Labeling—stereotype—discrimination

AIM: Using Link and Phelan's concept of the stigma process, public attitudes towards people with schizophrenia are examined. METHOD: In the spring of 2001, a representative population survey was conducted in Germany (n=5025). A fully structured personal interview was carried out, beginning with the presentation of a case vignette. RESULTS: Labeling as mental illness increased the likelihood that someone suffering from schizophrenia was considered as being unpredictable and dangerous. This, in turn, led to an increase of the preference for social distance. Although much weaker, labeling also had a positive effect on public attitudes insofar as it was associated with a decrease of the tendency to attribute the responsibility for the occurrence of the disorder to the afflicted person. However, this had no significant impact on the desire for social distance. There was no significant association between labeling and the anticipation of poor prognosis. There were some differences between respondents who are familiar with mental illness and those who are not. CONCLUSION: Our findings have some implications for the planning of interventions aimed at reducing stigma and discrimination because of schizophrenia. These interventions should primarily address the stereotypes of unpredictability and dangerousness since they are most likely to have a negative impact on the public's willingness to engage in social relationships with those suffering from this disorder. The interventions should also be tailored according to whether the target population is familiar with mental illness or not.     

从DSM—Ⅲ—R到DSM—Ⅳ

本将ＤＳＭ－Ⅲ－Ｒ与ＤＳＭ－Ⅳ进行分析，重点介绍ＤＳＭ－Ⅳ的发展和变更。     

Ramsay——Hunt氏综合征

Ramsay—Hunt氏(1907)以“膝状神经节疱疹性炎症”报告了一组外耳道疱疹—耳痛—面瘫为特征的三联症,称之为Ramsay—Hunt氏综合征,或亨特综合征(Hum Syndrome)、膝状神经节综合征(ganglion geniculatum syndrome)、耳带状癌疹(herpes zoster oticus),本文报导2例,并结合文献讨论如下。例1.祝××,女,50岁。患者以右耳及右枕都麻木、疼痛起病,发病第3日右外耳道、耳廓出现丘疹和成簇内含澄清液体的水疱。剧烈疼痛。第4日口眼歪斜。查体呈典型右侧周围性面瘫,右舌前2/3味觉丧失,余神经系统未见异常。头部CT、血尿常规、肝肾功、脑脊液常规,生化均正常。例2.张××,男,66岁。患者因慢性肺原性心脏病、阻塞性肺气肿、慢性喘息性支气管炎急发,在当地静点地塞米松和青霉素。半月后自觉左耳内灼痛、麻木。翌日,左耳后,耳壳、外耳道出现丘疹及成堆从绿豆到黄豆大小不等的水疱,剧痛难忍,遂转住我院     

Psychodrama — Soziale Arbeit — Netzwerke

Zusammenfassung Der Autor stellt sich die Frage, wie denn das Verh?ltnis des Psychodramas und der Sozialen Arbeit zur Zeit des jungen Moreno war, wie es momentan ist und wie es vielleicht werden k?nnte. Dabei werden die sozialp?dagogischen Wurzeln des Psychodramas sowie vor allem der immense — wenn auch kaum gewürdigte — Beitrag Morenos’ zum Handlungsleitenden Konzept „Netzwerkarbeit“ in einigen Facetten vorgestellt.

---

Summary The author deals with the question how the relationship of Psychodrama and Social Work was at times of the young Moreno, how it is at present and how it could be one day. The social-educational roots of Psychodrama as well as the immense — although hardly appreciated — contribution of Moreno himself to the action-leading concept of working in and with social networks are presented in some facets.

---

---

Univ.-Prof. Dr. Franz Stimmer Institut für Sozialp?dagogik der Universit?t Lüneburg     

手—口—足综合征

作者首次报告2例桥脑出血及中脑梗塞引起的手一口一足综合征(cheiro-oral-pedal syndrome),CT 及MRI 证实病变位于内侧丘系及三叉神经腹侧次级上行束。例1,81岁女性,突然左偏瘫,头痛及构音障碍而入院。血压160/90mmHg。意识清楚,有构音障碍,舌微偏左,左侧偏瘫,双侧掌颏反射阳性,左侧口周、前臂远端和下肢远端感觉异常及减退。     

Richard Traystman——实验卒中宗师

<正>Richard J. Traystman(1942-2017,图1)是美国心脑血管生理和药理学家,是研究心肺复苏对脑血流和代谢影响的先驱之一。他主要研究卒中、心功能衰竭、高氨血症、脑缺氧和高颅压等病理改变时脑循环调节和脑损伤机制,是早期脑循环基础与临床转化研究的成功学者。Traystman对卒中研究有三大贡献:一是对卒中后脑循环改变的实验研究做出了贡献,     

酷似颈动脉—海绵窦瘘的外伤性A——V瘘

作者报道一例临床症状酷似颈A—海绵窦的动静脉瘘。患者男性、39岁、因右眼内侧被小刀穿通伤而急诊入院。查体可见右眼结膜、巩膜水肿、出血、失明、瞳孔轻度散大,光反射消失、右眼球较左眼球突出约6mm,并且在眼球表面可听到血管杂     

14—3—3蛋白与肿瘤

一、14—3—3蛋白慨述 14-3-3蛋白是一种酸性可溶性蛋白,于1967年由Moor和Perez从牛的脑组织中分离,并因其经二乙氨乙基纤维素层析中的组分分布数量和在淀粉-凝胶电泳中的迁移位置而得名。由于14—3—3蛋白在脑组织中的含量最高,约占脑可溶性蛋白的1％,因而在很长一段时间内,它被认为是脑特异性蛋白,并且是动物所特有的、对维持脑神经功能具有独一无二作用的蛋白质。     

Information for Authors——Neural Regeneration Research

<正>About the Journal Neural Regeneration Research(NRR;ISSN 1673-5374,CN11-5422/R)is a peer-reviewed,open-access(www.nrronline.org)international journal published monthly,with its mission focused on reporting creative scientific advancements on the subject of neural regeneration.The journal is committed     

L—脯氨酸—L—亮氨酸—甘氨酰胺(PLG)对巴金森症的治疗

自从1817年巴金森对震颤麻痹症(巴金森症)进行描述后,人们就以极大的兴趣探索对它的治疗方法。最早应用的鸦片、东莨菪碱及采取的甲状腺切除法治疗作用不大,以后使用的抗胆碱类药物(安坦、开马君等)     

关于CCMD—2—R的访谈

《中国精神疾病诊断文字与诊断标准，第2版修订本》（CCMD－2－R）经有关方面5年多来的工作，已经完成全稿，由中华精神科学会委员会讨论通过，即将公布发行，必能为广大精神科同道们学习，掌握和应用，但对精神疾病分类与诊断标准的讨论不仅不需中断，而应该长期继续下去，以期这一工作的进一步提高和完善，尤其自ICD－10和DSM－IV正式发表以来，同道们对这个问题可能各有自己的体会，看法和建议，本刊将继续贯彻百家争鸣的方针，各抒已见地开展讨论与磋商，本期刊出有关这一问题的讨论，供读者们参考，欢迎大家继续来稿，尤其是关于CCMD－2－R，ICD－10和DSM－Ⅳ等的体会，意见和测试等方面的文章。     

抑郁症新疗法——跨颅磁刺激

跨颅磁刺激(Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation,TMS)是一种1990年代初应用于精神科临床研究的物理治疗方法。本文就跨颅磁刺激的工作原理,对抑郁症的疗效以及主要的不良反应作一简单的介绍。 1 工作原理 电与磁场是可以相互转换的,经过线圈的电流可以产生磁场,而处于磁场中的导体又可以产生电流。因此,如果把一个电磁线圈置于头皮上,快速接通与断开电容器,线圈中就会产生高强度的电流,在线圈的周围就会产生一个强有力而短暂的磁场。磁场可以穿过皮肤、软组织和颅骨,在大脑神经     

Arnold——Chiari畸形的治疗经验

作者报告了1960～1970年所收治的Arnold-Chiari畸形的60例外科治疗经验,其中男性22例女性38例。年龄13～68岁,平均年龄38岁。从症状开始到入院时间为6周～30年、平均4.5年。症状疼痛为最常见的症状,一般多累及枕部、     

Trazodone——治疗内源性抑郁症的新药

Trazodone 系三唑毗啶(triazolopyrid-ine)衍生物,化学结构与已知的向精神药物相异,药理作用亦不同于常规抗抑郁剂。动物试验表明,Trazodone 除减慢实性心率外,不会导致常见于丙咪嗪引起的心脏阻滞和节律失调。Riblet 等的动物研究证明,本品较丙咪嗪等更能选择性地抑制突触体对5-羟色     

DAWN——黎明降临了吗？

正2015年以血管内治疗急性缺血性卒中的多中心随机临床试验(Multicenter Randomized CLinical trial of Endovascular treatment for Acute ischemic stroke in the Netherlands,MR CLEAN)为首的几大随机对照研究(randomized controlled trial,RCT)结果发表以来~([1-5]),机械取栓对于颅内前循环大血管闭塞的有效性和安全性得到证实,成为符合条件的大血管闭塞患者最高级别推荐的治疗方式。随后的几年中,取栓技术在全世界范围内     

Editor's Choice——Neuroprotective effects of baicalin

Baicalin is a type of flavonoid,which is extracted from dried roots of Scufellarla baicalensis Georgi.Baicalin has been shown to exhibit anti-microbial and anit-allergy effects, as well as provide liver protection and reduce blood pressure. f3aicalin protects     

Dopaminergic system abnormalities——Etiopathogenesis of dystonia

BACKGROUND： Much research has focused on the close relationship between etiopathogenesis of dystonia and abnormalities of the dopaminergic system. Nevertheless, details of the mechanism are still not clear. OBJECTIVE： To review studies from the past few years about pathogenesis and molecular interactions involved in the relationship between dystonia and abnormalities of the dopaminergic system. RETRIEVAL STRATEGY： Using the key words ＂dystonia＂ and ＂dopamine＂, PubMed database and SCI databases were searched from January 1990 to December 2005 for relevant English publications. A total of 73 articles were searched and, initially, all articles were selected. Inclusive criteria： studies based on pathogenesis and molecular interactions involved in the relationship between dystonia and abnormalities of the dopaminergic system. Exclusive criteria： duplicated studies. A total of 19 articles were extracted after preliminary screening. LITERATURE EVALUATION： The data sources were the PubMed and SCI databases. The types of articles chosen were reviews and original articles. DATA SYNTHESIS： Metabolism and function of dopamine in the central nervous system： the chemical constitution of dopamine is a single benzene ring. The encephalic regions of dopamine synthesis and their fiber projections comprise four nervous system pathways. One of these pathways is the substantia nigra-striatum dopamine pathway, which is a side-loop of the basal ganglia circuitry that participates in movement control and plays a main role in the adjustment of extracorticospinal tract movement. Dopamine can lead to the facilitation of movement. Dystonia and abnormalities of the dopaminergic system： different modes of dopamine abnormality exist in various forms of dystonia. Abnormalities of the dopaminergic system in several primary dystonias： at present, fifteen gene loci of primary dystonia have been reported （DYT1-DYT15）. The relationship between abnormalities of the dopaminergic system and the etiopathogenesis of severa