阴茎异常勃起的诊疗体会(附14例报告)

目的探讨阴茎异常勃起的诊断及治疗。方法回顾性分析14例阴茎异常勃起患者的诊治经过。结果通过体查、海绵体抽吸血气分析及多普勒超声扫描等方法,低流量型阴茎异常勃起13例,高流量型1例。经保守、海绵体抽吸、肾上腺素海绵体内注射治疗及手术处理,患者勃起均消退。随访3～16个月,5例出现勃起功能丧失。结论准确判断阴茎异常勃起的类型有助于治疗方式的选择,阴茎海绵体血气分析结合多普勒超声扫描有助于分类的判断；阴茎海绵体穿刺抽吸结合肾上腺素反复灌洗,是一种简单、有效和副作用较少的治疗异常勃起的方式。     

新弗林治疗药物所致的阴茎异常勃起

由于应用阴茎海绵体内注射血管活性药物治疗阳萎,阴茎异常勃起的病人经常遇到,处理方法是再用海绵体内注射α受体兴奋剂,如肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素,阿拉明等,但这些药物同时具有β1受体的全身效应,可产生副作用,如高血压危象,肺水肿,甚至死亡。作者用新弗林治疗阴茎异常勃起36例,年龄为19～63岁,20例是由于阴茎海绵体内注射罂粟碱,酚妥拉明或前列腺素E1引起,另16例是在全麻下发生阴茎异常勃起,影响阴茎手术或经尿道电切术,向海绵体内注射新弗林的剂量为0.2mg(2ml),若持续勃起超过5小时,则剂量增至0.5mg(5ml),所有病人疗效均满意,注药后2～3分钟阴茎松软,除1     

用稀释的肾上腺素治疗阴茎异常勃起

本文报导用稀肾上腺素的α和β效应治疗各种原因引起的异常勃起。 18个病人,年龄存11～64岁之间,异常勃起原因不明者5例,继发于镰状细胞病者6例,海绵体内注射罂粟碱引起者6例,白血病危象时发生1例。勃起持续时间从4小时到5天,3例长于24小时者中有两侧用稀肾上腺素海绵体内冲洗无效,改做分流手术,获得成功。以19号针穿刺海绵体抽吸,一直到阴茎部分软化或不易再抽出血液,将1:1000肾上腺素1 ml加     

静脉阻塞性阴茎异常勃起17例诊治分析

目的:探讨静脉阻塞性阴茎异常勃起的诊断和治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析17例静脉阻塞性阴茎异常勃起患者的诊治方法。结果:17例患者均通过病史、体检、海绵体抽吸血气分析及多普勒超声检查确诊。经保守、海绵体抽吸、海绵体内注射药物及手术治疗后,17例患者中11例异常勃起完全消退,5例部分消退,1例因阴茎肿瘤治疗无效。随访2~6个月,其中3例出现ED。结论:阴茎海绵体血气分析、海绵体彩色多普勒检查对静脉阻塞性阴茎异常勃起有诊断价值,早期及正确应用海绵体注射药物和阴茎海绵体-尿道海绵体分流术是治疗静脉阻塞性阴茎异常勃起的可靠方法。     

分流手术对难治性低流量阴茎异常勃起的效果:一项术后阴茎肿胀消退及勃起功能障碍发生率的报告

采用阴茎—尿道海绵体血液分流术治疗难治性低流量阴茎异常勃起手术成功率报道不一,有报道肿胀消退率达到100%,此方法的长期效果也可达到50%。本文回顾了从1990~2002年间28例阴茎持续勃起超过4h并伴有疼痛,采用保守治疗(包括阴茎海绵体淤血抽吸、生理盐水灌注、α-肾上腺素能拮抗剂注射等)无效,实施分流手术,分析数据包括导致持续勃起的病因,持续勃起的时间及采取的分流手术的方法,术后通过电话随访,采用国际性功能评分表(IIEF)对性功能进行测评,结果如下:28例患者平均年龄43岁,平均勃起时间47.8h,自发性异常勃起占16例,阴茎海绵体内注射…     

9例阴茎异常勃起诊治体会

目的 探讨阴茎异常勃起的诊断和治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析9例阴茎异常勃起患者的诊治过程.结果 9例患者均通过病史、体检、海绵体抽吸血气分析及多普勒超声检查确诊.经镇静、局部冷敷、海绵体抽吸血液、海绵体内注射药物及手术等不同方法治疗后,8例缺血性阴茎异常勃起患者中5例完全消退,3例部分消退;1例非缺血性阴茎异常勃起患者部分消退.5例随访6个月,其中4例出现ED.结论 阴茎海绵体血气分析、海绵体彩色多普勒检查对阴茎异常勃起有重要诊断价值,早期及正确应用海绵体注射药物和阴茎海绵体尿道海绵体分流术加术中冲洗是治疗缺血性阴茎异常勃起的可靠方法,但是由于大多数病人持续勃起时间较长,ED的发生率偏高.     

去氧肾上腺素治疗TURP术中阴茎勃起 (附14例报告)

目的 总结阴茎海绵体内注射去氧肾上腺素治疗阴茎勃起的临床体会，探讨其安全性及临床效果。方法 阴茎海绵体内注射去氧肾上腺素，总结起效时间、剂量、并发症的发生情况。结果所有14例患者，在2-5min内勃起消失，手术继续进行。注射前后平均动脉压及心率变化无显著差异（P〉0．05）。无并发症。结论 阴茎海绵体内注射去氧肾上腺素是治疗TURP术中阴茎勃起的安全、有效的方法。     

阴茎异常勃起的诊治

阴茎异常勃起属于泌尿外科急诊。近年来 ,随着应用阴茎海绵体内血管活性物质注射治疗勃起功能障碍(ED) ,其发病率已明显增多。了解阴茎异常勃起的分类是治疗的关键。阴茎异常勃起分为局部缺血性 (低流量 )和局部非缺血性 (高流量 )两种类型。低流量性是由于阴茎海绵体平滑肌的异常松弛 ,导致静脉阻塞 ,以致患者有明显的疼痛和海绵体僵硬 ;高流量性可能与不能控制的大量动脉血流进入海绵体 ,而产生阴茎持续勃起 ,仅部分海绵体僵硬 ,故患者无明显疼痛。临床上根据分类和勃起的持续时间而采取不同的治疗方法 ,以防止阴茎海绵体的进一步损伤。     

阴茎异常勃起的诊断与处理(附13例报告)

目的　提高阴茎异常勃起的诊治水平。　方法　阴茎异常勃起患者 13例 ,其中血管活性药物所致 9例 ,会阴外伤所致 1例 ,原因不明 3例。经体检、海绵体血气分析、阴茎彩色双功能超声等检查 ,分别行阿拉明海绵体注射及海绵体减压等治疗。　结果　 12例为低流量型异常勃起 ,1例为高流量型 ,经上述处理后 ,异常勃起均缓解。随访 3～ 4 3个月 ,勃起功能减退 4例 ,9例患者勃起功能无显著改变 ,无明显阴茎海绵体纤维化。　结论　海绵体血气分析和彩色双功能超声等检查有助于阴茎异常勃起准确及时的诊断。海绵体减压和阿拉明注射适用于多数患者 ,治疗时尽量避免对全身的影响。     

勃起功能障碍患者可成功从海绵体内注射前列腺素E1改为口服枸橼酸西地那非治疗

海绵体内注射疗法是一种公认的治疗勃起功能障碍（ED）最有效的非手术疗法，但其具有侵入性且很可能发生阴茎异常勃起。为了寻求更安全的替代疗法，Giuliano等进行研究，评估了ED患者从海绵体内注射前列腺素E1转变为口服枸橼酸西地那非的成功率。     

Methylene blue as a means of treatment for priapism caused by intracavernous injection to combat erectile dysfunction

OBJECTIVE: The authors observed priapism as a side effect occuring during the intracavernous treatment of erectile dysfunction. Earlier priapism had been treated with an intracavernous injection of sympatomimetics; unfortunately several complications and contraindications were found. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Methylene blue was applied in the treatment of five patients. First a corpus cavernosum punction was performed and some blood was aspirated from the penis. Finally 100 mg of Methylthionin Chlorati was injected into the corpus cavernosum. RESULTS: A sufficient detumescence was observed in all of these cases. There were no complications. The method was applied effectively in two cases after an unsuccessful punction. CONCLUSION: The autors recommend intravenous methylene blue for the treatment of priapism. According to their experience this method is free of complications and as effective as a sympathomimetics treatment. As they think, it can be recommended in any manifestations of priapism because its force of action appears to be both chemically and biologically clear.     

Use of methylene blue and selective embolization of the pudendal artery for high flow priapism refractory to medical and surgical treatments

High flow priapism is often treated effectively with intracavernous vasoconstrictive agents or surgical shunting. If these maneuvers fail treatment is unclear. A 21-year-old black man, who had failed previous pharmacological and surgical therapies, temporarily (8 hours) responded to intracavernous methylene blue, which is known to antagonize endothelial derived relaxation factor. Recurrent priapism was managed successfully by embolization of the left internal pudendal artery with absorbable gelatin sponge. Review of the literature reveals that only 7 patients have been managed with arterial embolization and our case represents the first in which intracavernous methylene blue produced detumescence.     

New aspects in the treatment of priapism

Recent advances in the understanding of erectile physiology have improved the prompt diagnosis and treatment of priapism. During initial assessment, the physician must distinguish between veno-occlusive low flow (ischemic) and arterial high flow (nonischemic) in order to choose the correct treatment option for each type of priapism. Patient history, physical examination, penile haemodynamics and corporeal metabolic blood quality assist the distinction between static and dynamic priapism. Normally, priapism is effectively treated with intracavernous vasoconstrictive agents or surgical shunting. However, when these two methods fail, subsequent treatment procedures are a matter for debate. Alternative options, such as intracavernous injection of methylene blue or selective penile arterial embolization, for the management of high and low flow priapism are described and a survey of current treatment modalities is presented.     

A new therapeutic concept for long-lasting iatrogenic priapism: a case report.

In a therapeutic attempt on an 18-year-old patient with iatrogenic priapism lasting for more than 2 weeks after internal urethrotomy, intracavernous lysis was commenced with 80,000 IU streptokinase per hour. Following a dosage of 300,000 IU streptokinase the lysis was stopped because of severe bleeding from the urethrotomy scar. At 4 weeks after the patient was discharged from the hospital he reported normal erections and intercourse, while single potential analysis of cavernous electrical activity and ultrasound returned to normal. Provided there are no contraindications, intracavernous lysis seems to be an effective treatment for long-lasting priapism induced by intracavernous thrombosis.     

The usefulness of ethylephrine (Efortil-R) in the treatment of priapism and intraoperative penile erections

We present our experience in the treatment of 8 patients with priapism after intravenous injection of vasoactive drugs, and of 15 patients with persistent erections in the course of transurethral cystoscopy surgery. All of them were treated with intracavernous injection of 10 mg ethylephrine (1 ml Efortil-R). The results were satisfactory in all cases. In one patient we had to draw 75 ml blood and give another 10 mg dose of ethylephrine. We have not observed secondary effects of drug administration except two local haematomas with spontaneous resolution. We consider that this treatment is very useful in the management of patients with persistent erections or priapism because of the excellent results obtained without adverse effects.     

Priapism - etiology, pathophysiology and management

The understanding of erectile physiology has improved the prompt diagnosis and treatment of priapism. Priapism is defined as prolonged and persistent erection of the penis without sexual stimulation and failure to subside despite orgasm. Numerous etiologies of this condition are considered. Among others a disturbed detumescence mechanism, which may due to excess release of contractile neurotransmitters, obstruction of draining venules, malfunction of the intrinsic detumescence mechanism or prolonged relaxation of intracavernosal smooth muscle are postulated. Treatment of priapism varies from a conservative medical to a drastic surgical approach. Two main types of priapism; veno-occlusive low flow (ischemic) and arterial high flow (non-ischemic), must be distinguished to choose the correct treatment option for each type. Patient history, physical examination, penile hemodynamics and corporeal metabolic blood quality provides distinction between a static or dynamic pathology. Priapism can be treated effectively with intracavernous vasoconstrictive agents or surgical shunting. Alternative options, such as intracavernous injection of methylene blue (MB) or selective penile arterial embolization (SPEA), for the management of high and low flow priapism are described and a survey on current treatment modalities is given.     

Prostaglandin E1 versus phentolamine/papaverine for the treatment of erectile impotence: a double-blind comparison

The use of intracavernous prostaglandin E1 was studied in 48 organically impotent men. Eight men with previous chemical priapism did not have chemically induced priapism at up to 4 times the minimum effective dose of prostaglandin E1. Of 15 men with arteriogenic impotence who had failed prior intracavernous phentolamine and papaverine therapy 10 had adequate erections with prostaglandin E1. A total of 25 men received intracavernous prostaglandin E1 and phentolamine plus papaverine in a double-blind fashion. Erections with prostaglandin E1 were equal or superior to those with phentolamine plus papaverine in each case.     

Purulent cavernitis as a complication of self injection into the cavernous body

Intracavernous self-injection of vasoactive drugs is commonly prescribed for the treatment of erectile failure. Cavernitis is a serious complication of this treatment. The case of a 63-years-old patient with cavernitis following intracavernous injection of papaverine and subsequent priapism is reported. He had a phlegmonous infection of both corpora cavernosa without infection of the corpus spongiosum. The treatment consisted in surgical debridement of the corpora cavernosa with intracavernous drains inserted for continued irrigation and suction. Complete remission of the infection was ultimately obtained, but fibrosis of the remnants of both corpora cavernosa remained.     

Intracavernous injection of etilefrine hydrochloride in iatrogenic priapism

Intracavernous injection of etilefrine hydrochloride (1 or 2 mg) was performed on four patients with fully erected penis after intracavernous injection of 40 mg of papaverine hydrochloride. One case needed three injections of etilefrine hydrochloride (1 mg), but the erection disappeared in the other three cases within 10 minutes after a single injection of 2 mg of etilefrine hydrochloride. The injection resulted in complete detumescence and relief of the erection in all cases. These observations strongly suggest that the intracavernous injection of etilefrine hydrochloride is effective in treating not only iatrogenic priapism but also priapism due to other etiologies. Also, it might be useful to control erection time after intracavernous injection therapy for impotence.