胎肝天然低分子抑瘤物对肿瘤细胞增殖和分化的影响

目的：观察胎肝天然低分子抑瘤物（LMW－NTS）对不同组织来源的肿瘤细胞增殖和分化的作用。方法：采用MTT比色法和^3H－TdR掺入技术,测定培养中的肿瘤细胞DNA合成和线粒体琥珀酸脱酶活力,间接反映肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制和诱导分化情况。结果：LMW－NTS对受试的4种肿瘤细胞都有生长抑制作用,但作用强度有所不同,对来源于造血系统的肿瘤细胞作用最为显著。不同浓度的LMW－NTS对肿瘤细胞线粒体琥酸脱氢酶活力的影响不同,低浓度时表现为促进作用,而高浓度时表现为轻度抑制作用。结论：胎肝低分子抑瘤物能够抑制不同各类的肿瘤细胞的增殖,并诱导其分化。     

胎肝细胞因子的分离提取及其抗肿瘤生物效应的实验研究

目的从胎肝细胞裂解液或上清液中分离提取中分子量的细胞因子和低分子量的细胞因子,并观察其对H7402肝癌细胞增殖和分化的影响.方法从胎牛肝细胞分离细胞因子,采用3H-TddR掺入法和MTT比色法.结果将胎肝细胞因子分成分子量小于10KD的低分子细胞因子和分子量为10～100KD的中分子细胞因子.前者对H7402肝癌细胞的生长、脱氢酶活力以及DNA合成均有明显的抑制作用,半数抑制浓度(IC50)为136mg/L,而后者的作用则相反.结论低分子胎肝细胞因子具有抑制肿瘤细胞生长的作用,而中分子因子则是促生长和分化作用.     

胎儿肝脏中低分子抑瘤物对肿瘤细胞体外作用的初步研究

胎儿肝脏中低分子抑瘤物对肿瘤细胞体外作用的初步研究白海，吴祖泽兰州军区总医院（兰州７３００５０）我们以往工作表明，在人胎肝中存在着一类低分子抑瘤物［１，２］。作者应用细胞生物学方法对其作了进一步研究。材料与方法（一）人肿瘤细胞系：人肝癌细胞株用第二军...     

体内诱导的抑癌因子对人胃癌细胞及乳癌细胞增殖的抑制作用

体内诱导的抑癌因子是从经诱导的动物脾脏中提取的活性物质,我们曾证实抑癌因子是分子量小于10000道尔顿的小分子物质,具有一定的诱导肿瘤细胞分化、凋亡,调动机体自身免疫力的功能,可能还具有调节肿瘤细胞的某些代谢活动的功能.为了探讨肿瘤细胞的某些代谢活动的功能.为了探讨抑癌因子对人胃癌细胞MGC803及人乳癌细胞MDA231增殖的抑制作用与计量和作用时间的关系,研究中采用不同浓度的抑癌因子,在不同的作用时间条件下观察了抑癌因子对MGC803和MDA231二细胞株增殖的抑制作用.     

胎肝细胞因子的分离提取及其抗肿瘤生物效应的实验研究

目的：从胎肝细胞裂解液或上清液中分离提取中分子量的细胞因子和低分子量的细胞因子，并观察其对H7402肝癌细胞增殖和分化的影响。方法：从胎牛肝细胞分离细胞因子，采用^3H-TdR掺入法和MTT比色法。结果：将胎肝细胞因子分成分子量小于10KD的低分子细胞因子和分子量为10－100KD的中分子细胞因子。前者对H7402肝癌细胞的生长，脱氢酶活力以及DNA合成均有明显的抑制作用，半数抑制浓度（IC50）为136mg/L，而后者的作用则相反。结论：低分子胎肝细胞因子具有抑制肿瘤细胞生长的作用，而中分子因子则是促生长和分化作用。     

三羟异黄酮对黑色素瘤B16细胞的诱导分化作用

背景与目的评价三羟异黄酮对黑色素瘤B_(16)细胞的诱导分化作用。材料与方法以4',5,7三羟异黄酮处理黑色素瘤B_(16)细胞1~4d后,以生长曲线反映其增殖活力,以B_(16)细胞形态、黑色素含量、及流式细胞仪检测细胞周期变化等观察三羟异黄酮对黑色素瘤B16细胞的诱导分化作用。结果用10、30、90μmol/L的三羟异黄酮作用肿瘤细胞,有不同程度的抑瘤作用。表现为黑色素生成能力增加,细胞生长缓慢。可使B16细胞阻断在S期。结论三羟异黄酮不同剂量(10、30、90μmol/L)对B_(16)细胞均有明显的分化诱导作用,对体外黑色素瘤增殖有明显的抑制作用。     

苯乙酸钠对小鼠B16黑色素瘤细胞的分化诱导作用

目的　评价苯乙酸钠对黑色素瘤 B1 6 的抑瘤作用。方法　以 MTT法测定细胞增殖的抑制率。B1 6 胞形态 ,黑色素含量 ,细胞周期变化及体内致瘤能力的测定作为观察指标。结果　用 7.5 m M～ 17.5 m M的苯乙酸钠作用于肿瘤细胞 ,见有不同程度的抑瘤作用 P<0 .0 1。 MTT法测得IC5 0 为 2 .6 7～ 3.6 3m M。在 7.5～ 17.5 m M浓度下 ,对 B1 6 细胞都有较强的分化诱导作用 ,表现为黑色素颗粒生成能力明显增多 ,生长缓慢。细胞动力学研究表明 ,苯乙酸钠可使 B1 6 细胞阻断在 G1 期因而 S期明显减少 ,体内致瘤表明成瘤能力明显降低。结论　苯乙酸钠对 B1 6 细胞有强力分化诱导作用 ,而对体内外黑色素瘤增殖有明显抑制。     

参桃软肝丸抗肿瘤实验及其诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的研究

 目的　探讨参桃软肝丸对肝癌的抑制作用及诱导细胞凋亡作用。方法　分别将参桃软肝丸以30 g/kg、2 0 g/kg和 10 g/kg、FT 2 0 70 .2 g/kg、生理盐水 0 .2ml/10 g ,对腹水型肝癌小鼠灌胃给药。 结果　各实验组与生理盐水对照组相比较有明显抑瘤作用 ,有诱导肝癌细胞凋亡。结论　参桃软肝丸可能是通过抑制瘤细胞增殖及诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡 ,从而达到抗肿瘤作用。     

糖酵解与肿瘤

肿瘤细胞主要通过糖酵解获取能量促进其生长,这与线粒体DNA变异和抑癌基因突变有关。抑制糖酵解具有抑制增殖和杀伤肿瘤细胞的作用。糖酵解限速酶和低氧诱导因子有望成为治疗肿瘤的新靶点。     

糖酵解与肿瘤

肿瘤细胞主要通过糖酵解获取能量促进其生长,这与线粒体DNA变异和抑癌基因突变有关。抑制糖酵解具有抑制增殖和杀伤肿瘤细胞的作用。糖酵解限速酶和低氧诱导因子有望成为治疗肿瘤的新靶点。     

Circadian-rhythm of tumor growth in non-vascularized tumor

Circadian-Rhythms of tumor growth rates of Walker-256 implanted in the dorsum side of hind paw of Wistar rats (Male 5-6 weeks age) were observed. Tumor size was measured at 7 A.M. and 7 P.M. The tumor growth rate was determined by the following method. Rday = T (P.M.)/T (A.M.). Rnight = T (A.M.)/T (previous P.M.). Rday and Rnight: Tumor growth rate during day and night, respectively. T: Tumor size. The tumor growth rate, for those less than 750 mm3 in size and in which tumor vessels did not form yet, was 0.10 +/- 0.5 on Rday, 0.29 +/- 0.12 on Rnight (p less than 0.05). Tumors of more than 1,500 mm3 forming tumor vessels did not show a significant difference in the degree of the tumor growth rate (Rday: 0.14 +/- 0.07; Rnight: 0.212 +/- 0.05) (p greater than 0.05). Tumors in which vessels were injured and showed microvascular disturbance due to MMC (A. i) or thermochemotherapy using warmed physiological saline injected into tumor vessels after chemotherapy, were damaged on Rday and enhanced on Rnight for 3-7 days after these kinds of treatment. The tumor in unformed tumor vessels or damaged types showed, rapid size increase at night. Therefore, the Circadian-Rhythm tumor vessels in microtumor or damaged tumor may be treated with antimetabolic agents such as 5-FU at night for inhibition of microtumor or micrometastatic tumor.     

肿瘤抗原在肿瘤研究中的应用

近年来随着肿瘤抗原筛选鉴定方法的多样化,已鉴定出了大量的肿瘤抗原,抗原的分类越来越全面,肿瘤抗原的基础性研究已经深入到其他学科,肿瘤抗原的检测诊断则在临床上应用越来越广泛,而针对不同抗原的免疫治疗也更加具体可行.     

肿瘤血管生成调节与肿瘤治疗

肿瘤血管生成是一个非常复杂的过程，涉及到多种因子的调节。针对肿瘤血管生成的治疗对策在目前肿瘤治疗中具有十分重要的意义。本文就影响肿瘤血管生成的各种调节因子、抗血管生成的主要治疗靶标及研发现状作一综述，为肿瘤治疗的抗血管生成新靶标的设计研究提供信息。     

The inhibition of tumor growth by tumor mass

Evidence suggests that a tumor behaves, in its pattern of growth, like an integrated organ rather than a collection of independently growing cells. Tumor growth tends to slow progressively as size increases and to undergo compensatory growth after partial resection. Consequently, therapies that reduce tumor mass may tend to accelerate the growth of the remaining tumor and tumor metastases. An approach to therapy based upon a simulated increase in tumor mass may be worthy of consideration.     

伴性索分化的低度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤1例并文献复习

目的:探讨伴性索分化的低度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤的临床病理特征、生物学行为及预后。方法:对1例伴性索分化的低度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤的临床、病理和免疫学表型进行观察、分析及文献复习。结果:结合组织学特点及免疫组化结果,诊断为伴性索分化的低度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤。结论:伴性索分化的低度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤是一种极其少见的现象。其诊断依赖于组织病理学、免疫组化,并须结合其临床资料。     

Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary: tumor review

Granulosa cell tumors of the ovary are rare neoplasms that originate from sex-cord stromal cells. The long natural history of granulosa cell tumors and their tendency to recur years after the initial diagnosis are the most prominent of their characteristics. The secretion of estradiol is the reason for signs at presentation such as vaginal bleeding and precocious puberty. Abdominal pain and hemoperitoneum, which occasionally can occur, are attributable to tumor rupture. The most common finding in pelvic examination is a tumor mass, which is subsequently confirmed with imaging techniques. Surgery is the mainstay of initial management for histological diagnosis, appropriate staging, and debulking. A more conservative unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is indicated in patients with stage I disease and patients of reproductive age. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the appropriate surgical treatment for postmenopausal women and those with more advanced disease. The stage of disease is the most important prognostic factor associated with the risk of relapse. There are no clear conclusions regarding the role of postoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy in stage I disease and in those with completely resected tumor. The use of adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy has sometimes been associated with prolonged disease-free survival and possibly overall survival. Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for patients with advanced, recurrent, or metastatic disease, and BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin) is the preferred regimen. Although the overall rate of response to treatment is high, the impact of treatment on disease-free or overall survival is unknown. Prolonged surveillance is mandatory because tumors tend to recur years after the initial diagnosis.     

肿瘤免疫抑制微环境对肿瘤免疫治疗作用的研究进展

肿瘤免疫抑制微环境是肿瘤微环境中起抑制免疫功能的部分。其组成包括抑制性细胞和抑制性细胞因子。近年来,因其在肿瘤免疫中的重要作用,CAR－T和PD－1／PD－L1信号通路已成为免疫治疗的研究热点,它们可通过不同的机制产生免疫抑制作用,从而促进肿瘤进展。因此,针对以上机制采取更有效的抗肿瘤疗法有可能减缓肿瘤进展。本文现就免疫抑制微环境对CAR－T疗法和PD－1／PD－L1信号通路在抗肿瘤过程中的作用进行综述。     

Detection of circulating tumor cells and of tumor DNA in plasma during tumor progression in rats

The role and clinical significance of circulating tumor cells and of tumor DNA in the plasma have not yet been clarified. In the present study, we compared rates of detection of tumor-derived DNA in the buffy coat to those in plasma from tumor-bearing rats, and we attempted to correlate these rates with the progression of tumors. We injected DHD/K12-PROb cancer cells subcutaneously into BD-IX rats and divided the animals into six groups according to the time between the injection of tumor cells and euthanasia. After euthanasia, macroscopic metastases were assessed and samples of blood and lung were collected. We used mutant allele-specific amplification by PCR to detect tumor-derived DNA. We detected tumor DNA in lung samples from the first week after inoculation, in plasma from the third week and in the buffy coat from the fifth week. All animals analyzed on the 11th week had macro- or micrometastases in their lungs. Regardless of group, the rate of PCR-positive plasma samples was significantly higher than that of circulating tumor cells (P=0.005). In animals with metastases, this difference was also statistically significant (P=0.008). However, neither the detection of tumor DNA in the plasma nor the presence of circulating tumor cells was strongly correlated with the presence of metastases. Thus, cell-free tumor DNA was detected sooner and more frequently than circulating tumor cells and the dissemination of tumor DNA in the plasma seems to be much more common than detectable hematogenic tumor cells during the spread of colorectal cancer.     

Adenocarcinoid tumor of appendix presenting as unilateral Krukenberg tumor

We report a case of adenocarcinoid tumor of the appendix that presented initially as a unilateral Krukenberg tumor (a signet ring cell mucinous adenocarcinoma with prominent cellular stroma). The primary tumor in the appendix was discovered 10 months later at the time of a "second look" laparotomy. The ovarian metastasis showed both goblet cell elements and tubular formations with numerous argyrophilic cells, indicating that both components of these tumors may metastasize, a finding at variance with the conclusions of some authors who suggest that only the mucinous component may metastasize. Theories of histogenesis of these tumors are discussed, and 12 previously reported cases presenting as Krukenberg tumors (all bilateral) are reviewed. Because the primary tumor in the appendix may be small and easily missed, appendectomy is recommended in all patients with Krukenberg tumors when another primary site cannot be identified at the time of surgery.     

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的极化与肿瘤的发展

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）在肿瘤微环境中扮演重要角色,它包含了两种可以相互极化的亚型:M1型(经典活化巨噬细胞)和M2型（替代活化巨噬细胞）。M1型TAM发挥着抑制肿瘤生长的作用,而M2型TAM对肿瘤的发生发展起促进支持作用。在特定的肿瘤微环境中,M2型TAM占据主导地位,促进肿瘤的发展。基于肿瘤相关巨噬细胞两种亚型的功能特点,如何诱导M2型向M1型极化是目前的研究热点,也将是肿瘤治疗的一个重要靶点。