改良侧侧吻合技术在动静脉瘘成形术中的运用分析

目的 探讨改良侧侧吻合技术在动静脉瘘成形术的临床运用效果分析.方法 2012年2月—2015年10月选取该院收治的64例慢性肾衰竭患者随机分为两组,各32例.常规组采用端端吻合术创建动静脉血管内瘘,改良组采用改良侧侧吻合动静脉瘘吻合术,均采用连续锁边缝合法.对比两组患者动静脉瘘直径、血流、成功率等.结果 改良组的吻合口直径、血流量与常规组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05);改良组吻合成功率91.3%,高于常规组的69.6%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).改良组并发症发生率4.34%,显著低于对照组的21.74%(P<0.05).结论改良侧侧吻合技术施行头静脉与桡动脉吻合术者,吻合口血管开口增大,血流增多,静脉血管明显扩张,内瘘成熟度提高.成功率明显高于端端吻合的血管内瘘,提高手术成功率及内瘘成熟率.结论 改良侧侧吻合技术能够扩大吻合口直径,增加血流流量,减少并发症,并缩短内瘘成熟时间,提高手术成功率.     

血液透析患者动静脉内瘘的建立及并发症的处理

目的 通过对449例内瘘患者的总结,探讨更好的血透患者的内瘘制作方法及并发症的处理。方法 总结我院从1996年开始由肾内科实行的内瘘手术449例,分别采用直接动静脉缝合制作内瘘和人尸体血管搭桥建立动静脉内瘘。直接缝合多于前臂桡侧腕横纹上3－5cm或鼻烟窗处将头静脉与桡动脉作端侧或端端吻合;前壁尸侧腕横纹上贵要静脉与尺动脉及下肢大隐静脉与足背动脉端侧吻合。比较各种类型的内瘘的成功率和并发症发生率。结果 该法制作的内瘘的成功率少,并发症少。4年的内瘘通畅率达92％。结论 采用动静脉直接吻合制作内瘘仍然是建立血透患者血管通路的良好方法,端侧吻合可以保证足够的血流量,又不阻断远端血流,应在建立血管通路时首选。对直接吻合失败。     

改良的端-侧吻合动静脉内瘘术的临床应用

目的:改良的桡动脉-头静脉端-侧吻合内瘘术应用于头静脉直径<2.5 mm的血管通路中,评估手术成功率、内瘘通畅率。方法:根据头静脉直径大小将22例患者分成两组,分别接受传统及改良的桡动脉-头静脉端-侧吻合内瘘术,比较两种吻合术的成功率、内瘘通畅率。结果:两种吻合术对手术1次成功率、1个月通畅率及内瘘成熟时间无差异。结论:应用改良的桡动脉-头静脉端-侧吻合内瘘术能成功解决头静脉直径<2.5 mm的患者的血管通路问题。     

21例小口径头静脉血液透析患者前臂桡动脉头静脉内瘘制作体会

目的 通过21例头静脉内径小于2mm血液透析患者前臂桡动脉头静脉内瘘制作体会及通畅率的观察,探讨尿毒症维持性血液透析患者头静脉细小时如何制作前臂桡动脉头静脉内瘘.方法 采用头静脉液压扩张法与头静脉纵向剖开法相结合,对21例头静脉内径小于2mm的血液透析患者采取扩大头静脉口径后将头静脉与桡动脉行端端吻合或者端侧吻合术.结果 21例患者中19例（90.5%）取得一次性手术成功,成功率高于国内报告.19例手术成功患者中3例使用3-6月内瘘失功,1例使用9月内瘘失功,余患者内瘘使用良好,血流量充分.结论 采取头静脉液压扩张法与头静脉纵向剖开法相结合扩大头静脉口径后制作前臂桡动脉头静脉内瘘,成功率高于国内报告.但对于头静脉、桡动脉内径均细小且合并桡动脉硬化、钙化者,内瘘手术部位宁可选择肘部.     

慢性肾衰动静脉内瘘成形术135例临床分析

目的 探讨慢性肾功能衰竭患者行动静脉内瘘的手术方法及其临床效果.方法 135例慢性肾衰患者,52例在局麻下手鼻咽窝部行桡动脉-头静脉端端吻合,48例在局麻下行腕部桡侧桡动脉-头静脉端侧吻合,35例在局麻下行腕部桡动脉-头静脉端端吻合.结果 135例中126例一次性成功,4例因手臂局部水肿、头静脉血管条件差转为另一侧手臂后造瘘成功,2例术后2 d内并发血栓成功行取栓再造瘘手术,3例造瘘失败转为腹膜透析治疗,术后住院2～7 d.106例随访6个月到4年,13例瘘闭,其中8例成功行取栓再造瘘手术,5例改为腹膜透析.结论 慢性肾炎、慢性间质性肾炎致慢性肾衰动静脉内瘘首选非惯用手鼻咽窝处桡动脉-头静脉端端吻合;糖尿病肾病、高血压肾病致慢性肾衰动静脉内瘘首选腕部桡动脉-头静脉端侧吻合,部分患者行腕部桡侧桡动脉-头静脉端端吻合.近期并发症最常见是血栓形成,远期并发症多见瘘闭.     

小口径静脉液压扩张建立自体动静脉内瘘在血液透析通路中的应用研究

目的:探讨经液压扩张小口径头静脉后建立自体动静脉内瘘进行血液透析的临床效果.方法:将我院收治的确诊为尿毒症的患者140例,分为实验组78例(头静脉Φ1.5～2.0 mm),对照组62例(头静脉Φ2.0～2.5 mm).实验组先用液压扩张头静脉后,再行头静脉-桡动脉端侧内瘘吻合术,对照组行传统内瘘吻合手术.比较手术成功率...     

应用显微外科技术进行动静脉内瘘手术效果分析

目的 探讨应用显微外科技术进行头静脉、桡动脉吻合的动静脉内瘘手术及建立长期血透通路的临床效果.方法 对笔者所在医院2005年1月至2008年6月利用显微外科技术进行头静脉、桡动脉吻合的动静脉造瘘手术的80例肾功能衰竭患者进行回顾性总结,端侧吻合65例,端端吻合13例,放弃手术2例,分析手术效果.结果 78例手术患者术后瘘口均可扪及震颤或闻及血流杂音,3例糖尿病肾病患者术后未能闻及血管杂音;2例患者术后4周内瘘口有血栓形成需要重新手术,内瘘使用首次穿刺透析,最大血流量＞200 ml/min者72例,＜200 ml/min者3例,动静脉内瘘使用半年至3年,最长使用3年的穿刺近300次,仍使用良好.结论 应用显微外科技术进行头静脉、桡动脉吻合动静脉内瘘手术操作简便、吻合成功率较高、并发症少,是建立长期血液透析通路的首选方法.     

动静脉内瘘成形术58例体会

目的：探讨动静脉内瘘成形术的术中、术后注意事项。方法：40例在局麻下行腕部桡侧鼻咽窝动脉头静脉端侧吻合,18例行桡动脉头静脉端侧吻合。结果：53例手术1次成功,1例因头静脉血管条件差中转为对侧手臂,4例术后并发血栓行二次手术,术后住院3～7 d。58例随访6个月到3年3例瘘闭。结论：动、静脉内瘘适应慢性肾功不全尿毒症期患者须行长期血液透析,血液滤过治疗者。     

直视下桡动脉-头静脉内瘘手术37例分析

目的探讨直视下桡动脉-头静脉内瘘手术方法。方法对37例慢性肾衰竭患者在直视下桡动脉-头静脉部位采用连续缝合法并根据血管条件选择端侧吻合、侧侧吻合、端端吻合,施行动静脉内瘘成形术。结果32例血管一次性吻合成功（86.4%,32/37）,3例患者吻合口有少量漏血,补1～2针即可;2例患者吻合后搏动、震颤不满意改行端端吻合术成功。均一次性成功行动静脉内瘘手术,术后无感染、出血、窃血综合征、血管瘤、手背静脉怒张等并发症。结论动静脉内瘘成形术中不同吻合方法是内瘘成功率的保证。     

114例次动静脉内瘘手术体会

目的 :争取提高动静脉内瘘手术的一次成功率。方法 :1 0 3例慢性肾衰尿毒症患者 ,男 5 7例 ,女 46例 ,年龄最小 2 9岁 ,最大 77岁 ,平均年龄 47岁。慢性肾衰原发病为慢性肾小球肾炎73例 ,多囊肾 9例 ,糖尿病 8例 ,慢性肾盂肾炎3例 ,高血压动脉硬化 2例 ,梗阻性肾病 1例 ,结缔组织病 1例 ,其它疾病 6例。均采用自体血管动静脉造瘘 ,其中首次行腕部头静脉与桡动脉端侧吻合术占 88.3 5 % ,有少数患者行端端(腕部桡动脉与头静脉 )或侧侧 (肘窝桡动脉与头静脉 )吻合术。结果 :1 0 3例患者中 1次动静脉内瘘手术成功者 94例 ,成功率 91 .2 6% ,其中…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.