肢端黏液炎症性成纤维细胞肉瘤临床病理学特征分析

目的探讨罕见的肢端黏液炎症性成纤维细胞肉瘤的临床病理学特征。方法回顾分析4例肢端黏液炎症性成纤维细胞肉瘤的临床资料,观察4例肢端黏液炎症性成纤维细胞肉瘤的形态及免疫表型。结果患者男3例,女1例,年龄45⁶1岁,平均52岁;肢端黏液炎性成纤维细胞肉瘤具有特征性的异型细胞,包括假脂肪母细胞、印戒样细胞及病毒样细胞、神经节细胞和R-S细胞。组织结构由明显黏液样区、纤维透明变性和炎症性病变混杂组成。肿瘤细胞表达vim阳性,CD34、SMA和CD68部分阳性,S-100和CD30均为阴性,Ki-67指数3例10%61岁,平均52岁;肢端黏液炎性成纤维细胞肉瘤具有特征性的异型细胞,包括假脂肪母细胞、印戒样细胞及病毒样细胞、神经节细胞和R-S细胞。组织结构由明显黏液样区、纤维透明变性和炎症性病变混杂组成。肿瘤细胞表达vim阳性,CD34、SMA和CD68部分阳性,S-100和CD30均为阴性,Ki-67指数3例10%¹5%,1例约为25%。结论肢端黏液炎症性成纤维细胞肉瘤是一种低度恶性的罕见肿瘤,极易与良性肿瘤混淆,因组织学多样而易于误诊,掌握其共同的特征性方能正确诊断。     

黏液炎症性纤维母细胞肉瘤的临床病理学特征

目的 探讨黏液炎症性纤维母细胞肉瘤的病理形态学特征、免疫组化及鉴别诊断.方法 对1例发生于腋窝的黏液炎症性纤维母细胞肉瘤进行形态学观察及免疫组化标记,并结合文献复习.结果 肿瘤组织由炎症性区、黏液性区及纤维化区组成.最明显的特征是,有明显异型的肥胖的梭形细胞、神经节细胞样细胞、畸形的RS样细胞或病毒样细胞,还可见到脂母细胞样细胞.免疫组化示肿瘤细胞vimentin和CD68(+),淋巴细胞LCA、CD20和CD3(+),CD30、CD15、EMA、CK、SMA、desmin、S-100、HMB45和CD34均为(-).结论 黏液炎症性纤维母细胞肉瘤是一种罕见的主要发生于肢端软组织的低度恶性肿瘤,肿瘤细胞由变异的纤维母细胞衍化而来,具有独特的病理学特征.由于突出的炎症性背景及黏液样基质,极易误诊为炎症性病变及其他良、恶性肿瘤.肿瘤在局部呈侵袭性生长,复发率较高,临床应完整切除.     

黏液炎症性纤维母细胞肉瘤1例报告并文献复习

目的 探讨黏液炎症性纤维母细胞肉瘤(MIFS)的病理特征及鉴别诊断.方法 对1例黏液炎症性纤维母细胞肉瘤进行病理学观察并文献复习.结果 肿瘤最明显的特征是:有明显异型的肥胖的梭形细胞、神经节细胞样细胞、畸形的RS样细胞或病毒样细胞,还可见到脂母细胞样细胞.免疫组化示肿瘤细胞Vimentin和SMA阳性.结论 MIFS是一种罕见的低度恶性的纤维母细胞肉瘤,易被误诊为良性病变,熟悉其形态学特点有助于诊断和鉴别诊断.     

黏液炎症性纤维母细胞肉瘤2例临床病理观察

目的探讨黏液炎症性纤维母细胞肉瘤的临床病理特征、免疫表型、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法通过HE和免疫组化染色对2例黏液炎症性纤维母细胞肉瘤的临床病理学特征进行分析并文献复习。结果 2例黏液炎症性纤维母细胞肉瘤,分别发生于左前臂及左肘部。组织学上表现为界限不清的浸润性生长的结节样肿物,呈现显著的黏液背景,伴大量炎细胞浸润。散在分布于炎细胞中的肿瘤细胞为纤维母细胞样细胞,部分为梭形或上皮样,部分为大多角形或奇异形,核仁明显;可见类似于霍奇金淋巴瘤中的RS细胞的双核细胞。免疫组化显示vimentin(+),部分细胞CD68(+);CD3、CD20、CD30、CD31、CD34和SMA均(-)。结论本瘤为较罕见的具有局部侵袭性的交界性肿瘤,应与一些良性及恶性的软组织肿瘤及肿瘤样病变相鉴别。     

黏液炎症性纤维母细胞肉瘤1例报道

黏液炎症性纤维母细胞肉瘤（myxoinflammatory fibroblasticsarcoma,MIFS）是一种好发于肢端的罕见的低度恶性软组织肉瘤。现将我院遇见的1例报告如下,并结合文献讨论,以期提高对本病的认识。     

表浅肢端纤维黏液瘤的临床病理特点

目的:探讨表浅肢端纤维黏液瘤的临床病理特点。方法:对2例表浅肢端纤维黏液瘤进行临床病理及免疫组化分析。结果:患者男女各1例,发现左足趾及右食指肿块,体积为3.0cm×2.0cm×2.0cm及2.5cm×2.0cm×1.0cm。镜下,肿瘤界限清楚,无包膜;梭形和星形肿瘤细胞呈束状、编织状排列在胶原化和黏液状的背景中,其间有较多分支状血管,肿瘤细胞无明显异型性。2例肿瘤细胞表达波形蛋白(vimentin)、EMA、CD34,1例结蛋白(desmin)局灶阳性,CK、SMA、S-100和CD99均阴性。结论:表浅肢端纤维黏液瘤是十分罕见的成纤维细胞(或成肌纤维细胞)来源的良性肿瘤,要与表浅血管黏液瘤、纤维组织细胞瘤、硬化性神经束膜瘤、隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤和肢端黏液炎症性成纤维细胞肉瘤等鉴别。     

黏液炎症性纤维母细胞肉瘤临床病理特点

目的 探讨黏液炎症性纤维母细胞肉瘤(MIFS)的临床病理学特征、免疫学表型及鉴别诊断.方法 对2例四肢的MIFS进行光镜观察和免疫组化标记,并文献复习.结果 MIFS可发生于任何年龄段,多发于40～50岁,肿块位于肢端皮下组织,境界不清,生长缓慢,偶伴疼痛.镜检:病变呈多结节状,玻璃样和黏液样间质相间的背景中有大量急慢性炎症细胞浸润.病变中肿瘤细胞呈3种典型形态:梭形细胞、神经节样细胞或RS细胞样细胞和脂母细胞样细胞.免疫组化:瘤细胞vimentin、CD34弥漫(+),CD68和Mac387灶性(+),SMA、CK、HHF-35、S-100、CD30和CD15均(-).结论 MIFS是一种罕见的低度恶性软组织肉瘤,瘤细胞由变异的纤维母细胞衍化而来.该瘤在局部呈侵袭性生长,具有较高的复发率,偶有转移.推荐局部扩大切除治疗.     

黏液炎症性纤维母细胞肉瘤1例报道

<正>黏液炎症性纤维母细胞肉瘤(myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma,MIFS)是一种独特的低度恶性肿瘤,具有黏液样间质、炎细胞浸润和病毒细胞样细胞,主要累及手、足[1]。本瘤罕见易误诊。本文报道1例并结合文献探讨其临床及病理学特点。1临床资料患者女性,76岁。发现左上臂肿物1年,逐渐缓慢增大入院。患者1年前有外伤史,行左肘部血     

低度恶性纤维黏液样肉瘤2例报告及文献复习

目的 探讨低度恶性纤维黏液样肉瘤（LGFS）的临床病理特点、诊断和预后。方法 对2例LGFS进行光镜、电镜、组化和免疫组化观察并结合文献进行分析。结果 肿瘤由纤维性区和黏液样区混合构成,二者呈交错相间排列;纤维性区瘤细胞呈旋涡状排列;黏液样区瘤细胞散在;细胞核轻度异型;PAS染色黏液样区和肿瘤细胞浆内均为阴性,免疫组化标记vimentin、NSE阳性。电镜观察瘤细胞呈平细胞与肌纤维母细胞的特点。结论 LGFS是一种来源于纤维母细胞独立存在进展缓慢的低度恶性软组织肉瘤,易误诊为良性。病理诊断依赖于组织学、免疫组化和电镜观察,电镜在该瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断中具有重要价值。     

甲状腺原发性黏液纤维肉瘤临床病理观察

目的探讨原发于甲状腺罕见的黏液纤维肉瘤(MFS)的临床病理特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法对1例甲状腺原发性黏液纤维肉瘤的临床表现、组织学形态及免疫组化进行分析,并复习相关文献。结果患者男性,71岁。颈部增强CT及彩超示双侧甲状腺内占位性病变。光镜下肿瘤由纤维结缔组织分隔呈多结节状,肿瘤细胞为梭形或星芒状,呈紊乱或条束状排列于黏液样间质中,可见具有形态学特征的多空泡假脂肪母细胞,以及间质中曲线状或弧线状血管。免疫组化示vimentin(+),CKpan、TG、TTF1、PAX-8、calcitonin、Syn、Cg A、CD34、S-100蛋白、SMA、desmin、EMA和CD68均(-),Ki-67阳性率10%~15%。结论甲状腺原发性黏液纤维肉瘤极其罕见,临床病理诊断较困难,应排除转移性软组织肿瘤、甲状腺常见肿瘤及其他类似肿瘤,需结合病理形态和免疫组化标记确诊。该肿瘤的治疗方式为手术扩大切除并术后辅助放疗。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.