腹腔神经丛阻滞术治疗上腹部顽固性癌性疼痛

目的 评价腹腔神经丛阻滞术治疗上腹部顽固性癌性疼痛的止痛效果。方法 105例晚期癌症患者，67例伴有后腹膜淋巴结广泛肿大并包绕神经、血管，均有顽固性上腹痛，经CT导引穿人隔脚前及后腹膜肿大淋巴结内行两侧腹腔神经丛无水乙醇阻滞术。结果 经4个月随访观察，在2周、1个月、2个月、3个月、4个月，止痛总有效率分别为100％、98．09％、97．05％、93．81％、90．42％。在止痛效果显著者，可观察到无水乙醇扩散较完全，能从两侧包绕腹主动脉，肿大的淋巴结有明显坏死。本组无严重并发症。结论 CT导引下腹腔神经丛阻滞术治疗上腹部顽固性癌性疼痛是一种安全、有效的方法，应推广应用。     

CT引导下无水乙醇阻滞双侧腹腔神经丛治疗腹部癌性疼痛的评价

目的探讨CT引导下腹腔神经丛无水乙醇阻滞治疗腹部癌性疼痛的价值。方法对无法切除和无法有效止痛的12例晚期上腹部癌症病例，CT引导下以无水酒精10-15毫升实施双侧腹腔神经丛阻滞。评价其止痛效果、不良反应、生存质量等。结果疼痛完全缓解7例，部分缓解3例，患者仅口服或肌注曲马多即能止痛．有效率83.3％；6例完全或部分缓解持续3个月，1例持续4．3个月。全部病例精神状态、饮食和睡眠明显好转。结论CT引导下腹腔神经丛无水乙醇阻滞可较有效地解除上腹部顽固性的癌性疼痛。     

CRRT加复合抗惊厥治疗重度毒鼠强中毒患者的护理

对36例晚期胰腺癌患者采取肿瘤组织间植入^125Ⅰ粒子联合腹腔神经丛阻滞术。结果术后13例顽固性疼痛症状完全缓解，23例不同程度减轻Karnofsky评分由术前平均61．1分提高至82．2分；术后3个月复查，总缓解率为69.4％；术后3、6、12个月生存率分别为97.2％、77．8％和61．1％。提示^125Ⅰ粒子植入联合腹腔神经丛阻滞治疗晚期胰腺癌，近期疗效确切；术前加强心理护理，完善术前准备，术中注意安全防护，术后密切观察病情变化，对患者进行细致、全面的护理是手术成功的重要保证。     

CT引导下腹腔神经丛阻滞术治疗胰腺癌痛的临床研究

胰腺癌是一种较常见的消化道恶性肿瘤,居十大常见肿瘤的第10位。其早期症状不典型,待明确诊断时往往已是肿瘤晚期,剧烈腹痛是晚期胰腺癌的突出症状之,严重影响病人的生活和睡眠质量。腹腔神经丛阻滞术是治疗胰腺癌顽固性疼痛的有效方法。我院自2006年1月以来对48例晚期胰腺癌顽固性癌痛病人进行腹腔神经丛阻滞治疗．取得了较好疗效,现总结如下。     

125I粒子植入联合腹腔神经丛阻滞治疗晚期胰腺癌的护理

对36例晚期胰腺癌患者采取肿瘤组织间植入125I粒子联合腹腔神经丛阻滞术.结果术后13例顽固性疼痛症状完全缓解,23例不同程度减轻;Karnofsky评分由术前平均61.1分提高至82.2分;术后3个月复查,总缓解率为69.4%;术后3、6、12个月生存率分别为97.2%、77.8%和61.1%.提示125I粒子植入联合腹腔神经丛阻滞治疗晚期胰腺癌,近期疗效确切;术前加强心理护理,完善术前准备,术中注意安全防护,术后密切观察病情变化,对患者进行细致、全面的护理是手术成功的重要保证.     

术中腹腔神经丛阻滞术对不能切除的胰腺癌疼痛减轻及生活质量的影响

目的对不能切除的胰腺癌行姑息手术的同时行无水酒精腹腔神经丛阻滞术,观察其镇痛效果、并发症及对生活质量的影响。方法选取122例肿块不能切除、伴消化道梗阻、腹部和/或腰背部癌性疼痛的胰腺癌患者,其中姑息手术加腹腔神经丛阻滞术80例患者归为A组,仅行姑息手术42例患者归为B组,比较两组术后疼痛缓解情况、临床受益反应及术后不良反应。结果A与B组术后2周疼痛完全缓解率分别为52.5%和11.9%,总有效率分别为96%和47.6%;半年疼痛完全缓解率分别为20.7%和0%,总有效率分别为68.9%和11.1%;两者在术后各时间点(2周、1个月、3个月、6个月)之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组治疗前后KPS评分比较差异有统计学意义(t=6.864,P<0.05),两组治疗前后KPS评分差值比较亦有统计学意义(t=5.326,P<0.05)。术后两组无严重并发症和手术死亡。结论经腹行腹腔神经丛阻滞术具有直视下定位准确、疼痛缓解满意、安全程度高等优点,能有效改善患者的生活质量。     

腹腔神经丛联合上腹下神经丛阻滞对顽固性腹部和（或）盆腔癌痛的作用

目的：评价腹腔神经丛联合上腹下神经丛阻滞对晚期腹部和（或）盆腔恶性肿瘤并发顽固性腹部和（或）盆腔内脏痛患者的镇痛效果。方法：对45例患者,在CT引导下后路经椎间盘旁法穿刺,用90%乙醇作为毁损剂,同时行腹腔丛和上腹下神经丛毁损术。观察毁损前和毁损后24h、1周、1个月和3个月各时段的疼痛VAS评分、吗啡控释片日用量和生活质量（QOL）评分、并发症和副作用。结果：与毁损前比较,毁损后各时段VAS评分和吗啡控释片日用量均明显降低（P〈0.05）,有13例镇痛效果满意直至去世;与术前比较,毁损后24h、1周、1个月QOL评分明显升高（P〈0.05）,第3个月时QOL评分无明显差异（P〉0.05）,未发生严重并发症和副作用。结论：在CT引导下以90%乙醇行腹腔丛联合上腹下神经丛毁损术可有效减轻晚期腹、盆腔癌症患者疼痛,减少吗啡日用量,从而提高患者的生活质量。     

超声介入腹腔神经节毁损治疗胰腺癌疼痛

目的探讨超声介导腹腔神经节毁损对胰腺癌疼痛患者的治疗作用。方法97例胰腺癌疼痛患者采用B超引导经皮穿刺。于腹腔动脉干根部旁侧注入无水乙醇15ml。实施腹腔神经节化学性毁损。对比观察治疗前后疼痛的视觉模拟评分（VAS）、血清SP和13-EP以及T细胞亚群水平变化。结果97例中仅1例穿刺失败，成功率99．0％，无严重并发症；VAS、血清SP和β-EP与术前比较差异有显著性（P〈0．01。P〈0．05，P〈0．01）；疼痛完全缓解率54．2％，部分缓解率21．9％，轻度缓解率11．4％，无效12．5％，疼痛复发率仅10．7％，生存质量明显提高；与疼痛治疗前相比，胰腺癌疼痛患者的淋巴细胞T亚群水平显著上升（P〈0．01）。结论本微创技术具有很高的安全性。能显著减轻胰腺癌性疼痛并提高细胞免疫水平。     

腹腔神经丛阻滞治疗胰腺癌肿瘤疼痛23例

腹腔神经丛阻滞治疗胰腺癌肿瘤疼痛２３例邹武＊毕敏＊本文报告腹腔神经丛化学性破坏阻滞治疗胰腺癌肿瘤疼痛的方法和结果。资料与方法２３例胰腺癌肿，１５例已接受手术治疗。行腹腔神经丛阻滞前均有顽固性疼痛，吗啡类药物止痛效果不佳。治疗前建立静脉通道，患者取右侧...     

B超引导下经皮胰周神经丛注射无水乙醇与利多卡因对胰腺癌止痛的观察——附56例报告

顽固性疼痛是胰腺癌的主要症状之一，影响着患者的生存质量及生存时间。我们于1997年3月至2002年3月，采取在B超引导下，经皮胰周神经丛周围注射无水乙醇治疗胰腺癌疼痛，效果满意，现报告如下：     

The treatment of severe pancreatic pain.

The management of four patients with severe pancreatic pain is discussed. Bilateral coeliac plexus block with alcohol gave effective pain relief to the three patients with pancreatic carcinoma and the one patient with acute pancreatitis. The treatment of the pain of acute and chronic pancreatitis is reviewed.     

Neurohistopathologic findings after a neurolytic celiac plexus block with alcohol in patients with pancreatic cancer pain

Pancreatic cancer has a very poor prognosis resulting in the death of 98% of patients. Pain may be severe and difficult to treat. Management of pain includes chemotherapy, radiotherapy, pharmacologic treatment, and neurolytic celiac plexus block. Recent reviews of the efficacy of neurolytic celiac plexus block however, have reached conflicting conclusions. In this paper, we present two patients with severe pancreatic cancer pain resistant to pharmacologic treatment. Analgesic effect following repeated neurolytic celiac plexus blocks with alcohol was limited in time. Post-mortem neurohistopathologic examination of the celiac plexus revealed an abnormal celiac architecture with a combination of abnormal neurons with vacuolization and normal looking neuronal structures (ganglionic structures and nerve fibers) embedded in fibrotic hyalinized tissue. Our results show that a neurolytic celiac plexus block with alcohol is capable of partially destroying the celiac plexus. These findings may explain the significant but short-lasting analgesic effect following neurolytic celiac plexus block with alcohol.     

Nerve block in pancreatic pain

Pain from pancreatic cancer is, in most cases, both severe and debilitating. Large doses of morphine are sometimes not tolerated or accepted by the patient, and are often ineffective. It has been claimed that "coeliac plexus block is the simplest, most effective and least hazardous" means of palliation (49, 59); we think that this is true, and that coeliac plexus block should be considered more often than it is today, and at an earlier stage. Only in rare cases should pain from pancreatitis be treated with a nerve block.     

A comparison of intraoperative celiac plexus block with pharmacological therapy as a treatment for pain of unresectable pancreatic cancer

Background/Purpose: The efficacy of intraoperative celiac plexus block was compared with that of pharmacological therapy in the treatment of pain caused by unresectable pancreatic cancer. Methods: Twenty-one patients were included in the study: 15 patients underwent intraoperative celiac plexus block (group 1) and 6 received pharmacological therapy (group 2). The effectiveness at 1 week after treatment and from treatment to death was evaluated at follow-up by looking at mean analgesic consumption, mortality and morbidity, and any postoperative complications. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired t-tests. Results: One week after the operation, the analgesic consumption of 14 patients in group 1 was the same as that before treatment, and 1 patient's consumption had decreased. Pain in 4 patients in group 2 did not change, but in 2 patients it increased. Mean opioid consumption was significantly lower in group 1. Complications related to the block were transient diarrhea and hypotension (P not significant between groups). There was no operative mortality or major complication related to the block. The incidence of adverse drug-related effects, such as constipation, nausea, and vomiting, was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2. Conclusions: Intraoperative celiac plexus block made pain control possible with reduced opioid consumption, representing an effective, safe, and simple tool for the treatment of pain caused by unresectable pancreatic cancer. Received: November 16, 2001 / accepted: February 28, 2002     

联合血管切除重建的胰腺癌根治术对胰腺癌患者并发症发生率及生存质量的影响

目的评价联合血管切除重建的胰腺癌根治术对胰腺癌患者并发症发生率及生存质量的影响。 方法回顾性分析2015年5月至2018年5月接受胰腺癌根治术的145例胰腺癌患者临床资料，依据术中是否应用血管切除重建分为A组(无血管切除，n＝77)、B组(静脉切除，n＝58)、C组(动脉切除，n＝10)三组。采用SPSS 24.0软件进行数据处理，手术相关指标、生存质量评分以( ±s)表示，组间比较通过t检验，多组间比较通过单因素方差分析；并发症发生率采用χ²检验，P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果C组手术时间、术中出血量、输血率及并发症发生率>B组>A组(P<0.05)；三组术后6个月健康状况调查简表(SF－36)、Karnofsly体力状况评分标准(KPS)评分均比术前升高(P<0.05)，三组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；三组术中均无死亡病例，A组、B组及C组中位生存时间分别为(16.2±1.5)个月、(15.3±1.2)个月、(14.2±1.9)个月，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论针对侵犯肠系膜上动脉、肠系膜上静脉及门静脉等血管的胰腺癌患者，若符合手术指征可在术中联合血管切除重建，虽会增加出血量及并发症，但可获得与无血管侵犯患者相近的预后。     

Combined neurolytic block of celiac, inferior mesenteric, and superior hypogastric plexuses for incapacitating abdominal and/or pelvic cancer pain

Thirty-five patients with extensive abdominal or pelvic cancer who suffered uncontrolled, diffuse, extensive, and incapacitating pain were treated with a combination of neurolytic celiac plexus block (CPB), inferior mesenteric plexus block (IMPB), and superior hypogastric plexus block (SHGPB). The combination of neurolytic CPB, IMPB, and SHGPB was performed with alcohol, mainly using a transintervetebral disc approach. The combination neurolysis produced effective immediate pain relief in all the patients (visual analog scale (VAS), reduced from 8.8 ± 0.2 to 0). This pain relief persisted during the first 3 months (VAS, 2.3 ± 0.5) or until death. Morphine consumption was significantly decreased for the first 1 month (from 96 ± 29 mg to 31 ± 10 mg per day) after the neurolysis and thereafter continued to be lower than before the surgery, though not significantly so. No serious complications were observed to have been caused by the neurolytic procedure on the three sympathetic plexuses. Our preliminary clinical results suggest that the combination of neurolytic CPB, IMPB, and SHGPB improves the quality of life of patients who have incapacitating cancer pain, by reducing both the intensity of the pain and their opioid consumption, without serious complications. This combination procedure may provide a new therapeutic option for pain relief in patients with advanced cancer.     

Duodenum- and spleen-preserving total pancreatectomy for end-stage chronic pancreatitis

BACKGROUND: Total pancreatectomy may be warranted in patients with advanced chronic pancreatitis in whom partial resection has failed and in those with end-stage pancreatic function. A new operation, duodenum- and spleen-preserving total pancreatectomy, is described. METHODS: Nineteen consecutive patients with chronic pancreatitis who had duodenum- and spleen-preserving total pancreatectomy were studied. RESULTS: There were 15 men and four women with a median age of 40 (range 29-64) years. The aetiology was alcohol misuse in nine, hereditary pancreatitis in five and idiopathic in five patients. All patients had chronic intractable abdominal pain. Six had undergone pancreatic surgery previously and one had had multiple coeliac plexus blocks. There were ten postoperative complications in five patients, and one hospital death. The median hospital stay was 25 (range 10-84) days. There was a reduction in pain (P < 0.001) and analgesic use (P < 0.001) after surgery, and weight gain was noted at 12 and 24 months (P < 0.001). Nine patients required readmission to hospital, four because of surgical complications: adhesional obstruction in one, biliary stricture in two and duodenal obstruction in one. In the other five patients (four of whom had long-standing pre-existing diabetes mellitus) readmission was for better control of pain (three patients), diabetes mellitus (two), and diabetes-associated diarrhoea (two) or gastropathy (one). CONCLUSION: Duodenum- and spleen-preserving total pancreatectomy has a role in selected patients with medically intractable pain from chronic pancreatitis.     

Efficacy of Neurolytic Celiac Plexus Block in Varying Locations of Pancreatic Cancer: Influence on Pain Relief

Background: Neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB) is an effective way of treating severe pain in some patients with pancreatic malignancy. However, there are no studies to date that evaluate the effectiveness of NCPB related to the site of primary pancreas cancer. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of NCPB in pancreatic cancer pain, depending on the location of the pancreatic tumor.

Methods: The prospective study was conducted in 50 consecutive patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. The patients were categorized into two different groups depending on tumor localization: group 1: patients with the cancer of the head of the pancreas and group 2: patients with the cancer of the body and tail of the pancreas. The qualitative and quantitative pain analyses were performed before and after NCPB. The patients underwent prognostic celiac plexus block with bupivacaine, followed by neurolysis during fluoroscopic control within the next 24 h.

Results: After NCPB, 37 patients (74%) had effective pain relief during the first 3 months or until death. Of the 37 patients who had effective pain relief, 33 (92%) were from group 1 and 4 (29%) were from group 2. In the remaining 13 patients (3 patients from group 1 and 10 patients from group 2), pain relief after NCPB was not satisfactory. Those patients were scheduled for repeated retrocrural neurolysis during computed tomography control. Computed tomography showed massive growth of the tumor around the celiac axis with metastases. After repeated neurolysis, pain relief clinically still was not satisfactory, necessitating additional opioid treatment.     

Efficacy of neurolytic celiac plexus block in varying locations of pancreatic cancer: influence on pain relief

BACKGROUND: Neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB) is an effective way of treating severe pain in some patients with pancreatic malignancy. However, there are no studies to date that evaluate the effectiveness of NCPB related to the site of primary pancreas cancer. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of NCPB in pancreatic cancer pain, depending on the location of the pancreatic tumor. METHODS: The prospective study was conducted in 50 consecutive patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. The patients were categorized into two different groups depending on tumor localization: group 1: patients with the cancer of the head of the pancreas and group 2: patients with the cancer of the body and tail of the pancreas. The qualitative and quantitative pain analyses were performed before and after NCPB. The patients underwent prognostic celiac plexus block with bupivacaine, followed by neurolysis during fluoroscopic control within the next 24 h. RESULTS: After NCPB, 37 patients (74%) had effective pain relief during the first 3 months or until death. Of the 37 patients who had effective pain relief, 33 (92%) were from group 1 and 4 (29%) were from group 2. In the remaining 13 patients (3 patients from group 1 and 10 patients from group 2), pain relief after NCPB was not satisfactory. Those patients were scheduled for repeated retrocrural neurolysis during computed tomography control. Computed tomography showed massive growth of the tumor around the celiac axis with metastases. After repeated neurolysis, pain relief clinically still was not satisfactory, necessitating additional opioid treatment. CONCLUSION: In this study, unilateral transcrural celiac plexus neurolysis has been shown to provide effective pain relief in 74% of patients with pancreatic cancer pain. Neurolysis was more effective in cases with tumor involving the head of the pancreas. In the cases with advanced tumor proliferation, regardless of the technique used, the analgesic effects of NCPB were not satisfactory.