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本文总结了马兜铃酸的化学结构、含马兜铃酸的中草药及中成药、马兜铃酸的药理作用和毒性作用、马兜铃酸肾病。通过本文的综述,使医药人员对马兜铃酸有一个全面、正确的认识,以指导临床安全、合理、规范使用含有马兜铃酸的中药。 相似文献
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穆坪马兜铃化学成分的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
自穆坪马兜铃(Aristolochia moupinensis Franch)根、茎中分得十三个化合物,其中化合物Ⅰ~Ⅻ经鉴定分別为马兜铃酸Ⅰ(aristolochic acid Ⅰ)(Ⅰ),尿囊素(allantoin)(Ⅱ),紫丁香酸(syringic acid)(Ⅲ),香豆酸(P-coumaric acid)(Ⅳ),马兜铃酸Ⅳ(aristolochic acid Ⅳ)(Ⅴ),β-谷甾醇(Ⅵ),木兰碱(magnoflorine)(Ⅶ),马兜铃酸Ⅳ甲醚aristolochic acid Ⅳmethyl ether(Ⅵ),棕榈酸(Ⅸ),马兜铃酸Ⅱ(aristolochic acid Ⅱ)(Ⅹ),N(Phydroxyphenethy1)P-coumaramide(Ⅺ),马兜铃酸Ⅳ甲醚甲酯(aristolochic acid Ⅳmethyl ether methyl ester)(Ⅻ),化合物ⅩⅢ为新化合物,经光谱分析和化学合成等方法证明其结构为N(P-hydroxyphenethyl)-ferulamide,命名为穆坪马兜铃酰胺(moupinamide)。初步药理试验表明穆坪马兜铃酰胺体外有抑制血小板聚集和影响血小板内前列腺素合成的作用。 相似文献
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马兜铃酸肾病研究的新进展 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
根据近年有关研究和报道对含马兜铃酸中药的毒性成分、马兜铃酸的代谢、马兜铃酸肾病的发病机制、临床特征及其诊断方法进行综述,旨在对马兜铃酸的毒理学及马兜铃酸肾病的诊治加深认识。 相似文献
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马兜铃酸肾病的临床病理分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 探讨马兜铃酸肾病的临床病理特点。方法 回顾性分析3例马兜铃酸肾病患者的临床表现及病理资料。结果 2例急性马兜铃酸肾病临床表现为:消化道症状、肾功能减退、尿酶升高、电解质紊乱;病理诊断为急性肾小管坏死。1例慢性马兜铃酸肾病临床表现为:贫血、尿检异常、高血压、肾功能减退,病理诊断为慢性间质性肾炎。结论 含有马兜铃酸的中药有肾损害,可致马兜铃酸肾病,其临床表现病理变化有一定特点。 相似文献
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含马兜铃酸植物药的毒性概述 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
马兜铃酸( Aristolochic acid)是关木通、广防己、马兜铃、天仙藤、青木香、寻骨风和朱砂莲以及铁线莲马兜铃、蛇根马兜铃、印度马兜铃等 10余种马兜铃科马兜铃属植物药中的一类菲类化合物,主要由马兜铃酸 A、 B、 C、 D、 E等及其衍生物组成.近年来,随着因服用含马兜铃酸的植物药导致肾损害的报道不断出现,人们对马兜铃酸的毒性越发关注. 相似文献
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马兜铃酸的毒理学现状 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
庞晓军 《中国医院用药评价与分析》2006,6(1):47-49
目的:介绍马兜铃酸的毒理学研究进展方法:方法:参考国内外相关文献,进行综合、分析、归纳。结果:马兜铃酸具有肾毒性、消化道毒性、致癌性、致突变性和基因毒性。结论:要辨证合理使用含有马兜铃酸成分的中药材。 相似文献
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In this study, the antibiotic susceptibilities to tigecycline and tetracycline of 35 selected Bacteroides fragilis group strains were determined by Etest, and the presence of tetQ, tetX, tetX1 and ermF genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). tetQ was detected in all 12 B. fragilis group isolates (100%) exhibiting elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (≥8 μg/mL) as well as the 8 strains (100%) with a tigecycline MIC of 4 μg/mL, whilst tetX and tetX1 were present in 15% and 75% of these strains, respectively. All of these strains were fully resistant to tetracycline (MIC ≥ 16 μg/mL). On the other hand, amongst the group of strains with tigecycline MICs < 4 μg/mL (15 isolates), tetQ, tetX and tetX1 were found less frequently (73.3%, 13.3% and 46.7%, respectively). All but two strains harbouring the tetQ gene in this group were non-susceptible to tetracycline, with a MIC > 4 μg/mL. These data suggest that in most cases tigecycline overcomes the tetracycline resistance mechanisms frequently observed in Bacteroides strains. However, the presence of tetX and tetX1 genes in some of the strains exhibiting elevated MICs for tigecycline draws attention to the possible development and spread of resistance to this antibiotic agent amongst Bacteroides strains. The common occurrence of ermF, tetX, tetX1 and tetQ genes together predicted the presence of the CTnDOT-like Bacteroides conjugative transposon in this collection of Bacteroides strains. 相似文献
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Impact of Cu, Ni and Fe on structure and function of a synthetic microcosm, comprising of four algae (Chlorella vulgaris, Chlamydomonas sp., Anabaena doliolum and Oscillatoria formosa), two arthropods (Cyclops and Cypris) and a protozoan (Paramecium) was tested with respect to nutrient depletion, changes in algal population, chlorophyll a content and carbon fixation. The control (untreated) microcosm registered complete depletion of NO3
- and PO4
3- on day 20, when the algal population had reached its maxima in terms of cell number, chlorophyll a content and carbon fixation. Metal treated microcosm, however, showed a delayed nutrient depletion, reduced algal maxima, and lower chlorophyll a content and carbon fixation rate than the control. Of the four algae tested Chlamydomonas sp. was found to the most sensitive and Oscillatoria formosa, the most tolerant to all the metals used. The hierarchy of metal toxicity was Cu>Ni>Fe. Cu and Ni combination interacted synergistically in contrast to the antagonism of Cu+Fe and Ni+Fe. Carbon fixation was inhibited most as compared to nutrient depletion, algal number and chlorophyll a content. A comparison of the microcosm results with batch cultures using the same metals and algae revealed a similar pattern, but a reduced degree of inhibition in the former. This study therefore, demonstrates that results of laboratory toxicity bioassays can be extrapolated to the field level though with a reduced precision. 相似文献
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Dong-Hui He Katsuyoshi Matsunami Hideaki Otsuka Takakazu Shinzato Mitsunori Aramoto Masahiko Bando Yoshio Takeda 《Journal of natural medicines》2007,61(1):46-50
Three rearranged ent-kaurane diterpenes with the cafestol-type framework have been isolated from the leaves of Tricalysia dubia. Two were found to be known diterpenoids, tricalysiolides B and C. Tricalysiolide B was isolated as colorless prisms in this experiment and its three-dimensional structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. The remaining diterpenoid was a new compound and was named tricalysiolide G. Two new ent-kaurane-type diterpenoids, given the trivial names tricalysiol A and tricalysiol B, were also isolated. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated from spectroscopic evidence. 相似文献
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Fumihide Takano Satomi Ihara Kyoko Kobayashi Tomoko Ogiwara Nobuo Yahagi Remiko Yahagi Shinji Fushiya Tomihisa Ohta Fumihiko Yoshizaki 《Journal of natural medicines》2006,60(3):243-247
In order to reveal the differences between Cordyceps, Paecilomyces (= Isaria) and Nomuraea, we collected seven entomogenous fungi grown in natural field and analyzed the profiles of water-soluble constituents derived from some different sources of Cordyceps, Paecilomyces and Nomuraea by determination using capillary electrophoresis. C. sinensis and C. kyushuensis showed similar peak clusters of protein migrated at 5–7, 8–9, and 12–20 min. The peak clusters obtained from N. atypicola was similar to those of C. sinensis and C. kyushuensis. The water-soluble constituent clusters of C. militaris migrated at 5–9 and 10–15 min were partly different from those of other Cordyceps. It was also revealed that the P. tenuipes and P. cicadae showed lesser peak clusters rather than Cordyceps. These results indicated that the profiles of protein of these entomogenous fungi by capillary electrophoretic analysis could serve as fingerprints for classification and medicinal quality control of Cordyceps. 相似文献
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Liu CY Lai CC Lee MR Lee YC Huang YT Liao CH Hsueh PR 《International journal of antimicrobial agents》2011,38(6):534-537
To investigate the clinical and microbiological characteristics of infections caused by Tsukamurella spp., the computerised database of the Bacteriology Laboratory at National Taiwan University Hospital (Taipei, Taiwan) was reviewed retrospectively to identify patients with infections caused by this species during the period January 1997 to December 2008. All of the isolates had been initially misidentified as Rhodococcus spp. Identification of Tsukamurella isolates to species level was carried out by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the heat shock protein gene (hsp65) as well as 16S rRNA gene sequencing. During the study period, a total of eight patients with Tsukamurella infection and two patients with Tsukamurella colonisation were identified. Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens (n = 6) was the most prevalent species, followed by Tsukamurella spumae (n = 3) and Tsukamurella pulmonis (n = 1). Keratitis was the most common type of infection (n = 3), followed by catheter-related bloodstream infection (n = 2). One of the patients with Tsukamurella infection died due to bacteraemia; the other seven patients with Tsukamurella infection had favourable outcomes. The three species had different drug susceptibility patterns; T. pulmonis was the most resistant pathogen, with higher minimum inhibitory concentrations of clindamycin (>2 mg/L), erythromycin (2 mg/L) and tetracycline (8 mg/L) than those for the other Tsukamurella spp. In conclusion, strains of Tsukamurella spp., including T. spumae, are uncommon causative agents of ocular infections and bacteraemia in cancer patients. Molecular diagnostic methods are essential to distinguish species in the Tsukamurella genus from species in other phylogenetically related genera such as Rhodococcus. 相似文献
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Ioannidou S Papaparaskevas J Tassios PT Foustoukou M Legakis NJ Vatopoulos AC 《International journal of antimicrobial agents》2003,22(6):626-629
The presence of erm genes conferring constitutive and inducible resistance, as well as that of the mefA gene conferring only constitutive resistance, was investigated using PCR in 70 erythromycin resistant (MIC≥1 mg/l) strains of viridans group streptococci (VGS) (18 Streptococcus mitis biotype 1, 16 S. mitis biotype 2, 15 S. oralis, 12 S. salivarius and nine S. sanguis) isolated from the oropharynx of healthy Greek children. All of the 56 isolates belonging to resistance phenotype M harbored the mefA gene. All of the 14 isolates constitutively resistant to macrolides and lincosamides (phenotype CR) harbored the ermB gene. Co-presence of both genes was not observed, whereas class A erm gene (previously known as ermTR) was not detected. Our results are consistent with a possible role of VGS as a reservoir of resistance genes now prevalent in pathogenic species of streptococci. 相似文献
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目的 评价50种中药甲醇提取物对嗜水气单胞菌的体外抑菌效果以及抗生物膜生成活性。方法 采取甲醇浸提的方法制备中药甲醇提取物,计算提取率;利用多功能酶标仪检测600nm处的吸光度(A600)值测定各提取物(0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6、3.2mg·mL-1)作用16h对嗜水气单胞菌的抑菌率;结晶紫染色法结合多功能酶标仪测定各提取物的抗生物膜活性。结果 苏木、白芍、侧柏叶等32种中药甲醇提取物对嗜水气单胞菌抑菌效果明显,其中苏木甲醇提取物的抑菌效果最显著,最大抑菌率达95.56%,起效质量浓度为0.1mg·mL-1;石菖蒲、大青叶、广藿香等20种中药甲醇提取物明显抑制嗜水气单胞菌生物被膜的生成,其中白芍的最大抑制率达96.78%。结论 夏枯草、野菊花、大青叶、赤芍、石菖蒲、地肤子、连翘、苏木、肉桂、女贞子、白芍、甘草、肉豆蔻、鸡血藤、乌药、莪术、侧柏叶17种中药对嗜水气单胞菌同时具有抑菌和抑制生物膜生长活性。 相似文献
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Kawai T Miki K Ichinose M Kenji Y Miyazaki I Kawakami K Kataoka M Yamagishi T Sofuni A Itoi T Moriyasu F Takagi Y Aoki T Matsubayashi J Mukai K 《Inflammopharmacology》2007,15(1):31-35
Aims The pepsinogen (PG) test result is used in Japan for screening for gastric cancer. In this study, we investigated the changes
in evaluation of the PG test result following H. pylori eradication.
Methods The subjects were 120 consecutive H. pylori-positive patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Subjects underwent endoscopy prior to, and at 2 months after the
eradication therapy, at which time blood was taken for determination of changes in PG levels.
Results The overall eradication rate was 79.3 % (per protocol). Following eradication therapy, the evaluation of PG test result converted
from positive to negative in 80.4 % (37/46) of cases of successful eradication, and in 0 % (0/6) of cases of eradication failure.
Conclusions These results suggest that the evaluation of PG test result should be used after the definitive confirmation of the success
or failure of H. pylori eradication therapy.
This study was supported by a grant from Tokyo Medical University.
Received and accepted 12 July 2006 相似文献