术前放化疗对局部晚期中低位直肠癌疗效和预后的影响

目的探讨术前放化疗对局部晚期中低位直肠癌疗效和预后的影响。方法对103例行根治术治疗的局部晚期中低位直肠癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。患者均接受术前放疗,中位剂量40 Gy/4-5周。57例患者放疗的同时给予5-氟尿嘧啶或希罗达化疗2个周期,休息4～6周后手术。59例患者行保肛手术,44例行腹会阴联合切除术。生存率的计算采用Kaplan-Meier法,生存率比较采用Log rank检验,多因素分析采用Cox模型。结果术前放疗和放化疗后总的病理完全缓解率为9.7%,共有27例患者降期,降期率为26.2%。83例治疗前评价难以保肛的低位直肠癌患者中,40例成功完成了保肛术,转化率为48.2%,全组保肛率为57.3%。3年总生存率和无病生存率分别为66.3%和59.5%。单因素分析表明,放化疗后病理反应及术后分期与生存率有关;多因素分析结果显示,生存期仅与术后分期有关。结论术前放疗或放化疗有利于提高局部晚期中低位直肠癌的保肛率,采用保肛术与腹会阴联合切除木的局部控制率和生存率相似。     

Ⅱ/Ⅲ期低位直肠癌术前同步放化疗的疗效观察

目的评价Ⅱ/Ⅲ期(DukesB/C期)低位直肠癌术前同步放化疗的疗效。方法对23例Ⅱ/Ⅲ期低位直肠癌患者放疗 同步口服希罗达,4～6周后行手术治疗。结果放化疗后肿瘤缩小,手术切除率为100.0%,保肛率为73.9%,局部复发率仅为4.4%,吻合口瘘的发生率为4.4%。结论对于Ⅱ/Ⅲ期(DukesB/C期)低位直肠癌患者术前同步放化疗可以提高手术切除率、保肛率,降低局部复发率,并不增加术后吻合口瘘的发生,是1种较好的治疗手段。     

局部晚期低位直肠癌术前不同放疗模式疗效观察

目的：探讨术前不同放疗模式对局部晚期低位直肠癌的治疗意义。方法：40例局部晚期低位直肠癌患者,其中23例采用术前同步放化疗,放疗方式采用盆腔外照射,DT 50戈瑞/25次,化疗方案为卡培他滨750毫克/米2,每日两次口服,间隔12小时,连用5周,照射结束后4周手术。另17例患者采用短程低分割放疗方案,DT 25戈瑞/5次/5天,照射结束后1周左右手术。结果：术前同步放化疗组和术前短程低分割组有效率分别为78.2%和58.8%,保肛率分别为73.9%和44.4%,病理完全消失率分别为13.0%和0,3年生存率分别为73.9%和58.8%,P〈0.05,均有统计学差异。术后吻合口瘘发生率分别为4.3%和4.1%,P〉0.05无统计学差异。结论：局部晚期低位直肠癌术前同步放化疗临床疗效好,生存质量高,为优先选择方案。     

局部晚期低位直肠癌术前不同放疗模式疗效观察

目的:探讨术前不同放疗模式对局部晚期低位直肠癌的治疗意义。方法:40例局部晚期低位直肠癌患者,其中23例采用术前同步放化疗,放疗方式采用盆腔外照射,DT 50戈瑞/25次,化疗方案为卡培他滨750毫克/米2,每日两次口服,间隔12小时,连用5周,照射结束后4周手术。另17例患者采用短程低分割放疗方案,DT 25戈瑞/5次/5天,照射结束后1周左右手术。结果:术前同步放化疗组和术前短程低分割组有效率分别为78.2%和58.8%,保肛率分别为73.9%和44.4%,病理完全消失率分别为13.0%和0,3年生存率分别为73.9%和58.8%,P<0.05,均有统计学差异。术后吻合口瘘发生率分别为4.3%和4.1%,P>0.05无统计学差异。结论:局部晚期低位直肠癌术前同步放化疗临床疗效好,生存质量高,为优先选择方案。     

中低位进展期直肠癌患者全直肠系膜切除术前应用同步新辅助放化疗效果分析

目的：分析中低位进展期直肠癌患者全直肠系膜切除术前同步新辅助放化疗应用疗效。方法选取45例中低位进展期直肠癌患者为研究对象,将其随机分为联合组（23例）与对照组（22例）,对照组患者行单纯全直肠系膜切除术,联合组患者在行全直肠系膜切除术前同步新辅助放化疗,比较联合组新辅助放化疗前后肿瘤分期（TNM）情况,两组患者治疗前后肿瘤标志物水平变化情况及术后3个月保肛率、复发率、转移率、术后并发症发生情况。结果新辅助治疗后联合组TNM分期较治疗前降低,差异具有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）;治疗前两组患者癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖链抗原19-9（CA19-9）、糖链抗原242（CA242）水平差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）,治疗后均降低（P﹤0.05）,且联合组低于对照组（P﹤0.05）;两组患者术后3个月转移率及并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）,联合组保肛率高于对照组,复发率低于对照组（P﹤0.05）。结论采用全直肠系膜切除术前同步新辅助放化疗,可以有效提高中低位进展期直肠癌患者保肛率,降低复发率,改善肿瘤TNM分期,降低CEA、CA19-9、CA242水平,具有良好的应用前景。     

同步放化疗联合手术治疗中低位进展期直肠癌的近远期疗效分析

目的探讨同步放化疗联合手术治疗中低位进展期直肠癌的近远期疗效。方法选取2013年12月至2015年12月新疆医科大学第五附属医院收治的50例中低位进展期直肠癌患者,按照就诊时间顺序分为对照组和观察组,每组25例。对照组仅给予全直肠系膜切除术治疗,观察组在此基础上加用同步放化疗治疗,比较两组患者住院时间、手术时间、治疗前后肿瘤标志物水平、切缘无癌细胞切除率、保肛率、随访1年的局部复发率和转移率。结果观察组患者切缘无癌细胞切除率和保肛率明显升高,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后较治疗前比较,CEA、CA19-9、CA242水平均降低,观察组上述指标降低更加显著,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者随访1年局部复发率和远处转移率均较低,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论同步放化疗联合手术治疗中低位进展期直肠癌的近期疗效显著,远期复发率和转移率较低,具有一定的临床意义。     

局部晚期中低位直肠癌新辅助同步放化疗58例分析

[目的]探讨局部晚期中低位直肠癌新辅助同步放化疗的疗效及其影响因素。[方法]58例局部晚期（T3-4N0-1M0）中低位直肠癌术前接受同步放化疗,放疗剂量50Gy,化疗包括奥沙利铂＋卡培他滨的联合化疗组及不含铂类药物的单药化疗组。共55例患者同步放化疗结束后2～10周内完成根治性手术,依据术后病理结果进行疗效评价。[结果]全组55例患者手术顺利,无严重手术并发症;术后病理示肿瘤完全消退8例（14．5％）,重度消退11例（20．0％）,中度消退20例（36．4％）,轻度及无消退16例（29．1％）;治疗前肿瘤（T）及淋巴结（N）临床分期与放化疗后肿瘤消退程度无关：奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨化疗组肿瘤完全消退与重度消退率为41．2％,不含铂类药物组为23．8％（P〉0．05）;与术前临床分期相比,同步放化疗后原发肿瘤（T）降期率为41．8％,淋巴结（N）降期率为58．8％。[结论]新辅助同步放化疗用于局部晚期中低位直肠癌的术前治疗可使大部分肿瘤获得不同程度消退：有关直肠癌同步放化疗疗效的预测指标以及高效的化疗方案有待进一步深入研究。     

术前同步放化疗联合全直肠系膜切除术治疗中低位局部晚期直肠癌的疗效

目的探讨术前同步放化疗联合全直肠系膜切除术(TME)治疗中低位局部晚期直肠癌的疗效。方法给予75例中低位局部晚期直肠癌患者(T3~4N0M0期或T1~2N1~2M0期)进行新辅助同步放化疗,放化疗结束后行全直肠系膜切除术(TME),观察治疗效果。结果 75例患者均完成术前同步放化疗,其中完全缓解(CR)13例,部分缓解(PR)50例,疾病稳定(SD)12例,84.0%(63/75)的患者临床分期下降。75例患者均接受了手术治疗,总保肛率为66.7%(50/75),无一例发生围手术期死亡,术后并发症发生率为20.0%(15/75)。结论术前同步放化疗联合TME治疗中低位局部晚期直肠癌安全、有效,可以降低肿瘤分期,提高保肛率,提高患者生活质量。     

低位直肠癌术前放疗对保肛的意义

 目的　探讨低位直肠癌行术前放疗对保肛的价值。方法　应用60 CO对 37例低位直肠癌进行全盆腔放疗 ,1月后再手术。结果　低位直肠癌病人行术前放疗后再手术与未放疗而直接行手术组进行对照研究 ,在保肛率 ,生存率和局部复发率均有明显差异 ,P <0 .0 5。结论　对低位直肠癌行术前放疗可以提高其保肛率 ,并且能降低局部复发率和提高患者生活质量。     

局部晚期低位直肠癌术前同步放化疗的疗效观察

目的 探讨术前同步放化疗治疗局部晚期低位直肠癌的安全性和有效性.方法 对临床分期属T3/T4低位直肠癌患者分为A组和B组.A组28例患者,给予术前放疗,同步口服卡培他滨.B组26例患者直接给予手术.结果 A组和B组根治术率分别为82.1％和50.0％ (P ＜0.01),保肛率分别为64.3％和26.9％ (P＜0.0...     

局部晚期直肠癌术前调强放疗同步化疗的疗效评价及预后因素分析

目的:观察并分析术前调强放疗同步化疗治疗局部晚期直肠癌的病理降期情况、临床疗效和预后因素.方法:回顾性分析2010年1月1日至2013年7月31日间接受术前同步放化疗随后行根治性手术的60例初治Ⅱ、Ⅲ期直肠癌患者的临床资料.全部患者接受调强放射治疗,总剂量为50Gy/25次,同期行氟尿嘧啶为基础的化疗,放化疗结束后间隔4~8周行手术治疗.结果:肿瘤病理退缩分级(tumor regression grading,TRG)0级为8例、1级为 12例、2级 为11例、3级为 20例、4级即病理完全缓解(complete responce rate,pCR)为9例,pCR率为15%,病理有效率为86.7%,T分期降期55%,N分期降期51.9%.手术并发症发生率为25.0%.3年总生存率(OS)为88.3%,3年无瘤生存率(DFS)为85.5%,3年局部复发率(LRR)为11.6%,3年远处转移率(DMR)为13.3%,3年无局部复发生存率(LRFS)为88.3%,3年无远处转移生存率(DRFS)为 86.7%.Kaplan-Meier分析及COX回归分析均表明TRG分级对患者总生存期的影响具有统计学意义.结论:局部晚期直肠癌术前调强放疗同期化疗能使肿瘤降期,提高手术切除率和生存率,3年局部控制好.pCR 和接近pCR 患者有更好的生存期.     

Optimal Interval to Surgery After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of a waiting interval of ≥ 8 weeks between the end of preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and surgery on the outcomes of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. We conducted a comprehensive literature review of retrospective and prospective studies from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to investigate the length of the preoperative nCRT–surgery waiting interval and outcomes in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. The primary outcome measure was pathologic complete response (pCR) rate. Secondary outcome measures included overall survival, disease-free survival, operative time, and the incidence of local recurrence, postoperative complications, anastomotic leakage, and sphincter-preserving surgery. Standardized mean differences and risk ratios were calculated. Thirteen studies involving 19,652 patients were included. The meta-analysis demonstrated that pCR was significantly increased in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer and a waiting interval of ≥ 8 weeks between preoperative nCRT and surgery compared to a waiting interval of < 8 weeks, or a waiting interval of > 8 weeks compared to ≤ 8 weeks (risk ratio = 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.35; P < .0001). There were no significant differences in overall survival, disease-free survival, operative time, or incidence of local recurrence, postoperative complications, or sphincter-preserving surgery. This study revealed that performing surgery after a waiting interval of ≥ 8 weeks after the end of preoperative nCRT is safe and efficacious for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, significantly improving pCR without increasing operative time or incidence of postoperative complications, compared to a waiting interval of ≤ 8 weeks.     

Preliminary clinical observation of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for low and locally advanced rectal cancer

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for low and locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods Clinical data of 46 patients with low rectal tumors located within 6 cm from the edge of anal admitted to our hospital between February 2014 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. SIB-IMRT technique was adopted for preoperative radiotherapy. Rectal tumors and positive lymph nodes were irradiated with a dose of 58.75 Gy in 25 fractions (2.35 Gy/fraction), and pelvic lymphatic drainage area was given with 50 Gy in 25 fractions (2.0 Gy/fraction). Oral administration of capecitabine was delivered for concurrent chemotherapy. Radical surgery for rectal cancer was performed at 6 to 12 weeks after the end of chemoradiotherapy. The overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS) were calculated by using Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate analysis was conducted by log-rank test, and multivariate analysis was performed by Cox’s regression model. Results After a median follow-up of 47 months, local recurrence occurred in 3 patients and distant metastasis in 6 patients. The ypCR rate was 26%(12/46), the sphincter-preservation rate was 74%(34/46), the R0 resection rate was 100%(44/44), the overall tumor response TN down staging rate was 87%(40/46), and the postoperative complication rate was 13%(6/46). The 3-year OS, DFS, and PFS were 93%,91% and 87%, respectively. In univariate analysis, ypN staging was an important factor affecting OS, DFS, PFS, LRFS and MFS (all P<0.05). In multivariate analysis, ypN staging was significantly correlated with DFS, PFS, LRFS and MFS (all P<0.05). Conclusions Preoperative SIB-IMRT 58.75 Gy in 25 fractions combined with capecitabine chemotherapy is a safe and efficacious treatment for patients with low and locally advanced rectal cancer, which improves the ypCR rate and quality of life, and yields tolerable adverse reactions. Nevertheless, the long-term survival benefits remain to be validated.     

291例局部进展期直肠癌术前新辅助放化疗的临床意义分析

目的 评价局部进展期直肠癌(LARC)术前新辅助放化疗的疗效及安全性。方法 2003—2012年间291例LARC接受了术前新辅助放化疗+手术±术后辅助化疗。放疗为2DRT、3DRT,45~50 Gy分23~25次。化疗方案包括FOLFOX6、XELOX及单药希罗达等,术前化疗2~4周期。放疗结束后3~8周手术,遵循全直肠系膜切除术原则。134例患者术后接受了辅助化疗。Kaplan-Meier法计算OS、DFS、RFS和DMFS等,Logrank法检验和单因素预后分析,Cox模型多因素预后分析。结果 全组均完成术前新辅助放化疗及手术。R0切除率为98.9%,保肛率为53.6%。T降期73.1%,N降期83.6%,临床分期降期79.4%。pCR率为26.8%,3级血液系统反应为7.9%,3级腹泻为7.2%,3级放射性皮炎为2.7%。术后会阴部疼痛占12.3%,伤口延迟愈合占8.2%。随访率94.5%,5年样本量为95例。5年OS、DFS、RFS和DMFS分别为76.6%、72.1%、88.8%和79.7%,5年LR率为7.5%,远处转移率为15.8%。术后病理分期是预后影响因素。结论 术前新辅助放化疗提高了LARC的R0切除率及保肛率,并使肿瘤显著降期,不良反应较轻且未增加手术并发症,LR率低且远期生存率得到改善。术前新辅助放化疗作为LARC标准治疗策略宜推广应用。     

The efficacy and safety of different radiotherapy doses in neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate efficacy and adverse effects of different radiotherapy (RT) doses in neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.MethodsFifty-nine patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in hospital between January 2015 and May 2017 were enrolled in retrospective analysis. The patients were divided into the 56-Gy group and the 50-Gy group. The concurrent chemotherapy regimen was based on capecitabine. All patients received one cycle of oxaliplatin combined with capecitabine induction chemotherapy. All patients completed neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and received radical surgery.ResultsOf the patients in this study, 29 patients and 30 patients received a radiation dose of 56- and 50-Gy, respectively. All clinical characteristics were matched between the two groups. All patients received surgery 6 to 8 weeks after completing RT. The therapeutical effective rate in the 56-Gy group was 93.10% (27/29), compared with 66.67% in the 50-Gy group (20/30); the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ²=6.36, P=0.01). The pathological complete remission (pCR) rate in the 56-Gy group (37.93%, 11/29) was statistically significantly higher than that in the 50-Gy group (13.33%, 4/30) (χ²=4.71, P=0.030). The anal preservation rate in the 56-Gy group (65.5%, 19/29) was statistically significantly higher than that in the 50-Gy group (33.33%, 10/30) (χ²=6.11, P=0.01). The 56-Gy group had a local recurrence rate of 0% (0/29) and a distant metastasis rate of 10.34% (3/29), while the 50-Gy group had a local recurrence rate of 6.67% (2/30) and a distant metastasis rate of 16.67% (5/30); no significant difference existed between the two groups (χ²=2.00, 0.50, P=0.16, 0.48). The incidence of adverse reactions (gastrointestinal reactions, bone marrow suppression, and perianal skin reactions) in the 56-Gy group was not significantly different from that in the 50-Gy group (P>0.05).ConclusionsIncreasing the radiation dose can significantly improve the anal preservation and pCR rates of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, thus improving their life quality. Moreover, it does not increase the rates of recurrence or adverse reactions. Our findings have certain clinical significance, but further prospective study is needed.     

Stepwise neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in the management of mid-low locally advanced rectal cancer

BackgroundThis study aimed to compare the treatment response, complications and prognosis in mid-low locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients who underwent stepwise neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (SCRT) or traditional neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT).MethodsThe medical records of patients with mid-low rectal cancer who underwent SCRT or CRT were retrospectively analyzed. Differences in the treatment response, pathologic complete response (pCR), R0 resection, local recurrence, anastomotic leakage, presacral infection, anal preservation, defunctioning stoma, treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) between patients who underwent SCRT and CRT were compared.ResultsA total of 430 medical records were investigated, including 194 patients in the SCRT group and 236 patients in the CRT group. There was no significant difference in the rates of treatment response, pCR, R0 resection, local recurrence, anastomotic leakage, presacral infection, anal preservation or TEAEs between the two groups. However, the rate of defunctioning stoma in the SCRT group was significantly lower than that in the CRT group (20.1% vs. 44.1%, respectively, P < 0.01). Moreover, the median OS time of the SCRT and CRT groups was 44.0 and 50.5 months, respectively (P = 0.17). The median DFS time of the SCRT and CRT groups was 41.0 and 46.8 months, respectively (P = 0.32).ConclusionCompared with the CRT group, the SCRT group had a similar treatment response, local control and long-term prognosis, and more importantly, a portion of the patients in the SCRT group were exempted from excessive radiation.     

局部进展期直肠癌术前同步放化疗的疗效观察

目的：观察局部进展期直肠癌患者行术前同步放化疗的疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年10月至2015 年12月间本院收治的20例在术前接受同步放化疗的局部进展期直肠癌患者的临床资料。所有患者接受总剂量为46～50．4 Gy 三维适形放疗,分为23～28次,同时接受卡培他滨或XELOX 方案或FOLFOX 方案化疗2个周期,再行手术。评估术前放化疗患者的手术切除率、保肛率、病理降级率和缓解率、局部复发率、放化疗毒副作用、术后并发症发生情况。结果所有患者的总病理降级率为80％（16／20）,其中直肠中分化腺癌、术前临床T 分期（cT）、术前临床 N 分期（cN）的病理降级率分别为73．3％（11／15）、80％（16／20）、82．3％（14／17）,术后病理完全缓解（pCR）率为20％（4／20）。手术距术前放疗结束时间隔32～112天,中位间隔49天（7周）。所有患者均达到 R0切除,其中 Mile's 术12例, Dixon 术7例,直肠前切除术1 例;保肛率为40％（8／20） ,其中肿瘤下界距肛门＞5 cm 的患者保肛率为100％（4／4）;肿瘤下界距肛门≤5 cm 的患者行超低位保肛率为25％（4／16）。中位随访34个月,所有患者未见局部复发,远处转移率为30％（6／20）,其中肺转移4例,肝转移2例;4例死亡,2例带瘤生存。3例病理完全缓解（pCR）的患者术后均未接受辅助化疗,随访5年无复发和远处转移。术前放化疗后骨髓造血功能抑制（1～2级）达90％（18／20）。术后并发症中肠粘连35％（7／20）、伤口延迟愈合10％（2／20）、小肠梗阻5％（1／20）、肠瘘5％（1／20）。结论局部进展期直肠癌术前同步放化疗能使病理降期,提高肿瘤根治率和保肛率,降低局部复发率,并不增加近期毒副反应和手术并发症,在临床上切实可行,值得推广。     

中低位直肠癌新辅助放化疗的获益研究(附60例)

目的:探讨新辅助放化疗对中低位局部晚期直肠癌的保肛率、肿瘤局部复发率、远处转移率、无病生存期(DFS)与总生存期(OS)的影响。方法:总结2013年1月至2018年4月在我院住院的中低位局部晚期直肠癌患者60例,随机分为治疗组(新辅助放化疗后再手术)与对照组(手术后再辅助放化疗)各30例,对肿瘤下缘至肛门的距离<4 cm、4~6 cm、>6 cm进行分层,每个层别分别为10、30、20例,比较两组的保肛率、肿瘤局部复发率、远处转移率、DFS与OS。结果:肿瘤下缘距离肛门4~6 cm的患者治疗组的保肛率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),肿瘤下缘至肛门的距离<4 cm、>6 cm的患者治疗组与对照组的保肛率无统计学差异,治疗组与对照组的肿瘤局部复发率、远处转移率、DFS、OS与毒副反应比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:新辅助放化疗可能会给肿瘤下缘至肛门距离4~6 cm的局部晚期直肠癌患者带来保肛率上的获益,进而提高患者的生存质量,扩大病例数将进一步证实其可行性。     

Intensified concurrent chemoradiotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan as neoadjuvant treatment in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy intensified with irinotecan in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Eligible patients had nonmetastatic disease at a locally advanced stage that made R0 resection and sphincter preservation uncertain. They received preoperative radiation over 6 weeks to 45 Gy and boost of 5.4 Gy and concurrent continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil 250 mg m(-2) day(-1) and weekly irinotecan 40 mg m(-2). In all, 37 patients entered the study. T stage at baseline as determined by ultrasound was T2/T3/T4 in 2/19/16 patients; 31 patients had lymph node involvement. The predominant toxicity was diarrhoea (grade 3/4 in 10/2 patients). Haematologic toxicity and surgical complications were moderate. Among 36 patients undergoing surgery, 32 (89%) had R0 resection and 23 (64%) sphincter preservation. Pathologic complete response (pCR) was achieved in eight (22%) of 36 patients, and 10 patients (28%) had only microscopic residual disease. At 4 years, overall survival was 66%, disease-free survival 73%, local relapse rate 7%, and distant failure rate 24%. Extent of resection and postoperative nodal status were significant predictors of overall and disease-free survival. Intensified neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with irinotecan can be safely administered and results in a high pCR rate.