使用与不用骨水泥固定人工膝关节置换术后疗效的比较

探讨使用与不同骨水泥固定氧化铝陶瓷制ＮＣＵ型ＴＫＡ术后的疗效。１９８９－１９９５年，为了治疗晚期骨性关节病及类风湿病，共施行ＮＣＵ型ＴＫＡ６８例１０３个关节。对获得平均随访５年８个月的６５例９９个关节的以胫骨假体为中心的临床评价及Ｘ线计测的结果进行了比较性分析。     

非骨水泥型与骨水泥型胫骨平台假体在人工全膝关节置换中的中短期临床疗效比较

背景:目前,骨水泥型全膝关节置换术仍是全膝关节置换(total knee arthroplasty, TKA)的金标准,但随着假体制造工艺的提高,尤其是小梁金属在关节假体中的应用,逐渐克服了早期非骨水泥型TKA缺点,理论可获得更高的生存率,但其临床效果尚存争议。目的:比较非骨水泥钽金属一体化胫骨平台(tantalum monoblock tibial component, TMT)与骨水泥型胫骨平台在全膝关节置换中的中短期临床疗效。方法:回顾性研究2012年7月至2016年7月获得随访的440例因膝关节骨关节炎选用同系列股骨假体的TKA患者术后临床效果,其中,234例患者选用TMT,共350个膝关节;206例患者选用骨水泥型胫骨平台假体,共332个膝关节;比较分析两组术后关节活动度、KSS评分、VAS评分、WOMAC评分、SF-36评分、术后X线评价、并发症及中短期假体生存率。结果:两组术后ROM、KSS、VAS、WOMAC、SF-36等评分比较无统计学差异(P> 0.05); TMT组假体周围关节感染(periprosthetic joint infection, PJI)发生率较骨水泥组低(P=0.03),术后其他并发症及假体生存率方面两组间无统计学差异(P>0.05);末次影像学检查两组均未见>1 mm或进行性发展的透亮线,TMT组术后早期透亮线逐渐消失,展现出良好的骨长入特性;两组胫骨平台β角(胫骨假体内翻角)、δ角(胫骨假体后倾角)无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:与骨水泥型胫骨平台比较,TMT并未增加TKA术后膝关节早期功能锻炼的失败率,二者在临床效果、影像学评价等方面无统计学差异;但应用TMT的患者PJI发生率较低,并展现出良好的骨长入特性,因而理论上可获得更高的长期假体生存率。     

骨水泥与非骨水泥固定在初次全膝关节置换术中的应用:系统评价和meta分析

背景:全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗终末期膝关节疾病的效果已被公认。目前TKA中假体-骨的固定形式主要有骨水泥固定和非骨水泥固定两种;前者应用广泛,但理想的假体固定方法仍存在争议。目的:通过meta分析评价骨水泥或非骨水泥固定在初次TKA中的优缺点,探讨其不同的适应证并提出TKA的最佳固定方式。方法:通过检索策略检索PubMed、The Cochrane Library、EMbase、CNKI、VIP、CBM和万方数据库,收集所有TKA术中骨水泥和非骨水泥固定的报道,采用RevMan 5.1软件进行meta分析。结果:最终纳入17项研究,并对其报道的结局指标进行合并分析。其中9项研究报道了TKA术后5年内的膝关节假体生存率,发现骨水泥固定组与非骨水泥固定组间生存率有显著统计学差异(RR=1.02,95%CI:1.00~1.05,P=0.02),但5年后的膝关节假体生存率无统计学差异(RR=1.01,95%CI:0.97~1.04,P=0.75)。术后假体相关并发症,骨水泥与非骨水泥固定组间无显著统计学差异(RR=0.97,95%CI:0.75~1.27,P=0.84)。影像学指标:术后两组间胫骨组件位置在冠状位及矢状位上偏移度数存在统计学差异,其他指标无统计学意义。结论:非骨水泥固定TKA植入组件发生偏转的概率相对较高,但非骨水泥固定TKA在假体中期生存率和临床疗效方面与骨水泥固定结果相似。为了更全面、准确地评价骨水泥固定与非骨水泥固定的长期生存率、安全性、临床及放射学指标,还需进一步研究。     

骨水泥强化椎弓根钉与否治疗退变性腰椎疾患临床分析

目的通过临床对骨水泥强化椎弓根钉与否术后病人的疗效比较分析,探讨骨水泥强化椎弓根钉在老年退变性腰椎疾患的临床应用价值。方法将40例退变性腰椎疾患需手术的患者随机分成A、B两组,每组20例,A组先行椎弓根钉钉道灌注稍黏稠的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥（每钉道2～3mL）后进行常规椎弓根钉固定加植骨融合术,B组常规椎弓根钉固定加植骨融合术,分别对术中椎弓根钉把持力以及采用JOA临床腰椎手术评分系统、X线片滑脱复位的Boxall标准及椎体间骨性融合的Cook等标准对疗效进行综合评定。结果 40例患者都得到有效随访,随访时间为6～18个月,平均随访8.4个月。A组20例患者中术后全部主观满意,术后采用JOA评分标准评价,总体优良率为90.87%,术后X线片根据Boxall指数标准,复位优良率为100%,植骨融合率100%,植骨融合时间为3～6个月,平均为3.7个月;B组20例患者中有17例术后主观满意,满意率为85%,术后采用JOA评分标准评价,总体优良率为81.56%,术后X线根据Boxall指数标准,复位优良率为80%,植骨融合率为80%,植骨融合时间为3.2～8个月,平均4.8个月,1例术后3个月因椎弓根钉松脱施行骨水泥强化加增粗椎弓根螺钉翻修术,术后主观满意。结论椎弓根钉经骨水泥强化后的近期效果明显优于常规术式,可明显减少术后内植物的失效,提高初次手术的成功率。术中应注意防止骨水泥的外渗漏,减少骨水泥固化过程中发热对周围组织的灼伤;远期效果有待进一步随访比较。     

骨水泥型与非骨水泥型人工全髋关节置换术的比较

目的评价骨水泥型和非骨水泥型人工全髋关节置换术的术中、术后临床效果。方法对52例患者(54髋)进行人工髋关节置换治疗,其中骨水泥组20例(20髋),非骨水泥组32例(34髋)。术后随访进行髋关节Harris评分、自主功能恢复Parker评分,并观察术后死亡率、假体翻修率及其他并发症的发生情况。结果与骨水泥型组相比,非骨水泥型组术中手术时间短、失血量少,两组差异有显著性(P0.05)。骨水泥组1例患者住院时出现深静脉血栓形成,非骨水泥组有3例住院时出现深静脉血栓形成。骨水泥组置换后3个月,14例患者可独立行走,5例需助步器辅助行走,1例仅能活动(卧床活动);非骨水泥组23例患者可独立行走,9例需助步器辅助行走。置换后1年,在患者髋关节Harris评分和患者自主功能恢复Parker评分方面,两组之间均无显著差异。置换后3年,骨水泥组有4例翻修(均为假体松动),翻修率20%。而非骨水泥组仅有3例翻修(均为假体松动),翻修率9.37%,但两组之间差异无显著性(P0.05)。另外,随访期间骨水泥组有1例患者死亡。结论应用非骨水泥假体可明显降低全髋关节置换术的手术时间和失血量。随访期内骨水泥型和非骨水泥型双动头假体置换术的临床疗效无显著差异。     

148髋Ribbed假体全髋关节置换的临床研究

目的评价Ribbed解剖型非骨水泥固定股骨假体的临床应用效果。方法回顾性分析2001年6月至2009年6月应用解剖型非骨水泥固定股骨假体行全髋关节置换的患者156例（163髋）,实际获得临床及X线片随访143例（148髋）。随访时间3～93个月,平均47个月。所用假体均为LINK公司生产的Ribbed假体。结果术后Harris评分71.95分,平均91．7分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;术后髋关节功能优良率达91．5％。随访x线片均未见明显透光线及假体内外翻移位,且未发现股骨柄假体无菌松动。结论Ribbed解剖型假体设计独特,临床随访效果满意。     

人工全髋置换骨水泥和无骨水泥假体术后疗效及假臼可能生存率比较

目的评价人工全髋关节置换术骨水泥和无骨水泥假体术后假臼可能生存率。方法对105例(108髋)进行随访,其中骨水泥组62例(63髋),无骨水泥组43例(45髋),并对术后患者进行综合性评价和分析。结果两组患者术后假臼可能生存率无显著差异。结论无论骨水泥假体还是无骨水泥假体患者术后疗效相似,假体都没有达到理想固定的效果。     

Titan型骨水泥假体柄中长期随访结果

目的观察Titan型骨水泥假体柄在初次全髋置换中的中远期结果。方法所有55例患者均进行术前术后以及临床随访功能评定,随访X线片了解假体情况,采用Harris评分系统进行临床功能评价。结果因其他疾病死亡5例,失访10例,40例得到随访。1名患者因髋臼侧松动行翻修后假体不匹配行股骨柄翻修术,股骨柄的生存率为97.5%。结论 Titan骨水泥假体因其特殊的设计取得了良好的临床效果,正确使用骨水泥技术,骨水泥固定股骨柄可以取得良好的中长期效果。     

骨水泥强化椎弓根钉治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性爆裂骨折

目的探讨应用骨水泥（poly—methylmethacrylate,PMMA）强化椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性爆裂骨折的疗效。方法2009年1月至2011年1月应用骨水泥强化椎弓根钉内固定治疗12例胸腰椎骨质疏松性爆裂骨折患者。临床疗效采用视觉模拟（visualanaloguescale,VAS）疼痛评分、ASIA残损分级方法进行评定,应用X线片评估术后内固定效果。结果12例患者术后获6424个月（平均13．4个月）随访,VAS疼痛评分术前平均7．9分降至术后平均1．2分,7例合并神经损伤的患者ASIA残损分级术后改善1～2级。61枚椎弓根钉中44枚行骨水泥强化,术后所有患者均未出现与骨水泥渗漏有关的神经症状和体征。X线片示椎弓根钉未发生松动及脱出,周围无透亮线出现。后凸角由术前平均22．6°改善至术后平均10．3°,末次随访时后凸角平均为14．3°。结论应用骨水泥强化椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性爆裂骨折可获得满意的临床疗效。     

骨水泥型全髋关节置换术治疗老年性髋关节骨折的体会

目的观察骨水泥型全髋关节置换术治疗老年性髋关节骨折的效果。方法对65例老年性髋关节骨折患者实施骨水泥型全髋关节置换术,并对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 65例患者均顺利完成手术。术后1周X线片示假体位置均良好。术后平均随访13.6个月,复查X线片显示假体位置良好,无松动、下沉及脱位。末次随访依据髋关节功能评分标准:本组患者髋关节功能优良率为86.15%(56/65)。患者日常生活均可自理或基本自理。结论骨水泥型全髋关节置换术治疗老年性髋关节骨折,创伤小、操作简单、术后并发症少及髋关节功能恢复好。     

Simultaneous cemented and cementless total knee replacement in the same patients: a prospective comparison of long-term outcomes using an identical design of NexGen prosthesis

The purpose of this prospective, randomised study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological results comparing the identical cemented or cementless NexGen total knee prostheses implanted bilaterally in the same patient. Sequential simultaneous bilateral total knee replacements were performed in 50 patients (100 knees). There were 39 women and 11 men with a mean age of 58.4 years (51 to 67) who received a cemented prosthesis in one knee and a cementless prosthesis in the other. The mean follow-up was 13.6 years (13 to 14). At final review, the mean Knee Society scores (96.2 (82 to 100) versus 97.7 (90 to 100)), the mean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (34.5 (4 to 59) versus 35.6 (5 to 51)), the mean ranges of knee movement (124° (100° to 140°) versus 128° (110° to 140°)), mean patient satisfaction (8.1 (SD 1.9) versus 8.3 (SD 1.7)), and radiological results were similar in both groups. The rate of survival of the femoral components was 100% in both groups at 14 years. The rate of survival of the cemented tibial component was 100% and 98% in the cementless tibial component. No osteolysis was identified in either group. Our data have shown no advantage of cementless over cemented components in total knee replacement.     

Results of 1,000 performance knees: Cementless versus cemented fixation

A total of 893 patients with 1,000 Performance total knee prostheses were retrospectively studied. The mean follow-up was 5.2 years. In 584 cases, the femoral and tibial components were implanted using cementless techniques, and in 416 knees the femoral and tibial components were cemented. All patients received a cemented all polyethylene patellar replacement. Tibial bone density determined fixation type. The average age of patients with cementless fixation was 64.3 years versus 76.2 years for patients with cemented implants. The average subjective and functional Knee Society scores were 91.2 and 90.1 for patients with cementless knees and 89.6 and 83.5 for those with cemented replacements. A surprising absence of osteolysis around screw fixation was noted, and at 5 years, there was 99% implant survival.     

Minimum 30-Year Results of Bilaterally Implanted Cemented and Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients Younger Than 50 Years

BackgroundThe rate of failure of cemented and cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) in younger patients is higher than that in elderly patients. The purpose of this study is to document the long-term clinical results of THA with the so-called third-generation cementing and the results of second-generation cementless THA in patients <50 years of age.MethodsThis study included 106 patients who had had bilateral THA with a cemented stem in one hip and a cementless stem in the other. There were 78 men and 28 women. Their mean age was 47 years (range, 21-49). The average follow-up duration was 31 years (range, 30-32.5).ResultsThere were similar mean Harris Hip Scores (90 versus 91 points) between the groups at the final follow-up. Forty-six acetabular components (43%) in the cemented group and 48 acetabular components (45%) in the cementless group were revised. Five femoral components (5%) in the cemented group and 4 femoral components (4%) in the cementless group were revised. Survivorship of the acetabular component at 30.8 years was similar in both groups (57% in the cemented group versus 55% in the cementless group). Survivorship of the femoral component at 30.8 years was also similar in both groups (95% in the cemented group versus 96% in the cementless group).ConclusionLong-term fixation of the cemented or cementless femoral stem was outstanding. There was a high rate of the acetabular component revision due to conventional polyethylene wear and periacetabular osteolysis in both hybrid and fully cementless THA groups.     

The 22 to 25-Year Survival of Cemented and Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty in Young Patients

BackgroundDespite cementless total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) have potential advantages over cemented TKAs, there are conflicting results. The purpose of the present study is to determine the long-term clinical and radiographic results, the survival rate, and the prevalence of osteolysis of cemented vs cementless TKAs.MethodsA total of 261 patients (522 knees) who underwent bilateral simultaneous TKAs were included in the present study (mean age, 62.5 ± 5.5 years). Patients were evaluated clinically, radiographically, and also using computed tomography scans. A mean follow-up period was 23.8 years (range, 22-25 years).ResultsThere were no significant differences between the Knee Society total score, change in total score, knee function score, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score in the 2 groups. In total, 8 knees (3%) were revised in the cementless group and 5 knees (2%) in the cemented group. Radiographs and computed tomography scans showed no femoral, tibial, or patellar osteolysis in either group. The rate of survival at 25 years was 97% (95% confidence interval [CI], 92%-100%) in the cementless group and 98% (95% CI, 94%-100%) in the cemented group, with reoperation for any reason as the end point. The rate of survival at 25 years was 98% (95% CI, 94%-100%), with reoperation for aseptic loosening as the end point in both groups.ConclusionsAt this length of follow-up, cementless TKA has comparable outcomes and survivorship to cemented TKA.     

Increased Survivorship of Cementless versus Cemented TKA in the Morbidly Obese. A Minimum 5-Year Follow-Up

Background

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the morbidly obese patients can be challenging with an increased risk of complications. Studies have shown increased aseptic failures with well-aligned cemented TKAs in the obese patient. The purpose of this study is to determine if TKA in the morbidly obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 40) using cementless implants would demonstrate improved results and survivorship compared to cemented TKA at a minimum 5-year follow-up.

Results of Cemented vs Cementless Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Using the Same Implant Design

Background

Although cemented total knee arthroplasty (TKA) continues to be the gold standard, there are patient populations with higher failure rates with cemented TKAs such as the obese, morbidly obese, and younger active males. Cementless TKA usage continues to increase because of the potential benefits of long-term biologic fixation similar to the rise in cementless total hip arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of cementless TKA using a novel highly porous cementless tibial baseplate.

Tibial component fixation with a peri-apatite coating: evaluation by radiostereometric analysis in a canine total knee arthroplasty model

Cementless fixation for the tibial component in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains problematic. Peri-Apatite (PA), a solution-deposited hydroxyapatite, is under investigation as an option for improving the fixation of cementless tibial components. In this study, radiostereometric analysis was used to document implant migration in 48 dogs that underwent TKA with cementless, PA-coated, or cemented tibial components. Migration at 12 weeks was similar in the 2 groups. At 12 months, there was greater migration in the PA-coated group, but the difference between the 2 groups was below the threshold considered clinically significant. In this canine TKA model, cementless fixation with PA performed less well than did cemented fixation, but not to a degree that would make a clinical difference in the short term.     

Hybrid component fixation in total knee arthroplasty: minimum of 10-year follow-up study

Hybrid total knee arthroplasty (TKA) (uncemented femur with cemented tibia and patella) was introduced in the late 1980s to gain the theoretical advantage of durable cementless femoral fixation while avoiding the problems noted with cementless tibial fixation. From December 1992 to July 2000, 215 patients (235 knees) who underwent hybrid TKA were enrolled in this study. Five types of prosthesis (AGC, Maxim, LCS-M, LCS-APG, and Scorpio) were used. Revision rate for aseptic loosening was 16 (6.8%) of 235 knees. At 10 and 15 years, survivorship with tibial or femoral revision as the end point was 0.95 and 0.92, respectively. Hybrid TKA provides durable fixation with clinical and radiographic performance at minimum 10 years comparable with cemented series.     

Cementless and cemented total knee arthroplasty in patients younger than fifty five years. Which is better?

Purpose

The purpose of this prospective, randomised study was to evaluate long-term clinical results, radiographic findings, complications and revision and survivorship rates in patients <55 years at a minimum of 16 years after undergoing bilateral, sequential, simultaneous, cemented and cementless total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) in the same patients.

Methods

Bilateral, sequential, simultaneous TKAs were performed in 80 patients (160 knees). There were 63 women and 17 men with a mean age of 54.3 years (range 49–55), who received a cementless prosthesis in one knee and a cemented prosthesis in the other. The mean follow-up was 16.6 years (range 16–17).

Results

At final review, the mean Knee Society (KS) knee scores (95.8 versus 96.9), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) osteoarthritis (OA) index (25.4 versus 25.9), range of motion (ROM) (125°versus 128°), patient satisfaction (8.1 versus 8.3) and radiological results were similar in both groups. Femoral component survival rate was 100 % in both groups at 17 years; at 17 years, the cemented tibial component survival rate was 100 % and the cementless tibial component 98.7 %. No osteolysis was identified in either group.

Conclusion

Long-term results of both cementless and cemented TKAs were encouraging in patients with OA who were <55 years. However, we found no evidence to prove the superiority of cementless over cemented TKAs.     

Cemented Versus Cementless Fixation of a Tibial Component in LCS Mobile-Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty Performed by a Single Surgeon

Although cemented tibial fixation of total knee arthroplasty accepted as the gold standard, cementless fixation as a means to supplement disadvantages of cemented fixation continues to be of interest to clinicians. One hundred sixty-eight consecutive knees undergoing primary knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to receive either a cemented (86 knees) or cementless (82 knees) fixation of tibial component. We report the outcomes at 8 to 11 years (mean, 9.5). The mean KSS, the HSS score, the mean WOMAC, the mean ranges of knee movement and radiological results were similar in both groups. No osteolysis was identified in either group. The rate of survival of the femoral and tibial components was 100% in both groups at final follow-up.