti-genie character of the molecule. It is suggested that this alteration, as well as the use of CEA preparations of higher specific activity than those used initially, might account, at least in part, for the apparent loss of specificity of recent “CEA tests” for colorectal cancer as compared to the earlier report from Thomson and colleagues.     

CEA mRNA 、CEA和CA19-9检测在良、恶性胸水诊断中的应用

目的：研究检测癌胚抗原信使核糖核酸（CEA mRNA）、癌胚抗原（CEA）和糖链蛋白抗原19－9（CA19－9）水平在诊断与鉴别诊断良、恶性胸水中的应用价值。方法：恶性胸水组76人，良性胸水组58例，采集胸水，应用反转录套式聚合酶链反应（RT－NP－PCR）技术检测CEA mRNA，磁分离酶免疫技术（MAIA）检测CEA和CA19－9。结果：CEA mRNA、CEA和CA19－9的阳性率，恶性胸水组分别为78.9%（60／76）、52.6%（40／76）和55.3%（42／76），良笥胸水组分别为8.6%（5／58）、5.2%(3/58)和3.4%（2／58），良、恶性胸水组各 示阳性结果的差异均具有显著性（P＜0.001）。检测CEA mRNA、CEA和CA19－9水平诊断恶性胸水的特异性分别为91.4%、94.8%和96.6%，敏感性分别为78.9%、52.6%和55.3%。三个指标联检的特异性为90.8%、敏感性为82.8%。结论：CEA mRNA、CEA和CA19－9在恶性胸水中有较高的阳性率，其中以CEA mRNA指标的阳性率最高，应用CEA mRNA、CEA和CA19－9指标诊断与鉴别诊断良、恶性胸水具有较高的实用价值，三者联检可以进一步提高敏感性。     

Dendritic cells pulsed with an anti-idiotype antibody mimicking carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) can reverse immunological tolerance to CEA and induce antitumor immunity in CEA transgenic mice

In this report, we have studied the immunogenicity of the nominal antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and that of an anti-idiotype antibody, 3H1, which mimics CEA and can be used as a surrogate for CEA. We have demonstrated that immunization of CEA transgenic mice with bone marrow-derived mature dendritic cells (DC) loaded with anti-idiotype 3H1 or CEA could reverse CEA unresponsiveness and result in the induction of CEA-specific immune responses and the rejection of CEA-transfected MC-38 colon carcinoma cells, C15. Immunized mice splenocytes proliferated in an antigen-specific manner by a mechanism dependent on the functions of CD4, MHC II, B7-2, CD40, CD28, and CD25. However, immune splenic lymphocytes isolated from 3H1-DC-vaccinated mice when stimulated in vitro with 3H1 or CEA secreted significantly higher levels of Th1 cytokines than did CEA-DC vaccinated mice. DC vaccination also induced antigen-specific effector CD8+ T cells capable of expressing interleukin-2, IFN-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and displayed cytotoxic activity against C15 cells in an MHC class I-restricted manner. 3H1-DC vaccination resulted in augmented CTL responses and the elevated expression of CD69, CD25, and CD28 on CD8(+) CTLs. The immune responses developed in 3H1-DC-immunized mice resulted in rejection of C15 tumor cells in nearly 100% of experimental mice, whereas only 40% of experimental mice immunized with CEA-DC were protected from C15 tumor growth. These findings suggest that under the experimental conditions used, 3H1-DC vaccination was better than CEA-DC vaccination in breaking immune tolerance to CEA and inducing protective antitumor immune responses in this murine model transgenic for human CEA.