10株沙门菌分型鉴定及药敏试验

沙门菌是人群中重要的肠道传染病病源,其菌型多样,致病性具有种系特异性.该菌属不仅能引起人类沙门菌感染,而且也常引起家禽的沙门菌感染,并且污染食物引起食物中毒.了解该菌属的菌型分布及生物学特性,掌握菌型变迁规律和抗菌药物情况,对防治沙门菌感染,搞好食品卫生管理及预防食品中毒有着十分重要的意义.本文对温州市疾病预防控制中心2002年健康人群体检中获得菌株进行血清分型及药敏试验.现报告如下.     

广州市136株沙门菌耐药表型与分子分型研究

目的研究广州市2013年腹泻患者感染的沙门菌的血清型分布、耐药情况以及分子流行特征。方法用传统血清学方法鉴定沙门菌的血清型,并用纸片扩散法进行抗菌药物敏感性试验,用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)对斯坦利沙门菌、肠炎沙门菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌和Ⅰ4,5,12:i:-沙门菌进行分子分型研究。结果 136株沙门菌被鉴定为29种血清型,数量居前三位的血清型为斯坦利沙门菌(19.9%)、肠炎沙门菌(15.4%)和鼠伤寒沙门菌(15.4%)。所有沙门菌菌株对四环素和萘啶酸耐药率最高,分别达到44.8%和39.7%,对环丙沙星的敏感率仅为19.9%;对头孢他啶、头孢噻肟和头孢曲松的耐药率均为7.4%。对3类及以上抗生素耐药的多重耐药菌有56(41.2%)株。27株斯坦利沙门菌和21株肠炎沙门菌分别可分为25个PFGE型和15个PFGE型。结论在广州市引起腹泻的沙门菌主要以斯坦利沙门菌、肠炎沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌为主,分成多种PFGE型,呈高度散发。本地区沙门菌菌株的多重耐药现象严重,对于氟喹诺酮类和头孢类药物的耐药性升高。     

多位点序列分型和脉冲场凝胶电泳技术辅助鉴定肠炎沙门菌

伤寒沙门菌和甲、乙、丙型副伤寒沙门菌引起肠热型感染,而肠炎沙门菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌、鸭沙门菌等则多引起急性胃肠炎型感染.准确的沙门菌菌株鉴定对于传染病的预防控制有重要意义.笔者应用肠杆菌科细菌鉴定系统ATB ID32E和API 20E对一起食源性疾病暴发事件中分离到的2株沙门属菌株及1株分离自住院患者的沙门属菌株进行生化鉴定,同时进行血清凝集试验.     

两起伤寒沙门菌感染暴发流行病原的相似度研究

目的 应用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)技术对两起由伤寒沙门菌引起的聚集性暴发流行中所分离到的伤寒沙门菌进行分离鉴定和基因分型,对其病原进行同源性分析和分子流行病学探讨,为科学防治提供实验室检测依据. 方法 用传统方法对11株伤寒沙门菌菌株进行生化、血清学复核鉴定.对确认的伤寒沙门菌菌株,采用脉冲场凝胶电泳技术分析电泳酶切指纹图谱. 结果 11株伤寒沙门菌经PFGE,根据其条带的差异可分为3个PFGE型别. 结论 两起伤寒沙门菌感染为不同亚型所致.     

2011-2012年杭州市肠道沙门菌临床分离株的分子型别分析

目的研究2011-2012年杭州市肠道沙门菌临床分离株的型别,了解本地菌株分子流行病学特征。方法对66株肠道沙门菌临床分离株进行血清分型和多位点序列分型(MLST)。对其中主要血清型:鼠伤寒、甲型副伤寒、萨雷甲尼和肠炎沙门菌菌株进行脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分型。结果分布于21个血清型的66株沙门菌分成26个ST型别。发现一株纽波特沙门菌为新型ST1690。菌株血清型与MLST型别数据库中所对应的血清型符合率为100.00%。9株甲型副伤寒沙门菌的PFGE带型完全一致(P7型),与先前杭州流行菌株有差异(P1-P6型)。6株肠炎沙门菌分成4个PFGE型,型间最小相似性为92.70%。13株鼠伤寒沙门菌分为11个PFGE型,型间最小相似性为71.70%。7株萨雷甲尼沙门菌分成4个PFGE型别,型间最小相似性为91.00%。结论近年杭州腹泻病人中流行的肠道沙门菌菌株主要血清型为鼠伤寒、甲型副伤寒、萨雷甲尼和肠炎等。甲型副伤寒沙门菌菌株在杭州出现了新PFGE型别。MLST数据可以对沙门菌血清学鉴定提供一定的帮助。     

波摩那沙门菌耐药及分子流行病学特征研究

目的 研究波摩那沙门菌的耐药分子流行病学特征。方法 基于上海市网络实验室连续性监测腹泻病例和环境食品及广西地区爬行动物监测的波摩那沙门菌进行抗菌药物耐药和脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）分析。结果 2005－2012 年上海市网络实验室诊断临床病例分离沙门菌4 553 株, 居前10 位的20 个血清型均为A～F 群, 波摩那沙门菌在少见的非A～F 群中仅次于旺兹沃思沙门菌排第2 位, 并对低年龄组人群普遍易感, 症状有血样便和二次感染现象。确认食源环境沙门菌1 805 株, 前10 位血清型明显比人源株更具多样性, 波摩那沙门菌在少见型中列第3位, 多源自甲鱼、海水贝壳类和爬行动物。波摩那沙门菌非人源分离株耐药性显著高于人源株, PFGE结果分属A和B不同克隆簇。克隆A为非流行株的多重耐药株, 菌株多源自淡水养殖鱼类;克隆B为不耐药的流行株, 分为B-Ⅰ（分离自低年龄组）和B-Ⅱ（分离自成年组）2 个亚簇, 前者与海水贝壳类动物、陆龟、蜥蜴分离株同源, 后者与海水贝壳类动物分离株同源, 其中1 例人源株对8种抗生素呈多重耐药。结论 波摩那沙门菌属少见菌型, 但对婴幼儿有较高致病性。上海市近期分离的波摩那沙门菌与2005 年病例菌株存在遗传进化关系, 需要对致病克隆加强监测并预警进食海鲜和爬行动物的感染风险。     

杭州市上城区沙门菌菌型分布动态观察

1990年～2000年我区对健康人群中所分离出沙门菌属进行菌型动态研究,目的是了解我市辖区内健康人群中感染沙门菌的血清型流行趋势,为流行病学调查提供科学依据。1 对象和方法 1999年～2000年本市辖区内,以健康人群调查为对象。获得分离株均经形态学、生化特性、噬菌体裂解和血清学分型,并结合Kauddmann-White的抗原表分型。2 调查结果 调查102055名健康人中,检获沙门菌属110株,占带菌率的0.11％。可分离出沙门菌 O2（7.27）、O4（10.91）、O7（16.36）、O8（20.91）、O9（6.36）、O_（3.10）（3.64）、O_（1.3.19）（6.36）和O_（11）（6.36）8个群9个血清型。 自1990年以来,我市辖区人群感染率较高的沙门菌,以新     

河南省腹泻患者中鼠伤寒沙门菌单相变异株的分子流行特征研究

目的 了解河南省腹泻患者中鼠伤寒沙门菌单相变异株的分布及其分子学特征。方法 对我省监测到的历史鼠伤寒沙门菌进行血清学复核，使用双重PCR法鉴定第2相鞭毛缺失菌株并对其进行脉冲场凝胶电泳分析。结果1 576株沙门菌中有401株鼠伤寒沙门菌，经双重PCR方法鉴定出113株鼠伤寒沙门菌单相变异株，分别占沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌的7.17%和28.18%,其中79.64%(90例)来源于<2岁的婴幼儿。113株鼠伤寒沙门菌单相变异株经XbaⅠ酶切后，共分为88种带型，各带型包含菌株数为1～5株，带型相似度在58%～100%，带型无明显的地域、时间聚集特征。结论 河南省腹泻患者中鼠伤寒沙门菌单相变异株检出率较高，且人群分布不均，分子分型表现出较大的多样性，没有形成较大规模的流行。     

2017年南京市部分沙门菌感染特征及菌株脉冲场电泳鉴定

目的了解2017年南京市沙门菌感染及分子流行病学特征。方法 2017年4—10月收集南京市各哨点医院送检疑似细菌性感染的分离菌株,以常规方法鉴定,挑取单克隆菌落,进行脉冲场电泳分析,采用PulseNet China系统聚类分析软件进行图谱分析;并结合临床指标进行描述性分析。结果分离、鉴定84株沙门菌,共计32种血清型,主要为鼠伤寒沙门菌(23株,占27.38%)。94.0%菌株分离自粪便标本,病例年龄1个月～95岁,主要为≤1岁(29.76%)、≥60岁组(17.86%);7月为感染高峰(占25.00%);临床诊断主要为感染性腹泻/急性胃肠炎(占72.62%)。不同年龄感染谱不同:鼠伤寒沙门菌感染者多为≤10岁组(95.65%),肠炎沙门菌感染者多为50～60岁组(62.50%),乙型副伤寒沙门菌感染以及斯坦利沙门菌感染者均≤1组岁,都柏林沙门菌感染者均为40～50岁组。经XbaⅠ酶切、电泳片段为30～700kD,PFGE指纹图谱带型相似度为0.35%～100.00%,同血清型相同菌株的PFGE指纹图谱带型均不同,鼠伤寒沙门菌S1相似群相似度最高为92.59%,其余种属相似群相似度均<80%。结论南京市2017年沙门菌感染多以鼠伤寒沙门菌为主,婴幼儿和老年人为高危人群,夏季为感染高峰。沙门菌血清型与PFGE指纹图谱未发现直接关联,应进一步加强监测及PFGE数据库建设。     

甲型副伤寒沙门菌株的脉冲电场凝胶电泳分型研究

目的探讨台州地区甲型副伤寒沙门菌株的流行病学特征及分型情况。方法用脉冲电场凝胶电泳(PFGE)方法进行分型。结果根据细菌染色体DNA的XbaⅠ酶切图谱,可将台州地区患者中分离的65株甲型副伤寒沙门菌分成9个PFGE型别(X1～X9)。来自温岭菌株有6个PFGE型,三门菌株有4个PFGE型,玉环菌株仅有2个PFGE型,其中X2为优势菌型。结论分型研究表明,甲型副伤寒沙门菌核型上虽在台州地区存在着县区性差异,但均以X2为主要流行菌型,从而提示了同一个克隆群内的菌株广泛传播可能是造成台州地区甲型副伤寒流行的主要原因。     

一株罕见发酵蔗糖的贝坎道夫沙门菌鉴定与探讨

目的:对一株从冻贻贝中分离的沙门菌进行鉴定与探讨。方法:结合传统生化反应、荧光定量PCR检测、16S rDNA检测以及血清学分型鉴定方法。结果:该菌生化反应及PCR反应符合沙门菌属,经16S rD-NA鉴定为肠道沙门菌,血清学抗原式为9,46:e,h:1,2。结论:该菌是一株罕见的发酵蔗糖的贝坎道夫沙门菌(S.Bergedorf)。该菌为国内首次报道检出。     

食品中沙门氏菌血清及PFGE分型研究

目的了解吉林省食品中分离的沙门氏菌血清型与脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）基因分型,探索沙门氏菌的分子多态性。方法将从市售鸡肉、鸡胴体、中式凉拌菜及婴儿配方奶中分离出的10株沙门氏菌进行血清学分型、PFGE分子分型,BioNumerics version软件分析比较同源性。结果 10株沙门氏菌血清型分别为4株肠炎沙门氏菌,3株里定沙门氏菌,2株阿贡纳沙门氏菌和1株雷摩沙门氏菌。PFGE聚类分型结果主要分为4型：1型4株,相似度超过95%;2型3株,又分2个亚型,亚型间的相似度为78%;3型2株,相似度为100%;4型1株。结论吉林省食品中沙门氏菌具有不同血清学及PFGE型别,相同来源和血清型的菌株PFGE型别显示高度同源性。     

The excretion of Salmonella typhimurium in the faeces of calves fed milk substitute

A total of 495 calves in 16 batches were examined (117 calves in 4 batches in 1979 and 378 in 12 batches in 1982). They were purchased in markets, transported by road to a farm in Somerset and reared on a milk substitute diet for a period of up to five weeks. Salmonella typhimurium phage type DT 193 was endemic in 1979 and phage type DT 204c in 1982. The mortality rates in the two years were 9.4% and 1.9% respectively. The causes of death were not investigated although the majority were probably due to salmonellosis. The rate of isolation of S. typhimurium from the rectal faeces of calves in all groups was either zero or relatively low on arrival. It rose to a peak (which was higher in 1979) in the second or third weeks before declining to low levels by the end of the fourth week of residence on the farm. Data from 162 calves, examined twice weekly for four weeks in 1982, indicated that the distribution of infected calves, based on the number of times that S. typhimurium was isolated from each, was not random. The calves could be assigned to two main categories; those from which the organism was never isolated and those from which it was isolated at least twice. This suggested that salmonella infected calves actively excreted the organism. The association between salmonella excretion and medication of sick animals with antibacterial drugs was strongest during the second week. Over the four-week period nearly 40% of the calves found to be excreting S. typhimurium were not treated, indicating a high incidence of subclinical infection. Salmonella excretion by the calves followed a regular pattern and infection was self-limiting within five weeks. The peak in the salmonella excretion rate and the mortality rate were higher in 1979 when phage type DT 193 was the endemic strain. However, in 1982 the calves received 100 p.p.m. furazolidone in their milk ration during the first week of their stay on the farm, and this may have contributed to the differences noted between the two years.     

The excretion of Salmonella typhimurium in the faeces of calves fed milk substitute.

A total of 495 calves in 16 batches were examined (117 calves in 4 batches in 1979 and 378 in 12 batches in 1982). They were purchased in markets, transported by road to a farm in Somerset and reared on a milk substitute diet for a period of up to five weeks. Salmonella typhimurium phage type DT 193 was endemic in 1979 and phage type DT 204c in 1982. The mortality rates in the two years were 9.4% and 1.9% respectively. The causes of death were not investigated although the majority were probably due to salmonellosis. The rate of isolation of S. typhimurium from the rectal faeces of calves in all groups was either zero or relatively low on arrival. It rose to a peak (which was higher in 1979) in the second or third weeks before declining to low levels by the end of the fourth week of residence on the farm. Data from 162 calves, examined twice weekly for four weeks in 1982, indicated that the distribution of infected calves, based on the number of times that S. typhimurium was isolated from each, was not random. The calves could be assigned to two main categories; those from which the organism was never isolated and those from which it was isolated at least twice. This suggested that salmonella infected calves actively excreted the organism. The association between salmonella excretion and medication of sick animals with antibacterial drugs was strongest during the second week. Over the four-week period nearly 40% of the calves found to be excreting S. typhimurium were not treated, indicating a high incidence of subclinical infection. Salmonella excretion by the calves followed a regular pattern and infection was self-limiting within five weeks. The peak in the salmonella excretion rate and the mortality rate were higher in 1979 when phage type DT 193 was the endemic strain. However, in 1982 the calves received 100 p.p.m. furazolidone in their milk ration during the first week of their stay on the farm, and this may have contributed to the differences noted between the two years.     

引起食物中毒和传染病疫情的沙门菌群分布及耐药性分析

[目的]了解深圳龙岗地区沙门菌的流行特点和耐药情况。[方法]对从本地区2003～2007年食物中毒和伤寒,副伤寒疫情中分离的67株沙门菌进行纸片扩散法（K-B法）药敏实验。[结果]沙门菌主要流行菌群为D群,以引起食物中毒最常见,食物中毒占总暴发疫情的40.30%,51.85%食物中毒由肠炎沙门菌引起;沙门菌对氟哌酸,氯霉素,氨基糖苷类及第3代头孢类抗生素完全敏感,对青霉素,苯唑西林完全耐药,头孢氨苄的耐药率高达41.79%,对氨苄西林,羧苄西林,哌拉西林,四环素和复方新诺明的耐药率达到了37.31%,37.31%,25.37%,25.37%和2.99%;非伤寒沙门菌对羧苄西林,氨苄西林,强力霉素,四环素,哌拉西林,美满霉素的耐药率显著性的高于伤寒和副伤寒沙门菌;沙门菌多重耐药率为13.00%。[结论]沙门菌引起的暴发疫情在逐年增加,其对除四环素,氨苄西林,羧苄西林,哌拉西林和复方新诺明外其他常用抗生素都敏感,非伤寒沙门菌的耐药性在显著增加。     

达州市2007-2010年沙门菌监测结果分析

目的掌握达州市腹泻病例中的沙门菌感染率和菌型分布,提高腹泻病例和暴发疫情的实验室检测能力。方法从监测点腹泻病例粪便（或肛拭法）中分离沙门菌并进行生物学鉴定。结果4年共监测腹泻1291例,检出沙门菌52株8个血清型,总感染率为4．03％。临床就诊和暴发疫情腹泻病例沙门菌感染率分别为1．24％和23．60％。检出肠炎和鼠伤寒沙门菌各15株和10株,分别引起腹泻暴发疫情7宗和4宗,是我市流行的主要沙门菌血清型和腹泻暴发疫情的主要致病菌,凉拌菜和卤肉制品是腹泻暴发的高危食品。结论达州市流行的沙门菌血清型别众多,做好沙门菌监测对提高腹泻爆发疫情的应急反应具有十分重要的现实意义。严格生熟操作分开,防止烹调后食品的再次污染是减少食物中毒发生的重要措施之一。     

145株沙门氏菌耐药性分析

目的了解沙门氏菌引起腹泻病人的耐药情况,合理指导临床使用抗菌药物。方法对2006-2009年腹泻病监测点感染性腹泻病例中分离出的沙门氏菌进行药敏试验,并用WHONET5.4软件对药敏试验结果进行数据分析。结果 145株沙门氏菌对12种抗生素都有不同程度的耐药,其中所有菌株耐药集中在萘啶酸、氨苄西林、四环素这3种抗菌药物,耐药率分别为59.30%、50.40%和42.10%;对头孢西丁、头孢他定和头孢噻肟轻度耐药,耐药率分别为0.70%、2.10%和5.50%。145株沙门氏菌有48.20%为多重耐药,其中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌多重耐药率高。结论沙门氏菌对抗菌药物已产生多重耐药性,合理使用抗菌药物是控制该菌耐药的关键。     

LAMP技术快速检测沙门氏菌方法的建立及其应用

目的 建立和评价一种适合国境口岸及基层检验部门使用的沙门氏菌快速检测方法,在2010年上海世博会保障期间开展应用研究.方法针对沙门氏菌agfA基因,运用环介导等温扩增技术(loop mediated isothermalamplification,LAMP),设计引物进行检测,在65℃恒温条件下、60 min特异性扩增...     

2002年姜堰城区服务行业人群沙门氏菌带菌情况分析

目的 了解姜堰城区服务行业人群感染沙门氏菌的血清型流行趋势及其影响因素，及时发现带菌者并给予治疗与管理，减少其在服务过程中造成人群的传播.方法 采集肛拭子进行增菌培养并鉴定。结果 检测标本4840份．阳性数为59份，阳性检出率为1．22％；检出7个群共20个血清型，其中德尔卑沙门菌和纽波特沙门菌检出率较高.结论 沙门氏菌病已越来越多地威胁到人们的健康，因此，沙门氏菌病的预防工作不可忽视。     

The year of the Salmonella seekers--1977

In 1977 two major outbreaks of salmonella infection originated in Victoria. The first of these, involving Salmonella Bredeney, continued over some seven months and was traced to contamination of powdered milk-based infant formulae during manufacture. This caused cases of gastroenteritis among young children throughout Australia. Another incident led to the discovery that salmonella serovars were colonising not one, but a number of dairy factories through the State. The second outbreak was of typhoid, stemming from a carrier working in a sandwich bar, and occurred during the course of the first, almost overwhelming public health resources and delaying investigation of the first outbreak. The background, recognition, course, investigation and resolution of these, previously unpublished, outbreaks are described, drawing upon the experiences of authors involved at the clinical, public health and laboratory levels, and preserved, contemporary records. Taken together, these outbreaks directly stimulated radical improvements in the construction and management of dairy factories in the State; initiated the adoption of risk management concepts in food factories; caused the launch of regional regulations compelling notification of salmonellas found in food manufacture; and led to the setting-up of an enhanced national, laboratory-based system for the collection, analysis and dissemination of information on enteric pathogens.