伴有8号染色体四体异常的t(15;17)急性早幼粒细胞白血病实验诊断及临床分析

目的:报告首例伴有8号染色体四体(四体8)异常的t(15;17)急性早幼粒白血病(AML-M3a),并研究其形态学、细胞遗传学、免疫学及临床特点。方法:外周血及骨髓标本直接涂片观察其形态学改变;采用骨髓细胞24h短期培养法制备染色体标本,RHG显带技术进行核型分析;以筑巢式逆转录聚合酶链反应(nested-RT-PCR)技术检测PML-RARa融合基因转录本;以流式细胞术检测免疫表型。结果:外周血涂片中早幼粒细胞占65%,可见中晚幼粒细胞。骨髓涂片显示有核细胞增生明显活跃,粒系83.6%,其中早幼粒细胞占72.4%,胞浆内可见大量紫红色颗粒。染色体核型分析揭示核型为48,XY,+8,+8,t(15;17)(q22;q12)[16]/47,XY,+8,t(15;17)(qxx:q12)[3]/46,XY,t(15;17)(q22;q12)[1]。RT-PCR检测PML-RARa(+),白血病细胞免疫表型检测显示CD13(96.2%)、CD33(55.9%)、CYMPO(93.5%)阳性,其余抗原包括淋系抗原在内均为阴性。本例患者生存期只有10d。结论:本例四体8是t(15;17)的继发性改变,可能是三体8克隆进展的结果。伴有四体8的t(15;17)AML-M3预后差。     

Cytogenetic findings in adult greek myelodysplastic syndrome patients: predominance of single trisomy 8

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal disorder of the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells which is characterized by ineffective and dysplastic hematopoiesis. The pathogenesis of MDS is not well defined and it appears that multiple genetic changes are involved. Several studies have shown that certain chromosomal abnormalities may be influenced by environmental factors, while differences in the incidence of certain aberrations in different areas have also been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and the type of chromosomal changes in Greek primary MDS patients. Single chromosomal abnormalities were focused on as possibly being primary changes implicated in the initiation of the neoplastic process. Using conventional cytogenetics, 239 MDS patients were studied and 63 cases were found with an abnormal karyotype (26.36%). Among the cytogenetically abnormal cases, 46 patients presented single chromosomal abnormalities (73.1%). These aberrations were according to frequency +8 (28.57), del(5q), -7/del(7q) and +14 (6.35 each), i(17q) and del(11(q13) (4.76 each), +11, -Y, i(1q), del(8q), del(18p) and t(X;11) (1.59% each). In conclusion, the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in Greek MDS patients was lower than that reported in the literature. The most common single anomaly was trisomy 8, while a relatively high incidence of an isolated +14 was also observed. Notably, this is the first time an isolated i(1q) has been described in the literature.     

性分化异常患者SRY基因检测及病因分析

目的探讨SRY基因在性别分化和发育中的作用。方法应用染色体核型分析和聚合酶链式反应(PCR)对人类性别决定区域(SRY)基因进行特异性扩增。结果在18例患者中有5例为46,XY,SRY( )睾丸女性化综合征患者;4例为46,XX女性性反转患者,其中3例为SRY( ),1例SRY(-);2例为46,XX,SRY( )两性畸形患者;2例为47,XXY克氏征;其他5例患者SRY基因与染色体性别一致,但都伴有不同程度的性发育异常。结论SRY基因的缺失或易位是导致性分化异常的最主要原因,同时性别决定和分化还有其他相关基因参与。     

Single chromosomal abnormalities in Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders

BACKGROUND: In Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPD), increased proliferation with effective maturation of the myeloid lineage is present, while peripheral leukocytosis, thrombocytosis or elevated red blood cell mass are found. This group of disorders includes polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF). Furthermore, cases that cannot be clearly defined are regarded as unclassified CMPD. In Philadelphia-negative CMPD, recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities occur, but no specific abnormality has been defined to date. Chromosomal abnormalities detected in a neoplastic disease as a sole anomaly are of major importance, possibly constituting primary changes implicated in the initiation or progression of the neoplastic process. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and the type of single chromosomal changes in Philadelphia-negative CMPD patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: By conventional cytogenetics, 245 Philadelphia-negative CMPD cases at diagnosis were investigated for the frequency and the type of single chromosomal aberrations. RESULTS: Seventeen patients presented single chromosomal changes. These aberrations were, according to frequency, +8 (in 3 PV cases, 2 IMF and 2 unclassified myeloproliferative diseases), +13 in 3 cases (IMF, ET and unclassified myeloproliferative disease), monosomy 10 in 2 PV cases, monosomy 14 in one ET patient, +3, -4 and del(11)(q13) in 1 unclassified myeloproliferative disease each and monosomy 7 in 1 IMF case. CONCLUSION: It is unclear whether these abnormalities found at the time of diagnosis play a role in CMPD. However, since an isolated chromosomal abnormality may be implicated in the initiation of the neoplastic process, the documentation of more cases of CMPD with single abnormalities at the time of diagnosis would facilitate the identification of candidate genes involved in the neoplastic process.     

Coupling of an endogenous 5-HT1B-like receptor to increases in intracellular calcium through a pertussis toxin-sensitive mechanism in CHO-K1 cells.

1. Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) express an endogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)1B-like receptor that is negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase through a pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive mechanism. Furthermore, the human adenosine A1 receptor when expressed in CHO-K1 cells (CHO-A1) has been shown to mobilize intracellular Ca2+ through a PTX-sensitive mechanism. Therefore the aim of this investigation was to determine whether the endogenous 5-HT1B-like receptor was able to stimulate increases in intracellular free [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) in CHO-A1 cells. 2. In agreement with previous studies using CHO cells, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) elicited a concentration-dependent inhibition of forskolin-stimulated [3H]-cyclic AMP production in CHO-A1 cells (p[EC50] = 7.73 +/- 0.13). 5-HT (1 microM) inhibited 47 +/- 5% of the [3H]-cyclic AMP accumulation induced by 3 microM forskolin. Forskolin stimulated [3H]-cyclic AMP accumulation was also inhibited by the 5-HT1 receptor agonists (p[EC50] values) 5-carboxyamidotryptamine (5-CT; 8.07 +/- 0.08), RU 24969 (8.12 +/- 0.33) and sumatriptan (5.80 +/- 0.31). 3. 5-HT elicited a concentration-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i in CHO-A1 cells (p[EC50] = 8.07 +/- 0.05). In the presence of 2 mM extracellular Ca2+, 5-HT (1 microM) increased [Ca2+]i from 174 +/- 17 nM to 376 +/- 22 nM. The 5-HT1 receptor agonists (p[EC50] values), 5-carboxyamidotryptamine (5-CT; 7.9 +/- 0.02), RU 24969 (8.1 +/- 0.07) and sumatriptan (5.9 +/- 0.11) all elicited concentration-dependent increases in [Ca2+]i. Similar maximal increases in [Ca2+]i were obtained with each agonist. The selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-OH-DPAT (10 microM) did not stimulate increases in [Ca2+]i. 5-HT (100 microM) and 5-CT (10 microM) did not stimulate a measurable increase in [3H]-inositol phosphate accumulation in CHO-A1 cells. 4. 5-HT (1 microM)-mediated increases in [Ca2+]i were insensitive to the 5-HT receptor antagonist, ritanserin (5-HT2; 100 nM), ketanserin (5-HT2; 100 nM), LY-278,584 (5-HT3; 1 microM) and WAY 100635 (5-HT1A; 1 microM). The response to 5-HT (100 nM) was antagonized by the non-selective 5-HT1 antagonist, methiothepin (pKb = 8.90 +/- 0.09) and the 5-HT1D antagonist GR 127935 (pKb = 10.44 +/- 0.06). 5. Pretreatment with PTX (200 ng ml-1 for 4 h) completely attenuated the Ca2+ response to 100 microM 5-HT. 6. In untransfected CHO-K1 cells, 5-HT (1 microM), RU 24969 (1 microM), and 5-CT (1 microM) elicited increases in [Ca2+]i similar to those observed in CHO-A1 cells. 7. These data demonstrate that in CHO-K1 cells the endogenously expressed 5-HT1B-like receptor couples to the phospholipase C/Ca2+ signalling pathway through a PTX-sensitive pathway, suggesting the involvement of Gi/Go protein(s).     

Cyclic GMP-associated apamin-sensitive nitrergic slow inhibitory junction potential in the hamster ileum.

1. The mediators of non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) inhibitory junction potentials (i.j.ps) in the circular smooth muscle cells of the hamster ileum were studied. 2. Electrical field stimulation (EFS; 0.5 ms duration, 15 V) of the intramural nerves with a train of five pulses at 20 Hz evoked a rapidly developing hyperpolarization (fast i.j.p.) followed by a sustained hyperpolarization (slow i.j.p.). 3. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 50 - 200 microM) and NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA; 50 - 200 microM), NO synthase inhibitors, inhibited or abolished the EFS-induced fast and slow NANC i.j.ps. The effects of these NO synthase inhibitors were reversed by L-arginine (5 mM) but not by D-arginine (5 mM). 4. Exogenously applied nitric oxide (NO; 1 - 100 microM) induced concentration-dependent hyperpolarizations. 5. Oxyhaemoglobin (5 - 50 microM), NO scavenger, inhibited only the slow i.j.p., and the NO-induced hyperpolarization. 6. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4, 3-a]quinoxaline-1-one (ODQ; 10 microM) and cystamine (10 mM), guanylate cyclase inhibitors, inhibited only the slow i.j.p. Zaprinast (100 microM), a phosphodiesterase type V inhibitor, enhanced the amplitude and duration of the slow i.j.p. 7. Apamin (100 nM), a small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel blocker, inhibited only the slow i.j.p., and NO-induced hyperpolarization. A high concentration of 8-bromoguanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-bromo-cGMP; 1 mM)-induced membrane hyperpolarization which was blocked by apamin. 8. These results suggest that NO, or a related compound, may be the inhibitory transmitter underlying the apamin-sensitive NANC slow i.j.p. and cyclic GMP mediates the slow i. j.p. in the hamster ileum. It is also likely that NO, without involvement of guanylate cyclase is associated with the fast i.j.p.     

TMB—8抑制神经递质引起的单个脑细胞内游离钙的升高

AIM: To study the effects of TMB-8 on [Ca2+]i elevation induced by neurotransmitters in dissociated brain cells. METHODS: The brain cell suspension was made using a gentle trituration for 1 min with a polished pipette. The changes of [Ca2+]i were detected by the fluorescent indicator, Fura 2-AM. RESULTS: In the presence of extracellular Ca2+ 1.3 mmol.L-1, sodium glutamate (Glu), histamine (His), and serotonin (5-HT) markedly increased the [Ca2+]i which were reduced by TMB-8 30 mumol.L-1. TMB-8 3 mumol.L-1 produced inhibitory effects on the increase of [Ca2+]i by His and 5-HT in a Ca(2+)-free Hanks' solution. The increase of [Ca2+]i by His and 5-HT was reduced to control level by TMB-8 10 mumol.L-1. CONCLUSION: TMB-8 inhibited the [Ca2+]i elevation induced by Glu, 5-HT, and His in brain cells.     

地西他滨联合CAG治疗老年急性髓系白血病的疗效观察

目的观察地西他滨联合CAG方案治疗老年急性髓系白血病的疗效和安全性。方法 7例老年急性髓系白血病患者应用地西他滨+CAG方案[地西他滨15 mg/(m2.d),qd,iv,d1-5;阿克拉霉素10 mg/d,qd,iv,d3-6;阿糖胞苷10 mg/m2,q12h,ih,d3-9;G-CSF 300μg,qd,ih d0-9]。观察患者疗效及不良反应。结果 2例使用4个疗程,2例使用3个疗程,1例使用2个疗程,2例使用1个疗程,其中2例获完全缓解,4例获部分缓解,1例疾病进展,最后因肺部感染死亡。结论地西他滨联合CAG方案治疗老年急性髓系白血病,效果良好,安全性高,不良反应少,化疗相关死亡率低。     

t（8；21）急性髓系白血病的特征及预后分析

目的探讨t（8;21）急性髓系白血病的特征及预后。方法回顾性分析80例初治t（8;21）AML患者,包括细胞遗传学G显带核型、免疫表型、细胞形态学、AMLl／ETO融合基因、血象、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）值及临床特征,并分析其预后因素。按染色体核型把患者分为单纯t（8;21）组（48例）、伴附加染色体异常组（32例）。结果80例t（8;21）AML患者中M：77例,M4 1例,M4EO2例;流式细胞仪检测t（8;21）AML患者免疫分型阳性率为：CD3481．48％、CDl3：96．29％、CD33：83．33％、HLA—DR90．74％、CD19：48．15％、CD56：55．55％;遗传学：48例（60．00％）为单纯t（8,21）,32例（40．00％）有附加染色体异常,其中25例（31．25％）伴单纯性染色体丢失,7例（8,75％）为复杂变异型t（8;21）易位;初治时单纯t（8,21）组和伴有附加染色体组的年龄、性别、外周血和骨髓原始细胞数、血红蛋白（Hb）和血小板（PLT）计数、Auer小体、肝脾淋巴结浸润、LDH值、皮肤黏膜出血均无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）;伴有附加染色体组的外周血白细胞（WBC）计数和CD56阳性率均低于单纯组（P均〈0．05）。伴附加染色体组与单纯组的CR率无明显差异（P〉0．05）;伴附加异常组的中位生存时间低于单纯t（8;21）组（P〈0．05）。6例伴有髓外浸润患者的CR率和3年Os率均为0。结论伴附加染色体组与单纯t（8,21）组AML的临床特征有差异,附加染色体异常是t（8;21）AML的一种预后不良因素,伴有附加染色体异常的t（8;21）AML生存时间短于单纯t（8;21）者。     

105例儿童白血病的免疫分型与形态结果分析

目的 研究儿童白血病骨髓细胞形态学及免疫分型之间的关系.方法 对本院2016年新收治的105例儿童白血病进行回顾性分析,总结其流行病学特点及白细胞抗原的表达情况.结果 (1)ALL、AML患儿男女比例分别为2.13∶1,1.44∶1;中位发病年龄分别为3岁,2岁.(2) 105例儿童白血病FAB合型:初诊急性髓系白血病(AML) 22例,急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL) 72例,未分类急性白血病2例,慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)4例,幼年型粒-单核细胞白血病(JMML)2例,神经母细胞瘤(NB)骨髓浸润2例,淋巴瘤骨髓转移1例;72例急慢性白血病免疫分型:急性髓系白血病(AML)16例,急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL) 47例,急性T淋巴细胞白血病(T-ALL)4例,慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)2例,幼年型粒-单核细胞白血病(JMML)1例,淋巴瘤骨髓转移1例,未见明显异常1例.(3)免疫分型与形态学分型完全符合率为91.67％(66/72),部分符合率为2.78％(2/72),完全不符合率为5.55％(4/72).(4)CD19、CD34、CD10、HLA-DR在儿童急性B淋巴细胞白血病中表达高,分别为100.00％(47/47)、80.85％(38/47)、89.36％(42/47)、100.00％(47/47);CD20在儿童急性B淋巴细胞白血病中表达均为12.77％(6/47);而CD13和CD33在儿童急性B淋巴细胞白血病中的表达率均为21.28％(10/47).结论 免疫分型对儿童白血病的诊断有重要作用,但并不能完全取代形态学分析,同时弥补了骨髓常规检查的不足.     

Chloroamphetamine did not prevent the effects of chronic antidepressants on 5-hydroxytryptamine inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase in rat hippocampus.

Administration of p-chloroamphetamine (PCA, 10 mg/kg i.p. on two occasions) to rats resulted in a severe depletion of [3H]paroxetine binding sites, a measure of presynaptic serotonergic terminals, in both cortex and hippocampus, but did not affect [3H]8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin [( 3H]8-OH-DPAT) binding or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase in hippocampal membranes. Administration of either imipramine (15 mg/kg i.p. for 2 weeks) or lithium (0.2% for 2 weeks) to PCA-treated rats did not affect [3H]8-OH-DPAT binding but reduced the degree of inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase by 5-HT in hippocampal membranes. It is concluded that the effects of imipramine and Li+ on 5-HT1A receptor-mediated responses in the hippocampus are exerted postsynaptically, possibly at a level distal to the receptor.     

产前诊断 22号染色体三体嵌合 1例并文献复习

目的 总结22号染色体三体嵌合的临床特征,提高对22号染色体三体嵌合的产前诊断及遗传咨询水平.方法 回顾性分析2018年就诊于安徽省立医院产前诊断中心确诊为22号染色体三体嵌合胎儿的病例1例,并检索相关文献,总结主要临床特征.结果 病人28岁,17+6周无创DNA检测提示22号染色体三体高风险,孕18周产前超声筛查提示无明显异常,孕20周进行羊膜腔穿刺,羊水细胞核型为47,XX,+22[5]/46,XX[69],基因组拷贝数变异测序(CNV-Seq)结果提示22号染色体存在三体嵌合,比例约为20％.相关文献报道22号染色体三体嵌合的临床特征主要包括:低耳位、发育迟缓、先天性心脏病、身体对称生长受限、指甲发育异常、第5指内弯等.结论 22号染色体三体嵌合病人的临床表型具有差异性,产前诊断时应联合多种检测方法尽量避免漏检,同时应告知病人该项检测的局限性,由病人自行决定是否继续妊娠.     

Troglitazone enhances glucose uptake induced by alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in rat heart

1. Thiazolidinedione-derived agents have been reported to act as insulin sensitizers by augmenting insulin-dependent stimulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity in a specific manner. It has been suggested that alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation mediates glucose uptake through PI3K in the heart. 2. To elucidate whether the thiazolidinedione-derived agent troglitazone (TRO) affects glucose uptake induced by alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation through PI3K, the rate of glucose uptake was quantified from the rate of accumulation of sugar phosphate (d[SP]/dt) using [(31)P] nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy after substitution of glucose with 2-deoxyglucose in rat perfused heart. Hearts were stimulated with 100 micromol/L phenylephrine plus 10 micromol/L propranolol (alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation), or 1 micromol/L isoproterenol plus 10 micromol/L phentolamine (beta-adrenoceptor stimulation). 3. The d[SP]/dt in the alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor-stimulated groups (0.45 +/- 0.06 and 0.42 +/- 0.04 micromol/min per g, respectively) was higher than that of the control group (0.27 +/- 0.02 micromol/min per g; P < 0.01). The addition of 2 microg/mL troglitazone to alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation augmented d[SP]/dt (0.72 +/- 0.08 micromol/min per g; P < 0.05 vs the alpha-adrenoceptor-stimulated group), which was effectively blocked by 3 micromol/L wortmannin (0.35 +/- 0.06 micromol/min per g; P < 0.01 vs troglitazone + alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation group). However, addition of troglitazone to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation did not alter d[SP]/dt (0.33 +/- 0.02 micromol/min per g; P = NS vs the beta-adrenoceptor-stimulated group). 4. These results indicate that troglitazone acutely enhances alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation on glucose uptake through a PI3K-dependent pathway, thus possibly improving glucose utilization in a catecholamine-released state.     

Comparative tolerability of drug therapies for hypercalcaemia of malignancy.

The bisphosphonates are the treatment of choice in hypercalcaemia of malignancy. However, plicamycin (mithramycin) an calcitonin treatment may still be of value should bisphophonate treatment fail, and gallium nitrate has recently been introduced as an alternative therapy. We analysed the tolerability of different treatments based on articles identified in a Medline search covering the period 1979 through September 1998. Articles were included if they met two criteria: (i) quantitative assessment of adverse effects; (ii) inclusion of > or = 10 patients. Although bisphosphonates are generally well tolerated, elevation of serum creatinine level, nausea/vomiting and fever have been reported following their application. Patients receiving etidronate (n = 268) or clodronate (n = 127) more frequently experienced creatinine elevation (8 and 5%, respectively) than did patients receiving pamidronate (n = 424; 2%), aledronate (n = 79; 0%), or ibandronate (n = 203; <1%). The difference in the frequency of reported creatinine level elevations reached statistical significance only for etidronate (z-test: p < 0.001 versus pamidronate; p < 0.02 versus alendronate; p < 0.001 versus ibandronate). With regard to the frequency of creatinine level elevations, clodronate treatment did not differ significantly from treatment with pamidronate, alendronate and ibandronate. An exception among the bisphosphonates is tiludronate, which has been reported on s a treatment of hypercalcaemia in only 1 study (n = 19) resulting in 1 case of lethal and 1 case of manageable acute renal failure. Nausea and vomiting are rare adverse effects of bisphosphonate treatment but seem to be more frequent with first generation drugs: etidronate (8%) and clodronate (7%) versus pamidronate (2%) [p < 0.001 and 0.009, respectively] and versus ibandronate (<1%) [p< 0.002 and 0.02, respectively]. Bisphosphonates containing a nitrogen atom were associated with an acute phase reaction leading to reported fever in 16% of pamidronate, 20% of aledronate, and 11% of ibandronate-treated patients. The most frequently reported adverse effects of treatment with the cytostatic drug plicamycin were hepatotoxicity (26%), nausea/vomiting (23%), and serum creatinine level elevation (5%). Furthermore. plicamycin application was associated with bone marrow suppression and a bleeding tendency due to abnormalities in multiple clotting factors and platelet dysfunction. The use of calcitonin is limited more by the short duration of its therapeutic effect than by toxicities (most frequent: nausea/vomiting in 16% of treated cases). The few publications on gallium nitrate in the treatment of hypercalcaemia of malignancy characterise it as an efficient drug, which is, however, associated with a higher frequency of renal toxicity (10%) and of nausea and vomiting (14%) than are the bisphosphonates.     

应用MICM分型联合检测t(8;21)AML

目的 :应用形态学、免疫学、细胞遗传学和分子生物学 (MICM)分型联合检测 t(8;2 1)急性髓细胞性白血病(AML ) ,以提高 t(8;2 1) AML的临床检出率和诊断准确率。方法 :以 4 5例 AML的初诊患者为研究对象 ,分别采用传统的骨髓细胞形态学观察和细胞化学染色进行 FAB分型 ;流式细胞术 (FCM)检测白血病细胞免疫表型 ;骨髓细胞短期培养法常规制备染色体标本 ,RHG显带技术进行核型分析 ;巢式 RT- PCR检测 AML 1- ETO融合转录本。结果 :4 7.1%以上的 t(8;2 1) AML患者有特征性的形态学改变 ,10 0 %的患者 93%以上的白血病细胞 MPO染色呈强阳性 ,t(8;2 1) AML主要见于 FAB- M2 ,但也可见于其他亚型 ;80 %的 t(8;2 1) AML患者伴有常规细胞遗传学可检测到的 t(8;2 1)易位 ;10 0 %的 t(8;2 1) AML患者 AML 1- ETO融合基因阳性 ;t(8;2 1) + 组 CD1 9、CD34 的表达及 CD1 9、CD34 的共表达率明显高于 t(8;2 1) - 组。结论 :t(8;2 1) AML 具有特征性的形态学、细胞遗传学、免疫学和分子生物学改变 ;应用 MICM分型联合检测 t(8;2 1) AML,能提高 t(8;2 1) AML 的检出率和诊断准确率 ,其中 ,采用巢式 RT-PCR检测 AML1- ETO融合转录本在 MICM分型中占有十分重要的地位     

Design of potent dicyclic (1-5/4-10) gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists

In three earlier papers, the structures and biological potencies of numerous mono- and dicyclic antagonists of GnRH were reported. Among these, two families, each containing two to four members were identified that had very high antagonist potencies in an antiovulatory assay (within a factor of 2 of those of the most potent linear analogues) and high affinities (K(i) < 0.5 nM) for the rat GnRH receptor (rGnRHR). The most favored cycles bridged the side chains of residues (4-10),(1,2) (5-8),(2) (4-10/5-8),(2) (1-3),(3) and (1-3/4-10).(3) Our goal was to identify a consensus model of bioactive conformations of GnRH antagonists, yet these biocompatible constraints did not sufficiently restrain the spatial location of the N-terminal tripeptide with respect to the C-terminal heptapeptide, due largely to the rotational freedom about the bonds connecting these regions. Examination of models derived from NMR studies of cyclo(4-10) analogues suggested a large number of possible cyclic constraints such as cyclo (0-8), (1-8), or (2-8). All analogues tested with these substitutions were inactive as antiovulatory agents at 1 mg/rat (5-9) and had low affinity for rGnRHR. On the other hand, bridging positions 3 and 8 with a [DAsp(3)] to [Dbu(8)] (12, K(i) = 13 nM) or [Orn(8)] (13, K(i) = 14 nM) in the parent compound cyclo(3-8)[Ac-DNal(1),DCpa(2),DXaa(3), Arg(5),DNal(6),Xbb(8),DAla(10)]GnRH yielded analogues that blocked ovulation at 250 microgram/rat. Analogue 14 (K(i) = 2.3 nM), with a [DAsp(3), Lys(8)] bridge, was fully active at 50 microgram/rat. Loss of potency (>20-fold) was observed with the substitution of [DAsp(3)] in 14 by [DGlu(3)] in 15 (K(i) = 23 nM). Dicyclic analogues possessing the (4-10) cycle and selected (1-6), (2-6), and (2-8) cycles led to analogues that were inactive at doses of 500 microgram/rat or larger. Two analogues with (1-8/4-10) cycles (16, K(i) = 1.1 nM) or (3-8/4-10) cycles (22, K(i) = 17 nM) showed full antiovulatory potency at 250 microgram/rat. None of these substitutions yielded analogues potent enough (>80% inhibition of ovulation at 5 microgram/rat or less and K(i) < 0.5 nM) to be candidates for structural analysis by NMR. On the other hand, four dicyclic (1, 1'-5/4-10) analogues met this criterion: dicyclo(1, 1'-5/4-10)[Ac-Asp(1)(Gly),DCpa(2),DTrp(3),Asp(4),Dbu(5 ), DNal(6), Dpr(10)]GnRH (32, K(i) = 0.22 nM), dicyclo(1, 1'-5/4-10)[Ac-Asp(1)(Gly),DCpa(2),DNal(3),Asp(4),Dbu(5 ), DNal(6), Dpr(10)]GnRH (34, K(i) = 0.38 nM), dicyclo(1, 1'-5/4-10)[Ac-Asp(1)(betaAla),DCpa(2), DTrp(3),Asp(4),Dbu(5),DNal(6), Dpr(10)]GnRH (40, K(i) = 0.15 nM), and dicyclo(1, 1'-5/4-10)[Ac-Glu(1)(Gly), DCpa(2),DTrp(3),Asp(4),Dbu(5),DNal(6), Dpr(10)]GnRH (41, K(i) = 0.24 nM). Since they differed slightly in terms of the (1,1'-5) bridge length (21 and 22 atoms) and bridgehead configuration, we may hypothesize that they assume similar bioactive conformations that satisfy a very discriminating receptor, since many other closely related analogues were significantly less potent.     

Action of cyclooxygenase inhibitors and a leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor on cisplatin-induced acute and delayed emesis in the ferret

Cisplatin at 5 mg/kg, i.p. induced an acute (day 1) and delayed (days 2 and 3) emetic response in the ferret that was used to investigate the anti-emetic activity of the non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (3 - 30 mg/kg, i.p., three times per day) and two cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, DFU [5,5-dimethyl-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-methylsulphonyl)phenyl-2(5H)-furanone; 1 - 10 mg/kg, i.p. administered at 40 and 48 h] and L-745,337 [5-methanesulphonamido-6-(2,4-diflurothiophenyl)-1-indanone; 10 mg/kg, i.p., administered at 40 and 48 h]. Only indomethacin potentiated significantly cisplatin-induced retching + vomiting (P<0.05); DFU antagonized delayed emesis (P<0.05) but the action was not dose-related and L-745,337 was inactive (P>0.05). However, indomethacin alone (30 mg/kg) also induced emesis (P<0.05). The leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor, MK-886 {3-[1-(p-chlorobenzyl)-5-(isopropyl)-3-tert-butylthioindol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid; 1 - 10 mg/kg, i.p., three times per day} had no action to modify cisplatin-induced emesis (P>0.05). The combination treatment of indomethacin (10 mg/kg, i.p., three times per day) with MK-886 (10 mg/kg, i.p., three times per day) did not antagonize cisplatin-induced acute delayed retching + vomiting and had a different profile compared to the action of dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, i.p., three times per day; P<0.05). Inhibition of the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways does not account for the anti-emetic of dexamethasone.     

Characterization of the adenosine receptors mediating hypothermia in the conscious mouse.

1. The effects of a range of adenosine receptor-selective ligands on body temperature were investigated following intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection in conscious mice. The compounds tested were the non-selective adenosine receptor agonist 5'-N-ethyl-carboxamidoadenosine (NECA), the adenosine A1 receptor-selective agonists cyclopentyl-adenosine (CPA), N6-(9R-phenyl-isopropyl)-adenosine (R-PIA) and N-(1S,trans)-[2-hydroxyclopentyl]-adenosine (GR79236), the A2a receptor selective agonist 2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxyamidoaden osine (CGS-21680), the A2b receptor agonist N-[(2-methylphenyl)methyl[adenosine (metrifudil) and the A3 receptor agonist N6-(4-aminophenylethyl)adenosine (APNEA). 2. NECA (0.01-1 microgram, i.c.v.), all of the A1-selective agonists (0.01-1 microgram, i.c.v.) and APNEA (0.1-3 micrograms i.c.v.) produced profound and dose-related hypothermia and sedation. However, CGS-21680 (0.1-10 micrograms i.c.v.) and metrifudil (0.01-1 microgram i.c.v.), produced only mild hypothermia at the highest doses tested. 3. The hypothermic response to the A1 receptor-selective agonists, GR79236 and R-PIA was dose-dependently antagonized by peripheral administration of either the non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist, 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT, approximately 40 and 30 fold rightward shifts of the dose-response curves respectively at 10 mg kg-1, i.p.), or the adenosine A1 receptor-selective antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX, approximately 20 fold shift of the GR79236 dose-response curve at 1 mg kg-1, i.p.). The hypothermic response to APNEA was similarly dose-dependently antagonized by the A1 receptor-selective antagonist, DPCPX (5 fold shift at 0.1 mg kg-1, i.p.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Multiple mechanisms are involved in the acute vasodilatory effect of 17beta-estradiol in the isolated perfused rat heart.

The purpose of this study was to define the dose-dependent effects of 17beta-estradiol on coronary flow and cardiac function in isolated rat hearts and to identify the mechanisms involved in its vasodilator action. Hearts from female and male Wistar rats were perfused at constant pressure (100 mm Hg). Stereoisomer specificity and the mechanism of vasodilation by 17beta-estradiol were examined in female rat hearts. Function was measured by a left ventricular (LV) balloon and coronary flow (CF) with an ultrasonic flowmeter. 17Beta-estradiol at 10(-6), 5 x 10(-6), and 10(-5) M increased CF in female hearts by 5 +/- 2, 27 +/- 4 (p < 0.05 vs. baseline), and 40 +/- 4% (p < 0.05 vs. baseline), respectively. The effect of 17beta-estradiol in hearts from male rats was similar but less pronounced compared with females [deltaCF 8 +/- 3, 19 +/- 3 (p < 0.05 vs. baseline)] and 25 +/- 7% (p < 0.05 vs. baseline; p < 0.05 vs. female 17beta-estradiol). Maximum vasodilation by the stereoisomer 17alpha-estradiol was significantly smaller [deltaCF 5 +/- 3, 4 +/- 3 (p < 0.05 vs. female 17beta-estradiol) and 14 +/- 1% (p < 0.05 vs. baseline; p < 0.05 vs. female 17beta-estradiol)] for 10(-6), 5 x 10(-6), and 10(-5) M. Pretreatment with the NO-synthesis inhibitor Nomega-methyl-L-arginine (10(-4) M) had no effect on the maximal vasodilator response to 17beta-estradiol (10(-5) M) [deltaCF 36 +/- 6% (p < 0.05 vs. baseline)]. When hearts were pretreated with the prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitor diclofenac (10(-6) M), the maximal vasodilator effect of 17beta-estradiol was partially attenuated [deltaCF 12 +/- 7% (p < 0.05 vs. female 17beta-estradiol)]. Similarly, pretreatment with the K+ATP-blocker glibenclamide (10(-6) M) partially inhibited the maximal vasodilator effect of 17beta-estradiol [deltaCF 22 +/- 6% (p < 0.05 vs. baseline; p < 0.05 vs. female 17beta-estradiol)]. Pretreatment with the Ca2+ channel antagonist nifedipine (7.2 x 10(-8) M) completely blocked the vasodilator effect. In isolated perfused rat hearts, 17beta-estradiol induced marked acute coronary vasodilation; this effect is in part gender specific, and in female hearts, largely stereoisomer specific. The dilator effect is mediated predominantly by calcium channel blockade, but prostaglandin release and K+ATP channel activation also are involved. In the isolated perfused rat heart, NO production does not contribute to the acute vasodilator effect of 17beta-estradiol.     

钙拮抗剂TMB-8抑制BHQ,NE和KCl引起的培养乳牛基底动脉单个平滑肌细胞内游离钙的升高

用AR CM MIC阳离子测定系统,测量单个细胞内游离钙浓度([Ca²⁺]i),研究8-(N,N-二乙胺)-n-辛基 3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酸酯(TMB-8)对培养乳牛基底动脉平滑肌[Ca²⁺]i的作用。在细胞外钙浓度为1.3mmol·L^-1时,TMB-8(30μmol·L^-1)可明显抑制BHQ,NE及KCl引起[Ca²⁺]i的升高。在细胞外钙为零+EGTA 0.1mmol·L^-1时,TMB-8(10,30及100μmol·L^-1)可浓度依赖性地降低静息[Ca²⁺]i,TMB-8(30μmol·L^-1)可几乎完全阻断BHQ及NE引起[Ca²⁺]i的增加。研究表明TMB-8降低培养乳牛基底动脉平滑肌[Ca²⁺]i的机制,主要是抑制肌浆网Ca²⁺的释放,或增加肌浆网对Ca²⁺的摄入,并由此间接地抑制细胞外钙的内流。