葡萄籽原花青素对肾血管性高血压大鼠血管内皮细胞功能的影响

目的 观察葡萄籽原花青素(GSP)对肾血管性高血压(RH)大鼠血管内皮细胞(VEC)功能的影响.方法 采用两肾一夹(2K1C)法复制RH大鼠模型,并设假手术组(control,n=8).术后2周,选取鼠尾动脉收缩压升至130 mmHg以上的大鼠32只为RH大鼠,随机分为4组(n=8):高血压模型组(RH model)、GSP低剂量治疗组[low GSP,50 mg/(kg·d)]、GSP高剂量治疗组[high GSP,200 mg/(kg·d)]和卡托普利阳性对照治疗组[captopril,30 mg/(kg·d)].治疗6周后,分别测定各组大鼠尾动脉收缩压、血清中内皮素(ET)、前列环素(PGI2)和血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)含量,Western blotting法检测腹主动脉中内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)的蛋白表达.结果 治疗6周后,与control组相比,RH model组大鼠的尾动脉收缩压、血清中ET和AngⅡ含量明显升高,而血清中PGI2含量和腹主动脉中eNOS的蛋白表达明显降低;与RH model组相比,GSP各剂量治疗组和captopril治疗组大鼠的尾动脉收缩压、血清中ET和AngⅡ含量显著降低,血清中PGI2含量和腹主动脉中eNOS的蛋白表达显著升高.结论 GSP能降低RH大鼠尾动脉收缩压、减少RH大鼠血清中缩血管物质ET和AngⅡ含量、增加舒血管物质PGI2含量及增强腹主动脉中eNOS的蛋白表达进而发挥保护VEC功能的作用.     

葡萄籽原花青素对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的研究

目的探讨葡萄籽原花青素(GSPE)对大鼠肾缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法选用健康雄性Wistar大鼠36只,随机分为3组:假手术组(Sham组)、肾缺血-再灌注损伤组(RIRI组)、葡萄籽原花青素预处理组(GSPE组),建立大鼠肾缺血-再灌注损伤模型,于肾缺血-再灌注2 h、24 h分别检测血清肌酐(SCr)、血清尿素氮(BUN)含量的变化及血清和组织丙二醛(MDA)的含量及谷胱甘肽光氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性的变化。结果与Sham组相比,IRIR组和GSPE组血清SCr、BUN含量升高(P<0.01),血清及肾组织MDA含量升高(P<0.01),GSH-Px活性降低(P<0.01);与IRIR组相比,GSPE组的SCr、BUN含量降低(P<0.01),血清及肾组织MDA水平降低(P<0.05),GSH-Px活性升高(P<0.01)。结论在肾缺血-再灌注损伤过程中,葡萄籽原花青素能改善肾功能,其机制可能与抗自由基损伤和减轻脂质过氧化有关。     

葡萄籽原花青素对血管性痴呆大鼠的治疗作用研究

目的研究葡萄籽原花青素对大鼠血管性痴呆的治疗作用。并探讨这一作用的机制。方法采用大脑中动脉栓塞法制备血管性痴呆大鼠模型,将50只SD大鼠分为假手术组、模型组、阳性对照组（银杏叶提取物片）、葡萄籽原花青素低剂量组（50mg·kg^-1）和葡萄籽原花青素高剂量组（150mg·kg^-1）,每组10只。通过水迷宫法和跳台实验测定大鼠学习记忆能力,并测定脑组织内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和胆碱酯酶（ChE）的活性、总抗氧化能力（T—AOC）及丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果低和高剂量原花青素均可使大鼠水迷宫潜伏期明显缩短,穿台次数明显增加;延长跳台实验潜伏期,减少跳台错误总数;提高脑组织SOD活性和T—AOC。降低脂质过氧化物含量和ChE活性。结论原花青素有抗大鼠血管性痴呆的作用,作用机制与其提高机体抗氧化能力和降低脑组织内ChE活性有关。     

葡萄籽原花青素对2型糖尿病大鼠氧化应激的影响

目的:观察葡萄籽原花青素(grape seed proanthocyanidin,GSPC)对2型糖尿病(2-DM)大鼠体内氧化应激的影响.方法:60只Wistar大鼠,随机选取10只为正常对照组,余下50只大鼠给予高糖高脂饮食加尾静脉注射小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立2-DM模型后,随机以10只一组分为4组,分别为2-DM模型对照组,葡萄籽原花青素(GSPC)低、中、高三个剂量组.灌胃治疗8周后,用分光光度法比较各组大鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶(super oxidedismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)、一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase,NOS)水平.结果:与2-DM模型组比较,GSPC组可以显著升高血清SOD、NO、NOS(P＜0.01),降低MDA水平(P＜0.01).结论:GSPC能够降低2-DM大鼠的氧化应激水平,对2-DM有一定的预防和治疗作用.     

葡萄籽原花青素对糖尿病小鼠心室重构的保护作用

目的 探讨葡萄籽原花青素(GSP)对糖尿病小鼠心脏损伤的保护作用及作用机制.方法 采用腹腔注射四氧嘧啶制备1型糖尿病模型,造模成功后,随机分为模型组、GSP低、中、高剂量组(65、130、195 mg/kg)和二甲双胍(MET)阳性对照组(220 mg/kg).同时设置空白对照组,各组灌胃给药30 d,对照和模型组给予...     

葡萄籽原花青素对糖基化终产物损伤内皮细胞的保护作用

目的：研究不同浓度葡萄籽原花青素(GSPC)对糖基化终产物(AGE)作用下人脐静脉内皮细胞的保护作用及其机制。　方法：体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC),糖孵育法制备糖基化终产物修饰牛血清白蛋白(AGE-BSA)。实验分为6组,即空白对照组、实验对照组(BSA组)、损伤组(AGE组)、损伤加入GSPC低、中、高浓度组。将200mg/L AGE作用于不同浓度GSPC培养4h的内皮细胞,继续培养24?h,以细胞生存活力、血管性假血友病因子（vWF）、一氧化氮(NO)为检测指标。结果：200mg/L　AGE抑制HUVEC生存活力,细胞增殖活力下降为正常组的90.53％,GSPC预孵育组细胞生存活力逐渐增加,分别为正常组的0.95、1.12、1.23倍;AGE组vWF生成量较正常对照组明显增加(P<0.01),NO含量较正常对照组明显降低(P<0.01)。GSPC预孵育组可显著降低增高的vWF水平,NO生成量显著高于AGE组(P<0.01), 100mg/L GSPC预处理组NO水平恢复至正常水平。结论：AGE会损伤内皮细胞,抑制内皮细胞的生存活力,减少NO的生成。GSPC可抑制AGE对内皮细胞的损伤作用,且可抑制AGE减少NO生成的作用,并呈浓度依赖性,提示GSPC保护内皮细胞免受AGE损伤的机制可能与增加内皮细胞NO生成量有关。     

葡萄籽原花青素的研究进展

葡萄籽原花青素是一种聚多酚类混合物,葡萄籽原花青素有着极强的抗氧化及清除自由基活性,还有抗心血管疾病、抗肿瘤、抗衰老、抗疲劳、抗病毒等作用。本文对葡萄籽原花青素的药理作用、食用安全性及开发应用的研究进展做一综述。     

葡萄籽原花青素对自发性高血压大鼠主动脉重构的改善作用研究

目的  探讨葡萄籽原花青素（GSP）对自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）主动脉重构的改善作用。方法  8周龄雄性SHR 24 只随机分为4组,每组6只：SHR组、GSP低剂量（50 mg/kg）、高剂量组（200 mg/kg）以及卡托普利组（30 mg/kg）。6只同龄雄性Wistar-Kyoto大鼠设为对照组。每周测定尾动脉收缩压（SBP）;治疗6周后HE染色下测定胸主动脉中膜横截面积（MCSA）、管腔面积（LA）及MCSA/LA;Masson三色法测量胸主动脉胶原容积分数（CVF）;ELISA法测定胸主动脉中Ⅰ型胶原（ColⅠ）含量;生化法检测大鼠胸主动脉中过氧化氢酶（CAT）活力及丙二醛（MDA）含量;蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blot）检测胸主动脉中ERK1/2蛋白表达。结果  GSP能显著降低SHR SBP（P <0.01）,改善血管重构参数,减少胸主动脉MDA含量以及ERK1/2蛋白的表达,提高CAT活力。结论  GSP能够改善SHR胸主动脉重构,其作用可能是通过降压、对抗氧化应激和抑制ERK1/2蛋白表达实现的。

     

葡萄籽中原花青素提取工艺的研究

目的：探讨葡萄籽原花青素的最佳提取工艺条件。方珐：将乙醇溶液作为提取液，用正交实验优选最佳提取工艺。结果：最佳提取条件为：将样品粉碎成粗粉，脱脂后用60％的乙醇溶液作为提取液，对样品回流提取2次，每次30min。所得产品的原花青素含量为33．8％，收率为19．7％。结论：本研究初步建立了葡萄籽原花青素提取工艺。     

葡萄籽原花青素对兔动脉粥样硬化氧化应激的影响

目的 通过观察葡萄籽原花青素对动脉粥样硬化兔血浆丙二醛及氧化低密度脂蛋白及主动脉形态学的影响,探讨葡萄籽原花青素对氧化应激及动脉粥样硬化的预防作用。方法 将24只雄性新西兰白兔随机分为对照组、模型组及葡萄籽原花青素干预组,每组8只,分别给予不同的饲料,0、4、8、12周末留取血浆,使用酶联免疫吸附法检测血浆丙二醛及氧化低密度脂蛋白含量,留取主动脉行HE染色及扫描电镜观察。 结果 12周末氧化低密度脂蛋白含量模型组较对照组明显升高［（54.26±5.33）mg/L vs （24.48±3.13）mg/L, P﹤0.01］,而葡萄籽原花青素组为(45.46±4.01)mg/L,与模型组差异具有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）;模型组丙二醛的含量较对照组明显升高 ［(7.49±0.53) μmol/L vs （3.08±0.13)μmol/L, P﹤0.01］,而葡萄籽原花青素组含量为(6.90±0.59)μmol/L,与模型组差异具有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。形态学观察可见,葡萄籽原花青素干预治疗后,局部破坏减轻,小栓子形成受抑。 结论 葡萄籽原花青素具有显著抗氧化效果,可抑制低密度脂蛋白氧化,发挥抗动脉粥样硬化形成作用。     

氯沙坦减轻自发性高血压大鼠主动脉重构及其机制

目的：观察氯沙坦治疗对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)主动脉重构及p22phox表达的影响。方法：36只12周龄SHR连续灌胃给予氯沙坦,剂量分别为0,15,30 mg/(kg·d),每组12只;另取12只WKY大鼠作为非高血压对照组。每周测定尾动脉压。8周后检测主动脉病理结构、血浆过氧化氢（H2O2）水平、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)活力、血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang II)水平、主动脉p22phox的表达。结果：SHR主动脉血管壁明显增厚,尾动脉压、血浆H2O2和AngⅡ水平及主动脉p22phox的表达均显著增高,而血浆CAT活力明显下降;应用氯沙坦治疗在降低血压的同时,可改善SHRL主动脉结构,降低血浆H2O2水平和主动脉p22phox的表达,升高血浆AngⅡ水平及和CAT活力。结论： SHR主动脉血管重构涉及氧化应激,氯沙坦可改善血管重构,其机制与下调p22phox表达、抑制氧化应激有关。     

Inhibitory effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on selenite-induced cataract formation and possible mechanism

This study investigated the inhibitory effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract(GSPE) on selenite-induced cataract formation in rats and the possible mechanism.Eighty 8-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 5 groups:control group,model group,three GSPE groups(low dose,medium dose and high dose).Control group received subcutaneous injection of physiological saline.Model group was given subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite(20 μmol/kg body weight) on the postpartum day 10,and once every other day for consecutive three times thereafter.GSPE treated groups were respectively administered GSPE at doses of 50,100,and 200 mg/kg body weight intragastrically 2 days prior to the selenite injection(that was,on the postpartum day 8),and once daily for fourteen consecutive days thereafter.The opacity of lenses was observed,graded and photographed under the slit lamp microscopy and the maximal diameter of the nuclear cataract plaques was measured.The lenses were analyzed for superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX),malondialdehyde(MDA),calcium(Ca 2+),nitric oxide(NO) and anti-hydroxyl radical ability(anti-OH).The histomorphology of lenses was observed with HE staining under a light microscope.The levels of calpainⅡ,and iNOS protein and mRNA expression in lenses were detected by using immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative RT-PCR.The results showed subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite led to severe nuclear cataract in model group,and the achievement ratio of model group was 100%.As compared with model group,the degree of lenses opacity and the maximal diameter of nuclear cataract plaques were significantly reduced in GSPE-treated groups.Moreover,we observed selenite treatment caused a significant decrease in the activities of antioxidative enzymes(SOD,CAT,GSH-PX) and anti-OH ability,accompanied by a significant increase in the levels of MDA,NO,Ca 2+ as well as iNOS,and calpainⅡ protein and mRNA expression.Administration of GSPE could dose-dependently pre     

原花青素对人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的诱导分化作用

目的探讨葡萄籽提取物原花青素（PA）对人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721细胞的诱导分化作用。方法用不同剂量的PA与SMMC27721细胞共同培养,以MTT法检测细胞增殖和PA对细胞增殖的抑制作用;镜下观察细胞形态改变;采用RT-PCR方法检测细胞甲胎蛋白mRNA表达,金氏法检测细胞碱性磷酸酶活性的变化。结果 PA在20～60μg/ml的浓度范围均能抑制细胞增殖,且抑制率随浓度的增加而增高（P〈0.05）,细胞形态和结构向正常肝细胞方向逆转,40μg/ml和60μg/ml的PA均可使细胞甲胎蛋白mRNA表达量明显下降,碱性磷酸酶活性明显升高。结论 PA对人肝癌SMMC27721细胞具有抗增殖和促分化作用。     

越桔原花青素抑制大鼠心肌纤维化的作用研究

目的探讨越桔原花青素(PC)抑制大鼠心肌纤维化的作用及机制.方法 以异丙肾上腺素(Iso)背部皮下注射5 mg/(kg·d)7 d构建大鼠心肌纤维化模型,同时以灌胃方式给予PC 100、200、400 mg( kg · d),连续用药14 d,实验结束后测量大鼠左心室重量指数(LVW/BW);分光光度法检测左心室中羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量;ELISA法测定血清中Ⅰ型胶原的含量;比色法检测血清中一氧化氮(N0)含量的变化.结果 与对照组比较,Iso模型组大鼠左心室重量指数增加,Hyp含量增加,血清中Ⅰ型胶原的含量增加,血清中NO含量降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).PC 200、400 mg/(kg· d)能降低左心室重量指数及心肌组织中Hyp含量,降低血清中Ⅰ型胶原的含量,PC可增加血清中NO含量,同模型组比较有统计学差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 PC可通过提高NO水平抑制胶原的合成,从而抑制大鼠心肌纤维化.     

Neuroprotective Effects of Grape Seed Procyanidin Extract on Ischemia-Reperfusion Brain Injury

Objective Oxidative stress (OS) plays a crucial role in ischemic stroke. Grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) was reported to be a critical regulator of OS. We hypothesized that GSPE might also be protective in ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. This study aimed to explore whether GSPE administration can protect mice from ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. Methods Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was conducted followed by reperfusion for 24 hours to make ischemia-reperfusion brain injury in mice that received GSPE (MCAOG, n=60) or normal saline (MCAONS, n=60). Sham-operated mice (GSPE group and normal saline group) were set as controls. The neurological severity score (NSS) was used to evaluate neural function impairment 1 hour, 24 hour, 3 days and 7 days after MCAO. Mice underwent brain T2WI imaging with a 3T animal MRI scanner 24 hours after reperfusion, and the stroke volume of brains were calculated according to abnormal signal intensity. Immunohistopathological analysis of brain tissues at 24 h after reperfusion was performed for neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN), CD34, Bcl-2, and Bax. Glutathione peroxidation (GSH-Px) activity and the level of malonaldehyde (MDA) of brain tissue were also examined. The above indexes were compared among the groups statistically. Results Significant functional improvement was observed 24 hours after MCAO in MCAOG group compared to MCAONS group (P<0.05). MCAOG group had smaller cerebral stroke volume (22.46 ± 11.45 mm3vs. 47.84±9.06 mm3,P<0.05) than MCAONS group 24 hours after MCAO. More mature NeuN-immunoreactive neurons and more CD34-positive cells in peri-infarct zones were observed in brain tissue of MCAOG mice 24 h after MCAO than that of MCAONS mice (bothP<0.05). MCAONS mice had significantly higher number of Bax-positive cells in brain tissue than MCAOG (P<0.05). The mean MDA level was significantly lower (P<0.05) and the GSH-Px activity was significantly higher (P<0.05) in brains of MCAOG mice compared to those of MCAONS mice. Conclusion GSPE administration protects mice from ischemia-reperfusion brain injury through attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis, promoting angiogenesis, and activating antioxidant enzyme GSH-Px. GSPE may represent a new therapeutical direction for the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion brain injury.     

葡萄籽提取物对小鼠急性化学性肝损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的：研究葡萄籽提取物（GSE）对四氯化碳（CCl4）所致小鼠急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用，并探讨其可能的作用机制，为进一步研究GSE的保健功能奠定基础。方法：雄性昆明种小鼠60只，随机分为正常对照组、急性化学性肝损伤模型组、联苯双酯阳性对照组（150mg／kg）以及GSE低、中、高剂量组（50、250、500mg／kg）共6组。测定并比较各组小鼠肝脏和脾脏系数，采用赖氏法测定血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）活性，采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，采用硫代巴比妥酸法（TBA）测定肝组织中丙二醛（MDA）含量，并对各组进行比较，观察肝脏病理组织学变化。结果：GSE各剂量组均能升高急性化学性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT和AST活性（P〈O．01），升高肝组织SOD活性（P〈O．01），降低MDA含量（P〈O．01），并能不同程度地改善肝脏病理组织损伤。结论：葡萄籽提取物对CCl4所致急性化学性肝损伤具有保护作用。     

Neuroprotective Effects of Grape Seed Procyanidin Extract on Ischemia-Reperfusion Brain Injury△

Objective Oxidative stress (OS) plays a crucial role in ischemic stroke. Grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) was reported to be a critical regulator of OS. We hypothesized that GSPE might also be protective in ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. This study aimed to explore whether GSPE administration can protect mice from ischemia-reperfusion brain injury.Methods Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was conducted followed by reperfusion for 24 hours to make ischemia-reperfusion brain injury in mice that received GSPE (MCAOG, n=60) or normal saline (MCAONS, n=60). Sham-operated mice (GSPE group and normal saline group) were set as controls. The neurological severity score (NSS) was used to evaluate neural function impairment 1 hour, 24 hour, 3 days and 7 days after MCAO. Mice underwent brain T2WI imaging with a 3T animal MRI scanner 24 hours after reperfusion, and the stroke volume of brains were calculated according to abnormal signal intensity. Immunohistopathological analysis of brain tissues at 24 h after reperfusion was performed for neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN), CD34, Bcl-2, and Bax. Glutathione peroxidation (GSH-Px) activity and the level of malonaldehyde (MDA) of brain tissue were also examined. The above indexes were compared among the groups statistically.Results Significant functional improvement was observed 24 hours after MCAO in MCAOG group compared to MCAONS group (P<0.05). MCAOG group had smaller cerebral stroke volume (22.46 ± 11.45 mm³ vs. 47.84±9.06 mm³, P<0.05) than MCAONS group 24 hours after MCAO. More mature NeuN-immunoreactive neurons and more CD34-positive cells in peri-infarct zones were observed in brain tissue of MCAOG mice 24 h after MCAO than that of MCAONS mice (both P<0.05). MCAONS mice had significantly higher number of Bax-positive cells in brain tissue than MCAOG (P<0.05). The mean MDA level was significantly lower (P<0.05) and the GSH-Px activity was significantly higher (P<0.05) in brains of MCAOG mice compared to those of MCAONS mice.Conclusion GSPE administration protects mice from ischemia-reperfusion brain injury through attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis, promoting angiogenesis, and activating antioxidant enzyme GSH-Px. GSPE may represent a new therapeutical direction for the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion brain injury.