华法林预防房颤病人血栓性疾病的抗凝强度研究

目的通过前瞻性随机对比研究,评价华法林低强度抗凝预防非瓣膜性房颤发生血栓栓塞的有效性和安全性。方法将102例持续性房颤病人分为华法林低强度抗凝观察组及华法林标准强度抗凝对照组。观察组抗凝目标值INR1.5～2.0,对照组抗凝目标值INR2.1～3.0。常规门诊随访,检测INR调整华法林剂量,并记录两组病人的终点事件及出血事件。结果随访3年,低强度抗凝与标准强度抗凝相比,血栓栓塞事件的发生率无显著差别,而出血并发症低强度抗凝组明显低于标准强度对照组(0.0%vs14%,P0.01)。结论华法林低强度抗凝(INR1.5～2.0)预防非瓣膜性房颤发生血栓栓塞并发症是安全有效的。     

华法林对老年2型糖尿病合并心房颤动患者的效果观察

目的:观察华法林对老年2型糖尿病合并心房颤动(房颤)患者抗凝治疗的效果。方法:选择132例75岁以上2型糖尿病合并房颤患者,随机分为华法林中等强度组[国际标准化比值(INR)维持在2.1～2.5],华法林低等强度组(INR维持在1.5～2.0),对照组(口服阿司匹林),每组44例。随访1年,记录血栓栓塞和出血事件发生率。结果:华法林中等强度组、低等强度组和对照组血栓栓塞事件呈逐渐增多,对照组血栓栓塞发生率高于华法林中等和低等强度组(P<0.05),中等和低等强度组血栓栓塞发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。中等强度组、低等强度组和对照组出血事件呈逐渐减少,中等强度组出血发生率均高于低等强度组和对照组(P<0.05),但对照组出血发生率与低等强度组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:华法林治疗老年2型糖尿病合并房颤患者,INR维持在1.5～2.0,不仅能够取得最佳的抗凝效果,同时能够有效地避免出血事件的发生。     

高龄患者心房颤动抗凝治疗临床观察

目的:探讨华法林在高龄心房颤动的临床抗凝治疗特点。方法:将120例患者随机分为三组,治疗组与观察组Ⅰ、观察组Ⅱ,其中治疗组60人,观察组Ⅰ、观察组Ⅱ每组30人。治疗组运用华法林治疗,观察组Ⅰ患者给予小剂量阿司匹林治疗,口服50 mg/d;观察组Ⅱ给予100 mg/d;随访6个月~1年,观察三组INR稳定值、华法林有效维持量以及出血和栓塞并发症发生率,并分析出血和血栓栓塞发生率与华法林的抗凝强度INR的关系。结果:治疗组与观察组Ⅰ、观察组Ⅱ在预防外周血栓栓塞和出血方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗组与观察组Ⅰ、观察组Ⅱ在预防脑栓塞相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组疗效优于观察组Ⅰ、观察组Ⅱ.华法林的抗凝强度保持INR在2.1~2.9时要比华法林的抗凝强度需保持INR在1.0~2.0防治的栓塞率要低。结论:使用华法林时应严密监测INR使其小于3.0,同时在抗凝治疗过程中注意避免和纠正导致严重出血的诱因与疾病,此时华法林的抗凝强度对高龄房颤患者仍是安全的。     

低强度抗凝华法令对非瓣膜病性心房颤动血栓栓塞并发症的影响

目的观察低强度华法令对非瓣膜病性心房颤动(房颤)患者血栓栓塞并发症的预防效果和安全性。方法将确诊的非瓣膜病房颤患者145例随机分为华法令抗凝强度国际标准化比值(INR)1.5~2.0(低强度,72例)和INR2.1~3.0(标准强度,73例)两组,给予抗凝治疗。观察两组栓塞并发症及出血等不良反应发生率。结果低强度组血栓栓塞年发生为1.4%,标准强度组为0.46%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),低强度组出血年发生率为5%,标准强度组8.7%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),两组均无严重出血。结论低强度华法令能降低非瓣膜病房颤血栓栓塞发生率,出血发生率低,安全性好。     

低强度华法林在非瓣膜性心房颤动脑栓塞高风险患者中的应用

目的：观察低强度华法林在非瓣膜性心房颤动脑栓塞高风险患者中的应用效果和安全性。方法采用前瞻性研究,选择2015年1~6月在我院心内科住院的非瓣膜性心房颤动脑栓塞高风险患者92例,采用数字表随机法分为两组,A组46例给予低强度华法林(1.6<国际标准化比值INR≤2.0)治疗,B组46例给予标准强度华法林(2.00.05);A组患者的出血发生率为8.70%,明显低于B组的21.74%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论低强度华法林对非瓣膜性心房颤动患者血栓栓塞的预防作用与标准强度华法林基本相同,但用量明显减少,用药安全性明显提高。     

华法林预防老年非瓣膜性房颤血栓栓塞的临床研究

目的比较不同华法林抗凝强度预防老年非瓣膜性心房颤动(NVAF)患者的血栓栓塞的疗效和不良反应,探讨适合中国人的抗凝强度。方法入选≥60岁的NVAF患者220例,按1:1随机分成两组,所有患者均给予华法林治疗,低强度组INR控制在1.5-2,标准强度组INR控制在2-3,所有患者均同时治疗其他疾病。随访24个月。结果共194例患者完成随访,其中低强度组102例,标准强度组92例。低强度组缺血性脑卒中发病率7.8%,标准强度组为9.8%,两组无显著性差异(P0.05)。低强度组有11例出现不同程度出血,标准强度组有23例出血并发症,发生率分别为10.8%和25.0%(P0.05),有显著性差异。结论低强度组即华法林(INR1.5~2.2)更适合老年NVAF患者防治血栓栓塞。     

华法林在非瓣膜病高龄房颤患者抗凝治疗中的临床观察

目的观察华法林对非瓣膜病高龄房颤（≥80岁）患者的抗凝治疗的效果和安全性。方法选择非瓣膜病高龄（≥80岁）心房颤动患者80例作为观察对象。并分为华法林组和阿斯匹林组,华法林组密切监测PT-INR达1.6～2.5。观察两组血栓栓塞及出血等不良反应发生率。结果华法林血栓发生率3.33%,阿斯匹林组血栓发生率24.0%,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。两组病例中不良反应85%为出血,无一例严重出血,两组出血率比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论华法林抗凝治疗可以明显降低非瓣膜病高龄（≥80岁）房颤患者血栓发生率,安全性好。     

不同抗凝强度的华法林对非瓣膜病性房颤抗栓的疗效和安全性

目的 探讨不同抗凝强度的华法林对非瓣膜病性房颤患者抗栓治疗的疗效和安全性.方法 选择150例非瓣膜病性房颤患者,随机分为3组:组Ⅰ为标准强度华法林治疗组[2.0＜国际标准化比值(INR)≤2.5)]50例,组Ⅱ为低强度华法林治疗组(1.6＜INR≤2.0)50例,组Ⅲ为阿斯匹林对照组50例.应用华法林抗凝并行INR监测,分析血栓栓塞和出血事件发生与INR的关系以及D-二聚体浓度的变化.结果 治疗后组Ⅰ血栓栓塞发生率低于组Ⅱ和组Ⅲ.3组患者出血发生率比较无统计学意义.3组治疗后D-二聚体浓度均显著低于治疗前(P＜0.001),其中组ⅠD-二聚体浓度治疗前后变化最显著,且治疗后组Ⅰ的D-二聚体水平显著低于其它两组(P＜0.001),组Ⅱ的D-二聚体水平低于组Ⅲ(P＜0.001).结论 组Ⅰ对非瓣膜病性房颤患者抗栓治疗的疗效优于组Ⅱ和组Ⅲ,且INR维持在标准强度(2.0～2.5)范围内,出血的发生率低,使用安全可靠.     

小剂量华法令抗凝治疗持续性心房颤动

目的观察小剂量华法令的抗凝效果,并与标准剂量强度进行对比。方法随机将持续性心房颤动患者分为两组,研究组(小剂量华法令组)62例(INR1.5~2.0),华法令用量1.5~3.25mg/d;对照组(标准剂量强度华法令组)60例(INR2.0~3.0),华法令用量3.0~4.5mg/d。华法令用量根据INR调整,用药10个月。分别观察栓塞、出血、死亡例数。结果研究组年栓塞率为1.6%,对照组年栓塞率为1.7%,两组差异无显著性(P>0.05)。研究组脑出血率和病死率均为0,而对照组脑出血率和病死率均为1.7%。结论应用小剂量华法令进行抗凝,使INR保持在1.5~2.0,既具有抗凝效果,降低了脑栓塞的危险性,又减少了出血的并发症。     

不同强度华法林与利伐沙班对高龄心房颤动患者的抗凝疗效与安全性比较

目的利用食管超声对高龄心房颤动伴血栓形成患者经不同强度华法林与利伐沙班抗凝治疗后作血栓检出率及安全性比较。方法选取确诊有左心房血栓形成的非瓣膜性高龄房颤（75～80岁）患者54例,随机分为低强度华法林抗凝组（低强度组）,标准强度华法林抗凝组（标准强度组）,利伐沙班抗凝组（利伐沙班组）,每组18例。观察期为12个月。比较3组患者左心房血栓检出率、血栓栓塞事件率及严重出血发生率。结果12个月时低强度组左心房血栓检出率22.2%,标准强度组检出率22.2%,利伐沙班组检出率16.7%,3组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。低强度组血栓栓塞事件发生率为16.7％,标准强度组发生率为11.1%,利伐沙班组发生率为11.1％,3组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。低强度华法林组严重出血事件发生率为16.7%,标准强度华法林组为27.8%,利伐沙班组为11.1%,低强度组与利伐沙班组比较,严重出血事件发生率无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,标准强度组的出血发生率高于低强度组以及利伐沙班组患者,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论应用低强度华法林与利伐沙班抗凝在高龄房颤伴血栓形成的患者治疗中,两者治疗左心房血栓的疗效确切,出血风险无增加,安全性好。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.