替比夫定治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化的临床观察

目的观察替比夫定治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者48周疗效。方法 64例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者分成两组,34例给予替比夫定600mg/d治疗,30例给予拉米夫定100mg/d,持续治疗48周。观察治疗后病毒学、生化学、凝血酶原时间及Child-Pugh计分等变化情况。结果替比夫定组患者血清HBV DNA对数值在治疗前为（5.35±0.58）log10拷贝/ml,在治疗后12、24、36、48w时血清HBV DNA下降值依次为（1.88±0.84）log10拷贝/ml,（2.11±0.84）log10拷贝/ml,（2.17±0.74）log10拷贝/ml,（2.36±0.57）log10拷贝/ml,相比拉米夫定组下降值有明显的统计学差异（P〈0.05）。在治疗24周时ALT、AST明显下降,Alb、TBil、PT及Child-Pugh积分等指标均有所改善（P〈0.05）。结论替比夫定治疗于失代偿乙型肝炎肝硬化患者在48周内即能快速有效抑制病毒复制,使HBV DNA水平明显下降,同时可以改善肝功能及Child-Pugh积分等指标。     

替比夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎108周的临床疗效

目的 探讨替比夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者108周的临床疗效.方法 随机选择就诊于吉林大学中日联谊医院未经过抗病毒治疗的72例CHB患者,其中包括35例肝硬化患者,给予口服替比夫定600 mg,1次/d,连续治疗108周.观察患者治疗前、后血清HBV DNA水平,肝功能及HBV标志物.根据12周和24周时的HBV DNA水平将患者分为＜3 log_(10)拷贝/ml和≥3 log_(10)拷贝/ml两组,比较其在治疗108周时的疗效.疗效比较采用χ~2检验.结果 替比夫定治疗4周时,HBV DNA不可测率及ALT复常率分别为37.5%和33.3%,至108周时达到87.5%和91.7%.46例HBeAg阳性患者治疗108周时HBeAg消失率及血清学转换率分别为39.1%和23.9%.12周时HBV DNA水平＜3 log_(10)拷贝/ml的患者,108周时的HBV DNA不可测率及HBeAg血清学转换率明显高于HBV DNA≥3 log_(10)拷贝/ml的患者(χ~2值分别为7.96和3.94,P值均＜0.05).24周时HBV DNA＜3log_(10)拷贝/ml的患者,108周时的HBV DNA不可测率高于HBVDNA≥3 log_(10)拷贝/ml的患者(χ~2=10.13,P＜0.05),耐药发生率低于HBV DNA≥3 log_(10)拷贝/ml的患者(χ~2=4.82,P＜0.05).替比夫定抗病毒治疗108周时肝硬化患者Child-Pugh分级较治疗前明显改善,其中Child A级患者比例明显增加(χ~2=5.83,P＜0.05).结论 替比夫定可强效、快速抑制HBV DNA复制,HBeAg血清学转换率高,长期治疗可明显改善肝硬化患者Child-Pugh评分,获得早期病毒学应答者的耐药发生率低.     

替比夫定或拉米夫定抗乙型肝炎病毒的疗效预测探讨

目的观察替比夫定、拉米夫定治疗24周时对HBV的抑制程度,与治疗1年疗效的相关性,探讨临床实用的疗效预测指标。方法Ⅲ期临床研究,采用随机、对照、双盲、双模拟、多中心设计。共入组慢性乙型肝炎患者332例,其中替比夫定组167例,拉米夫定组165例。根据治疗24周时血清HBV DNA的水平,将患者分为4组：PCR低于检测下限（QL）组（〈300拷贝／ml）、QL-〈10^3拷贝／ml组、10^3-〈10^4拷贝／ml组和≥104拷贝／ml组。结果治疗52周时,替比夫定组血清HBV DNA自基线下降6．2log10,拉米夫定组下降5．4log10,t=3．6,P〈0．01,差异有统计学意义。HBV DNA低于检测下限的比例分别为69．6％和43．4％,χ^2=6．5,P〈0．01,差异有统计学意义。不论替比夫定组还是拉米夫定组治疗24周时HBV DNA水平越低,在52周HBV DNA达到PCR检测不到的水平、HBeAg血清转换和ALT复常的比率越高,48周病毒耐药的发生率越低。24周时替比夫定组HBV DNA低于检测下限的患者在52周时达到HBeAg血清转换的比率为43．3％,≥300拷贝／ml患者为8．8％,χ^2=21．6,P〈0．01,差异有统计学意义。结论替比夫定或拉米夫定治疗24周时,PCR检测不到HBV DNA,提示在52周可达到较佳疗效;24周时病毒水平下降不理想提示发生耐药的可能性增加。24周对HBV DNA的抑制程度可作为1年疗效的预测指标。     

慢性乙型肝炎恩替卡韦治疗后的血清病毒学变化特征

目的研究恩替卡韦（ETV）治疗初治和拉米夫定（LAM）耐药慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者的病毒学应答和耐药。方法50例CHB患者按ETV治疗时机分2组：A组为ETV初治患者25例,患者口服ETV0.5mg/次,每日1次;B组为LAM耐药患者25例,患者口服ETV1.0mg/次,每日1次。疗程中监测患者肝功能和HBV DNA载量,在48周后HBV DNA仍大于4log10拷贝/ml或病毒学突破时,提取患者血清HBV DNA直接测序进行耐药变异分析。结果A组基线、12周、24周、48周、96周HBV DNA载量分别为（7.85±0.83）log10拷贝/ml、（3.24±0.97）log10拷贝/ml、（2.96±0.59）log10拷贝/ml、（2.86±0.52）log10拷贝/ml、（2.70±0）log10拷贝/ml;而B组基线、12周、24周、48周、96周HBV DNA载量分别为（6.41±1.43）log10拷贝/ml、（3.76±0.89）log10拷贝/ml、（2.72±0.09）log10拷贝/ml、（3.14±1.22）log10拷贝/ml、（3.04±1.06）log10拷贝/ml。A组DNA转阴率12周、24周、48周、96周分别为64.0%、80.0%、84.2%、94.4%,B组DNA转阴率12周、24周、48周、96周时分别为32.0%、68.0%、80.0%、88.2%。A组未发现ETV耐药变异,B组患者共有3例（12.0%）发生耐药,48周和96周ETV基因型耐药率分别为4.0%、12.0%。结论ETV治疗初治和LAM耐药患者均有较好病毒学应答,但LAM耐药患者较初治患者ETV累积耐药率高。     

替比夫定治疗活动性乙型肝炎肝硬化疗效观察

目的观察和比较替比夫定与拉米夫定治疗活动性乙型肝炎肝硬化的疗效和安全性。方法 65例活动性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者被随机分为治疗组（30例）和对照组（35例）。在常规综合治疗的基础上,治疗组给予替比夫定600mg/d口服,对照组给予拉米夫定100mg/d口服,观察72周。结果两组随治疗时间延长,患者血清HBVDNA水平下降,肝功能改善,Child-Pugh计分降低;替比夫定组治疗24周、48周和72周时,患者血清HBV DNA水平及治疗72周时ALT和Child-Pugh计分下降均优于拉米夫定组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;两组ALT复常、HBV DNA阴转和HBeAg阴转率无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论替比夫定和拉米夫定均可有效地抑制乙型肝炎肝硬化患者体内的HBV复制,改善肝功能。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者12周自发性HBV DNA水平变化分析

目的 分析慢性乙型肝炎患者12周内自发性HBV DNA水平下降情况.方法 回顾性分析2003-2005年未接受抗病毒药物治疗的慢性乙型肝炎患者12周内自发性HBV DNA水平下降情况,并根据患者基线ALT、总胆红素(TBil)水平进行分组,分析基线ALT、TBil对自发性HBVDNA水平下降的影响.两组间计量资料比较采用t检验或Wilcoxon符号秩和检验;多组数据均值比较采用方差分析;组间率的比较采用x2检验.结果 共收集213例慢性乙型肝炎患者,男性174例,女性39例,年龄18～65(33.0±10.0)岁.其中慢性乙型肝炎轻～中度124例,慢性乙型肝炎重度89例;12周时失访19例(8.92%).所有患者HBV DNA基线均值为(6.66±1.03)log10拷贝/ml,12周时为(5.98±1.53)log10拷贝/ml(P<0.01).慢性乙型肝炎重度患者基线时HBVDNA水平均值低于慢性乙型肝炎轻～中度患者,分别为(6.45±0.99)log10拷贝/ml与(6.81±1.04)log10拷贝/ml(P<0.05);但两组12周时HBV DNA水平均值及HBV DNA水平下降值的差异均无统计学意义.12周时HBV DNA≤3 log10拷贝/ml患者的基线ALT及TBil值高于HBVDNA>3 log10拷贝/ml组,但差异均无统计学意义.12周时HBV DNA水平下降值≥2 log10拷贝/ml与<2 log10拷贝/ml两组患者的基线ALT、TBil水平相近(P>0.05).基线ALT水平≤5倍正常值上限(ULN)与>5×ULN两组患者12周时HBV DNA水平均值及HBV DNA水平下降值的差异均无统计学意义;两组患者12周时HBV DNA≤3 log10拷贝/ml、HBV DNA水平下降值≥2 log10拷贝/ml的比例,差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05).基线时ALT≤5 × ULN及TBil≤5×ULN组HBV DNA水平均值高于其他3组(P<0.05),但12周时各组HBV DNA水平均值、HBV DNA下降值比较,差异无统计学意义. 结论 慢性乙型肝炎患者12周内存在一定程度的自发性HBV DNA水平下降,但肝脏炎症损伤程度与患者12周内自发性HBV DNA水平下降程度无明显的相关性.     

恩替卡韦治疗拉米夫定失效的慢性乙型肝炎患者5年的临床疗效

目的 评价恩替卡韦(ETV)对重庆地区拉米夫定治疗失效的慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者5年的疗效和安全性.方法 选取拉米夫定治疗失效的CHB患者32例,随机分为ETV组(剂量1.0 mg/d)28例和安慰剂组4例,完成12周的双盲治疗后,患者均接受开放的ETV(剂量1.0 mg/d)治疗,持续治疗至240周.分别检测治疗2、4、8、12、24、48、96、144、168、240周时患者的血清HBV DNA水平、HBsAg与HBeAg状态和肝功能情况.双盲阶段HBV DNA水平变化情况经Mauchly"球对称"检验后采用重复测量数据方差分析;连续性变量的统计描述用均数±标准差(x±s)表示.结果 在接受ETV治疗后,12周时ETV组患者血清HBV DNA水平平均下降4.05 log10拷贝/ml,安慰剂组平均下降0.08 log10拷贝/ml(P<0.05).治疗240周时,ETV组患者HBV DNA水平均值下降至2.58 log10拷贝/ml.HBV DNA<3 log10拷贝/ml患者的百分比在治疗前为0,从第8周开始上升(6.25%),24周时为15.6%,尤其在96周明显上升(50%),到240周末为57.14%.240周末有2例出现HBsAg血清学转换,4例出现HBeAg血清学转换.服用ETV后ALT水平下降较迅速,12周后均数达正常水平,且5年持续低于40 U/L.5年治疗期间,患者不良事件发生率为21%,有1例出现严重不良事件. 结论 ETV(1.0 mg/d)治疗拉米夫定失效的CHB患者具有显著的抗病毒和临床疗效,且安全性及耐受性良好.     

口服替比夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎效果观察

目的观察替比夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎的临床疗效及不良反应。方法 174例慢性乙型肝炎患者随机分为替比夫定组86例和拉米夫定组88例,分别给予替比夫定600 mg/d和拉米夫定100 mg/d,连续应用48周,观察治疗后12、24、36、48周时血清HBV DNA定量、病毒性肝炎标志物、肝功、肾功、肌酸激酶及药物不良反应等指标。结果治疗后12、24、36、48周替比夫定组血清HBV DNA水平明显低于拉米夫定组(P均<0.01),替比夫定组HBV DNA转阴率、ALT复常率均高于拉米夫定组(P<0.05或<0.01),治疗后24、36、48周时HBeAg转阴率及完全应答率替比夫定组均高于拉米夫定组(P<0.05)。48周时病毒反跳率替比夫定组低于拉米夫定组(P<0.05)。两组药物不良反应发生率相近(P>0.05)。结论与口服拉米夫定比较,口服替比夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎效果较好。     

rtA181位点突变乙型肝炎病毒感染患者的临床特点及个体化再治疗效果

目的 研究rtA181位点突变慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者的用药史、临床特点及个体化治疗效果. 方法 核苷(酸)类似物(NUCs)治疗中病毒学突破并检出rtA181突变的54例CHHB及相关肝硬化患者,检测其血清HBV DNA、HBsAg定量及ALT水平,焦磷酸基因测序法定量检测HBV的P基因区10个NUCs相关耐药突变位点.回顾性分析不同用药史患者的病毒变异模式,比较病毒学突破时与基线期、rtA181单个与多个位点突变时的HBV DNA载量,分析发生病毒学突破时,含rtA181T与含rtA181V位点突变患者的血清学指标.前瞻性队列研究分析不同个体化干预措施的疗效.正态分布的计量资料用t检验进行比较,不符合正态分布的数据用Mann-Whitney检验分析,两组间计数资料的比较采用x2检验或Fisher's精确概率法. 结果 54例rtA181突变的患者中,35例(64.8％)为包含rtA181T的突变.既往用药主要为阿德福韦酯和拉米夫定.应用多种NUCs者,多位点突变占57.6％ (19/33);单一NUCs者,多位点突变占28.6％ (6/21),x2=4.342,P＜0.05.发生病毒学突破时,患者血清HBV DNA载量较初次NU Cs抗病毒治疗时低[(5.66±1.01)1og10拷贝/ml比(6.75±0.81)log10拷贝/ml,t=-4.210,P＜0.01],含rtA181T位点突变患者较含rtA181V位点突变患者HBsAg水平高[(3.80±0.45) log10 IU/ml比(3.46±0.60)1og10 IU/ml,t=2.109,P＜0.05].对患者分别给予加用或换用恩替卡韦和加用替比夫定治疗,随访满24周时,HBV DNA≥6 log10拷贝/ml的患者中,8例加用或换用恩替卡韦,4例加用替比夫定,其发生病毒学应答者分别为8例和3例,HBV DNA阴转者分别为3例和l例;HBV DNA＜6 log10拷贝/ml中,14例加用或换用恩替卡韦,7例加用替比夫定,其发生病毒学应答者分别为14例和5例,HBV DNA阴转者分别为12例和4例.结论 用药史与rtA181突变模式有一定关系,应用多种NUCs的患者,易出现多位点突变和多重耐药.加或换恩替卡韦干预治疗的疗效好于加用替比夫定方案.     

恩替卡韦治疗拉米夫定失效的慢性乙型肝炎患者3年临床研究

目的评价恩替卡韦对重庆地区拉米夫定治疗失效的CHB患者3年的疗效和安全性。方法选取拉米夫定治疗失效的CHB患者32例,其中恩替卡韦组28例(剂量1.0 mg/d),安慰剂组4例。完成12周的双盲冶疗后,所有患者均接受开放的恩替卡韦1.0mg/d,持续治疗至168周。定期检测血清HBV DNA水平、HBeAg、抗-HBe和肝功能的变化情况。结果在接受恩替卡韦治疗后,患者血清HBV DNA水平对数值的均数在2周内由9.14log10拷贝/ml迅速下降至6.72log10拷贝/ml,其后持续平稳下降,4、8、12、24、48周分别下降至6.28 log10、5.46 log10、5.10 log10、4.49 log10、4.41 log10拷贝/ml,至96周时下降至3.91 log10拷贝/ml,其后下降速度减慢,至144周和168周时分别为4.05 log10、4.21 log10拷贝/ml。HBV DNA>10~5拷贝/ml的百分比治疗前为100%,随着服药时间的延长逐渐下降,在12周时下降至46.43%,其后仍逐渐下降,到96周时仅为17.86%。与其相反,HBV DNA<10~3拷贝/ml的百分比在治疗前为0,从第8周开始逐渐上升(7.14%),12周时为10.71%,尤其在96周明显上升至46.43%,到168周时为57.14%。168周末HBeAg阴转率为10.07%。服用恩替卡韦后ALT下降较迅速,12周后均数达正常水平,且3年内持续低于40 U/L。3年治疗期间,患者不良事件发生率为21%,有1例发生严重不良事件。结论恩替卡韦治疗拉米夫定失效的CHB患者,可明显抑制HBV DNA复制,HBV DNA水平降低迅速且持久;能促进ALT复常;使用安全,耐受性良好。     

恩替卡韦治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化的疗效观察

目的观察恩替卡韦治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者48周时的疗效。方法肝硬化患者随机分为两组,分别给予口服恩替卡韦0.5mg/d和拉米夫定100mg/d。观察24、48周时肝功能、凝血酶原活动度（PTA）、血清学、病毒学、肝纤维化指标、Child-Pugh积分等变化情况。结果 24周时肝功能、PTA、肝纤维化指标和Child-Pugh积分等均有所改善,但两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,随着疗程的延长无明显变化。恩替卡韦组在24、48周时分别有26.1%（6/23）及30.4%（7/23）的患者出现HBeAg血清学转换,但两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。24、48周HBV DNA水平下降值、HBV DNA阴转率恩替卡韦组高于拉米夫定组（P〈0.05）。结论恩替卡韦能有效、快速抑制失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者的病毒复制,改善肝功能。     

Telbivudine versus lamivudine in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B: Results at 1 year of a randomized, double-blind trial

Chronic hepatitis B and its life-threatening sequelae are highly prevalent in China. There is a need for effective new therapies to suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and ameliorate liver disease. In this study, we compared the efficacy of telbivudine, a nucleoside analogue, with lamivudine in Chinese patients. In this phase III, double-blind, multicenter trial conducted in China, 332 patients with compensated hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive or HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B were randomly assigned to treatment with 600 mg of telbivudine or 100 mg of lamivudine daily for 104 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was reduction in serum HBV DNA levels at week 52 of treatment. Secondary endpoints included clearance of HBV DNA to undetectable levels, HBeAg loss and seroconversion, therapeutic response, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization. Viral resistance and safety were assessed. At week 52, among 290 HBeAg-positive patients, mean reductions of serum HBV DNA were significantly greater in telbivudine recipients than lamivudine recipients (6.3 log(10) versus 5.5 log(10), P < 0.001), and HBV DNA was polymerase chain reaction-negative in significantly more telbivudine recipients than lamivudine recipients (67% versus 38%, P < 0.001). ALT normalization (87% versus 75%, P = 0.007), therapeutic response (85% versus 62%, P = 0.001), and HBeAg loss (31% versus 20%, P = 0.047) were also significantly more common in the telbivudine group. Treatment effects showed similar patterns in the smaller HBeAg-negative group (n = 42). Viral resistance in telbivudine recipients was approximately half that observed with lamivudine; however, this difference was not statistically significant. Clinical adverse events were similar in the two treatment groups. CONCLUSION: In Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B, telbivudine treatment for 52 weeks provided greater antiviral and clinical efficacy than lamivudine, with less resistance.     

慢性乙型肝炎治疗中影响HBeAg转阴和定量的有关因素分析

背景：慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗的完全应答包括血清HBVDNA低于检测水平和HBeAg血清学转换,HBeAg是评估乙型肝炎治疗效果和停药的监测指标。目的：探讨替比夫定治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者时影响HBeAg转阴的因素。方法：采用替比夫定治疗156例HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者48周,观察ALT、HBVDNA、HBeAg治疗前后变化,分析治疗前基线HBVDNA载量、ALT水平、HBVDNA降至检测下限的时间对HBeAg转阴和定量的影响。结果：替比夫定治疗48周后,HBVDNA转阴128例（82．1％）,ALT恢复正常153例（98．1％）,HBeAg转阴52例（33．3％）;HBVDNA载量、HBeAg定量、ALT水平均显著降低（P〈0．01）。治疗前HBVDNA〈10^7 copies／mL、ALT≥200U／L组的HBeAg转阴率分别显著高于HBVDNA≥10^7 copies／mL、ALT〈200U／L组（46．4％对23．0％,P〈0．01;55．2％对16．9％,P〈0．叭）,且HBeAg定量显著降低（P〈0．01）。HBVDNA降至检测下限的不同时间组HBeAg转阴率和定量相比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：基线HBVDNA〈10^7 copies／mL、ALT水平较高、治疗后HBVDNA降至检测下限的时间对替比夫定治疗48周时HBeAg转阴和定量具有明显的影响。     

恩替卡韦或其联合阿德福韦酯补救治疗拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯应答不佳的慢性乙型肝炎

目的 对拉米夫定(LAM)初治耐药后,LAM联合阿德福韦酯(ADV)应答不佳的慢性乙型肝炎患者,分别采用恩替卡韦(ETV)单药或ETV联合ADV进行补救治疗,比较两种补救方案的疗效.方法 对LAM初治耐药后应用LAM联合ADV应答不佳的40例患者,分别应用ETV 1.0 mg/d(14例)及ETV 0.5 mg/d联合ADV 10mg/d (26例)两种方案进行补救治疗,至少观察48周,定期监测HBV DNA、肝肾功能、HBV标志物等指标.根据资料不同分别采用t检验Wilcoxon检验或x2检验.结果 两组患者采用补救治疗前的基线情况差异无统计学意义.分别采用两种补救方案治疗后,两组患者HBV DNA水平均有下降,但ETV联合ADV组下降幅度较大.补救治疗24周时,ETV 1,0mg组有28.6％％(4例)达到HBV DNA转阴,ETV联合ADV组则有80.8％ (21例)达到HBV DNA转阴,x2=8.469,P=0.004,差异具有统计学意义;48周时,ETV1.0mg组仍仅有4例患者HBV DNA转阴,而ETV联合ADV组全部26例患者均达到HBV DNA转阴.补救治疗24周时,ETV 1.0mg组有42.9％(6例)患者ALT复常,ETV联合ADV组有92.3％ (24例)患者ALT复常,x 2=9.337,P=0.002,差异具有统计学意义;48周时,ETV 1.0mg组有57.1％(8例)患者ALT复常,而ETV联合ADV组所有患者均达到ALT复常.补救治疗48周时,ETV 1.0mg组有1例患者发生HBeAg血清学转换,ETV联合ADV组有4例患者发生HBeAg血清学转换.结论 对于LAM耐药后LAM联合ADV应答不佳的慢性乙型肝炎患者,采用ETV联合ADV的补救方案较ETV单药1.0mg的方案更为有效,可以实现更好的病毒学及生物化学应答.     

替比夫定与恩替卡韦治疗e抗原阳性慢性乙型肝炎的近期疗效比较

目的 观察替比夫定与恩替卡韦治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者近期疗效及安全性. 方法 80例患者随机分为替比夫定治疗组和恩替卡韦治疗组,分别在治疗前,治疗第12周和24周检测患者血清HBV DNA水平、ALT复常率、HBeAg阴转率和HBeAg/抗-HBe转换率,并比较不同基线血清HBV DNA水平患者治疗12周和24周时的血清HBV DNA下降值,HBV DNA低于检测值率,HBV DNA＜104拷贝/ml患者的比例.观察治疗过程中药物使用的安全性.结果 替比夫定和恩替卡韦组患者的基础人口学、临床和病毒学特征均具有可比性.治疗12周时,替比夫定组和恩替卡韦组患者HBV DNA低于检测值率均为50.0%,ALT复常率分别为52.5%和60.0%(P＞0.05),HBeAg阴转率分别为30.0%和5.0%(P＜0.01),HBeAg血清学转换率分别为20.0%和5.0%(P＜0.05);在治疗24周时,两组HBV DNA低于检测值率分别为80%和70%,(P＞0.05),ALT复常率分别为77.5%和75.0%(P＞0.05),HBeAg阴转率分别为45.0%和32.5%(P＞0.05),HBeAg血清学转换率分别为27.5%和17.5%(P＞0.05),两组均未发现明显不良反应.结论 替比夫定与恩替卡韦治疗HBeAg阳性的慢性乙型肝炎的近期HBV DNA水平低于检测值率,ALT复常率无明显差异;12周时替比夫定HBeAg血清学转换率高于思替卡韦组,但24周时两组间差异无统计学意义.     

Long-term efficacy of entecavir therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients with antiviral resistance to lamivudine and adefovir

No studies have reported the long-term effects of entecavir switching in patients with multidrug resistance who developed resistance after lamivudine/adefovir sequential therapy. We evaluated the efficacy of 96 weeks of entecavir therapy in patients with resistance to lamivudine/adefovir sequential therapy. In total, 33 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with evidence of active viral replication (HBV DNA levels ≥ 10(5) copies/mL) or a history of treatment failure to lamivudine/adefovir sequential therapy between April 2007 and July 2009 were treated with entecavir (1.0 mg daily) for at least 48 weeks. The rates of alanine transaminase (ALT) normalization and HBV DNA negativity were 66.7% (14/21) and 24.2% (8/33) at 48 weeks, respectively. The initial HBV DNA level was the only factor that was inversely associated with serum HBV DNA negativity after 48 weeks of entecavir therapy (P < 0.023). At 96 weeks, the rates of ALT normalization and HBV DNA negativity were 77.8% (7/9) and 16.7% (3/18), respectively. Viral breakthrough occurred in 21.2% (7/33) and 78.9% (15/19) of patients at 48 and 96 weeks, respectively. Patients who achieved a HBV DNA level of <4 log(10) copies/mL at 48 weeks maintained a similar HBV DNA level and a normal ALT level until 96 weeks. Entecavir monotherapy for 96 weeks was not efficacious for patients with lamivudine/adefovir-resistant HBV. The initial HBV DNA level was the only predictive factor for antiviral efficacy. However, patients who achieved a HBV DNA level of <4 log(10) copies/mL with a normal ALT level at 48 weeks should maintain, rather than stop, entecavir therapy.     

Efficacy of switching to telbivudine in chronic hepatitis B patients treated previously with lamivudine

Background: Telbivudine showed greater antiviral suppression than lamivudine in phase II and III clinical trials. Aims: The present phase IIIb, randomized, double‐blind, multicentre global trial assessed the antiviral efficacy and safety of telbivudine switch in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who exhibited persistent viraemia under lamivudine therapy. Methods: HBeAg‐positive and HBeAg‐negative adult patients (N=246) with persistent viraemia [hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA>3 log₁₀ copies/ml] under lamivudine treatment for 12–52 weeks were randomized (1:1) to continue lamivudine 100 mg/day or switch to telbivudine 600 mg/day for 1 year. Primary endpoint was the reduction in serum HBV DNA levels from baseline at Week 24. Results: The mean reduction in serum HBV DNA levels from baseline with telbivudine was significantly higher than lamivudine at Week 24 (?1.9 ± 0.18 vs. ?0.9 ± 0.27 log₁₀ copies/ml; P<0.001) and maintained through 1 year. The rate of treatment failure was significantly lower (P<0.001) for patients who switched to telbivudine (5%) compared with those who continued lamivudine (20%) after 52 weeks of treatment. In the telbivudine group, treatment failure occurred in only five patients with >24 weeks of prior lamivudine treatment, all associated with pre‐existent lamivudine‐resistant mutations. Genotypic resistance rates were higher in patients continuing lamivudine compared with those who switched to telbivudine with <24 weeks of lamivudine exposure. Both treatments were well tolerated with similar safety profiles. Conclusions: Early (≤24 weeks) switch to telbivudine improves virological outcomes in CHB patients with persistent viral replication under lamivudine treatment.     

Is telbivudine superior to lamivudine for the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B?

This practice point commentary discusses the findings and limitations of a prospective, double-blind, phase III trial conducted by Lai et al. in which patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were randomly allocated to receive telbivudine 600 mg daily or lamivudine 100 mg daily. The trial showed that telbivudine was superior to lamivudine in terms of mean reduction in number of HBV DNA copies/ml from baseline, the number of patients with a reduction in serum HBV DNA to undetectable levels, and rate of HBV drug resistance. This commentary highlights the issues to consider when interpreting and generalizing these results, including the fact that lamivudine is no longer recommended as first-line therapy for patients with CHB and that head-to-head comparisons between telbivudine and its two alternatives-entecavir and adefovir dipivoxil-have not been performed. The importance of selecting patients for treatment according to predictive factors of a good response is also highlighted.