以脾梗死为首发表现的急性髓细胞白血病(M5b)1例护理体会

目的探讨以脾梗死为首发表现的急性髓细胞白血病(M5b)的护理方法。方法对1例急性髓细胞白血病(M5b)患者采取心理护理、静脉护理、饮食护理、腹痛护理、预防感染护理等。结果科学的综合护理能够使患者正确认识疾病,提高治疗依从性,住院期间未出现重症感染、内脏出血、颅内出血、营养不良等并发症,化疗进程顺利,病情控制较好。结论以脾梗死为首发表现的急性髓细胞白血病(M5b)临床罕见,根据患者心理特点及病情特点采取科学的综合护理能够改善患者不良情绪,减轻化疗并发症,提高患者生活质量。     

造血干细胞移植后继发第2肿瘤3例并文献复习

目的 回顾性分析造血干细胞移植后第2肿瘤发生的可能原因及临床诊治方法,并进行有关文献复习.方法 本院2001年2月至2007年12月收治340例造血干细胞移植患者中,有3例继发第2肿瘤,其中霍奇金淋巴瘤继发急性髓细胞白血病-M2型1例,急性淋巴细胞白血病-L1型继发淋巴细胞增殖性疾病1例,急性淋巴细胞白血病-L2型继发急性髓细胞白血病-M2型1例,3例患者均接受化疗治疗.结果 继发第2肿瘤为急性髓细胞白血病-M2型的2例患者治疗效果较差,疾病无缓解死亡;继发淋巴细胞增殖性疾病的患者,治疗效果好,达到完全缓解,至今仍无病存活.结论 大剂量、多疗程化疗治疗及免疫抑制剂的使用引起基因突变及免疫功能方面的异常导致移植后第2肿瘤发生的危险性增加,第2肿瘤治疗效果较初发患者差,预后不良.     

急性白血病化疗后继发肝脾真菌病患者的护理

目的 探讨急性白血病化疗后继发肝脾真菌病的护理经验.方法 对5例急性白血病化疗后继发肝脾真菌病的患者实施中心静脉导管（PICC）护理、发热护理、口腔护理、保护性隔离、用药护理和心理护理等.结果 通过一系列的护理措施,本组5例患者均痊愈.结论 急性白血病化疗后继发肝脾真菌病患者抗真菌及支持治疗的同时,进行全方位的护理干预,可以提高肝脾真菌病的治愈率,减轻药物不良反应,延长患者生存时间,改善患者生存质量.     

急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓后继发脾栓塞1例

静脉溶栓是急性缺血性卒中患者发病时间窗内最有效的药物治疗方法。该文报道1例扩张型心肌病患者突发中重度卒中, 入院后给予重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗, 溶栓过程中发现左心室附壁血栓, 即刻停止溶栓, 之后发生脾动脉栓塞导致脾梗死。患者溶栓后卒中症状完全缓解, 虽发生了脾梗死, 但预后良好。     

地中海贫血患者脾切除后多发静脉血栓栓塞1例报告

目的:探析地中海贫血患者脾切除后继发静脉血栓栓塞的原因、诊断及治疗方法。方法:对本院收治的1例地中海贫血脾切除后多发静脉血栓栓塞患者相关临床资料进行回顾性分析,归纳此患者临床症状、诊断方式、治疗方案及预后质量。结果:经内科、外科积极治疗患者症状有明显改善,随访期间无不适症状。结论:地中海贫血患者脾切除后多种因素导致了慢性血液高凝状态,增加了血栓栓塞事件发生的风险,对此类患者应该做到早期准确诊断和及时干预治疗,根据患者病情调整治疗方案,保障预后和生活质量。     

甲氨蝶呤治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病患者的临床护理措施

目的总结甲氨蝶呤治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病患者的护理措施,旨在提高其临床治疗效果。方法选择2015年2月至2016年3月我院收治的急性淋巴细胞白血病患者35例,给予患者甲氨蝶呤治疗期间开展优质的临床护理干预。观察并记录患者临床症状缓解情况及并发症发生情况。结果 35例患者中症状完全缓解有21例,症状部分缓解有11例,症状无缓解有3例,总有效率为91.43%。治疗过程中发生恶心呕吐5例,口腔溃疡2例,对症处理后恢复正常,无严重不良反应发生。结论在甲氨蝶呤治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病的过程中采取科学有效的护理干预能有效提升治疗效果,降低不良反应发生率,值得在临床上广泛推广。     

部分脾动脉栓塞术治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进的临床疗效观察

目的 观察部分脾动脉栓塞术治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进的临床效果.结果 采用Seldinger法经右侧股动脉插管对部分脾动脉用明胶海绵进行栓塞.结果 50例患者1～6月临床观察,临床症状改善,白细胞及血小板3天后明显回升.术后未出现严重并发症.结论 部分脾动脉栓塞术治疗肝硬化睥功能亢进疗效肯定,安全程度高、损伤小,并发症少.     

第527例 贫血—白细胞异常增高—完全性脾梗死

介绍1例系统性红斑狼疮继发自身免疫性溶血性贫血病例, 发病早期缺乏典型临床表现, 确诊后在治疗过程中出现脓毒症, 诱发类白血病反应, 并出现完全性脾梗死, 病情凶险复杂, 经多学科协作, 方转危为安。     

以中枢神经系统症状为首发表现的白血病1例

急性白血病分为急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)和急性非淋巴细胞白血病(NALL).该病常见的临床表现为贫血、出血、发热和肝脾淋巴结的肿大.大多数患者会在治疗后的缓解期或疾病的晚期发生中枢神经系统的改变,而以中枢神经系统症状为首发表现的白血病较少见.下面报道以中枢神经系统症状为首发表现的白血病1例.     

以游走性关节痛为首发症状的急性淋巴细胞性白血病误诊分析

以游定性关节痛为首发症状的急性淋巴细胞性白血病极易误诊。近来我们收治了４例均被误诊为风湿热，其误诊原因包括：临床医生缺乏对这种类型的急性淋巴细胞性白血病的认识；缺乏全面的体格检查和全面分析化验结果；肾上腺皮质激素治疗后症状暂时缓解造成了治疗有效的假象。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.