食管癌、贲门癌和胃癌DNA倍体分析及其临床意义

目的 探讨食管癌、贲门癌和胃癌患者DNA倍体的临床应用价值。方法 应用流式细胞术测定100例上消化道恶性肿瘤患者癌细胞DNA含量，并进行DNA倍体和细胞周期各时相比例的分析。结果 食管癌、贲门癌和胃癌患者的异倍体率分别为33．3％、60．0％及73．7％；S期增高率分别为36．7％、70．0％及83．6％。腺癌明显高于鳞癌（P〈0．05），随病理分级的增高，异倍体率及S期异常率也呈增高趋势。结论 三种恶性肿瘤患者DNA倍体的分析，有助于了解肿瘤细胞的增殖情况及恶性程度，可为临床治疗和判断预后提供参考依据。     

流式细胞仪检测乳腺癌DNA含量及倍体(附387例报告)

目的通过对 387例乳腺癌细胞及其中 4 0例癌旁组织的DNA含量及倍体检测结果进行分析 ,了解其临床应用价值。方法采用流式细胞仪 (flowcytometry ,FCM )测定 387例乳腺癌细胞DNA含量及倍体 ,以及其中 4 0例癌旁组织的DNA含量及倍体 ,对照临床资料进行分析。结果乳腺癌组DNA含量及异倍体率、S期细胞百分比分别为 :1.6 8± 0 .5 1、76 .4 9%、15 .2 6± 6 .2 8,癌旁组织组DNA含量及异倍体率、S期细胞百分比分别为 :1.12± 0 .16、12 .5 %、3.12± 0 .86 ,差异明显 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,乳腺癌组明显高于癌旁组织组。乳腺癌组按病理分类及区域淋巴结转移数目分类不同 ,其检测结果各有特点。结论流式细胞仪乳腺癌细胞DNA含量及倍体检测及细胞动力学的分析 ,对研究乳腺癌的生物学特征 ,了解疾病预后、指导临床综合治疗具有重要价值。     

涎腺黏液表皮样癌流式细胞术DNA含量检测及临床意义

目的探讨涎腺黏液表皮样癌的DNA含量、异倍体率与肿瘤组织分级关系。方法应用流式细胞术检测40例涎腺黏液表皮样癌及15例正常涎腺组织的DNA含量。结果涎腺黏液表皮样癌细胞的DNA含量、异倍体出现频率升高,且与肿瘤组织分级呈负相关,其DI值及DNA异倍体出现频率明显高于正常涎腺组织,具统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论流式细胞术检测肿瘤细胞的DNA含量与倍体分析可用于涎腺黏液表皮样癌的诊断。     

大鼠胚胎组织中DNA含量的测定

大鼠胚胎组织中ＤＮＡ含量的测定王秋枫，赵树芬，张秀池，张帆胚胎组织中的ＤＮＡ含量是衡量胚胎生长发育情况的一项重要指标，它可以反映胚胎ＤＮＡ的合成情况，与生长参数及胚胎蛋白质含量有一致性。以往的ＤＮＡ含量测定方法操作繁琐且条件要求较高，我们介绍一种快速...     

Survivin在宫颈鳞癌中的表达及与DNA倍体关系的研究

为了研究细胞凋亡抑制基因Surv iv ind在宫颈鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其与肿瘤细胞增殖潜能的关系,探讨两者对肿瘤患者预后的影响,应用免疫组化SP法检测65例颈鳞癌中Surv iv in的表达,同时用图像分析技术对其DNA含量指数(D I值)进行检测。结果显示,Surv iv in表达、D I值与宫颈鳞癌的临床分析、分化程度及淋巴结转移均有关(P<0.05或P<0.01);Surv iv in的表达与D I呈正相关(P<0.05)。提示高的Surv iv in的表达率(高的肿瘤细胞凋亡抑制能力)及高的D I值(高的肿瘤细胞增殖能力)常提示宫颈鳞癌的低分化和高转移能力,两者均可以作为肿瘤判断患者预后不良的指标。     

肺癌DNA倍体及增殖活性与病理特征的关系

目的 探讨肺癌组织DNA含量(DI)、合成期细胞比例(SPF)、增殖指数(PI)与临床病理特征间的关系.方法 应用流式细胞仪测定73例新鲜肺癌组织细胞的DI、SPF、PI值,研究其和肺癌临床病理的关系.结果 异倍体率、DI、SPF、PI等指标在以患者性别、肿瘤病理类型、淋巴结转移、TNM分期等病理特征为分组对象的各组间没有发现显著性差异.结论 ①肺癌DNA倍体改变发生在癌变早期,其后其细胞DNA的改变随着病程进展没有发生明显改变;②肺癌DAN倍体、增殖活性在患者性别、病理类型、淋巴结转移、TNM分期等各组间没有显著性差异.     

卵巢癌患者瘤组织某些肿瘤相关基因表达、DNA倍性与肿瘤转移的关系

目的 探讨卵巢癌患者肿瘤组织相关基因编码蛋白表达与肿瘤转移的关系.方法 采用流式细胞术对32例卵巢癌患者肿瘤组织的p53V 、CD44v5 、CD44v6 、cerbB-2 、nm23 细胞百分率和DNA含量进行了检测和分析.结果 卵巢癌患者p53V 、CD44v5 、CD44v6 、cerbB-2 的百分率显著升高(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),肿瘤转移者进一步升高;nm23 细胞表达率却显著降低(P＜0.05),肿瘤转移时进一步降低(P＜0.05).肿瘤组织DNA倍体类型不同,p53V 、CD44v5 、CD44v6 、cerbB-2 、nm23 细胞表达率明显不同.结论 卵巢癌患者肿瘤组织肿瘤相关基因编码蛋白表达率、DNA倍性和肿瘤转移之间的关系十分密切.这些结果提示,肿瘤组织肿瘤相关基因表达水平和DNA倍体性,不仅可以作为卵巢癌患者病情发展和转移的指征,而且还可以作为肿瘤恶性度和患者预后判断的重要指标.     

肝细胞癌DNA含量的流式细胞分析

本研究对31例手术切除的肝细胞癌(HCC)的瘤体标本及切缘组织行流式细胞单参数分析。HCC细胞群体异倍体出现率达93.1%,多异倍体出现率达37.9%,并常表现为宽大畸形边缘毛糙的DNA直方图。对病理检查未见癌细胞浸润的切缘组织行FCM 检测,发现异倍体检出率高达65.4%,并与手术方式无关,提示切缘异倍体细胞存在很可能是HCC 复发的重要原因。在≥3cm 的HCC 中,存在多中心起源的肝癌。因此,HCC 仅行外科手术是不够的,应行综合治疗。     

大肠癌及癌旁组织中DNA倍体及细胞周期改变的研究

目的:通过对大肠组织进行DNA倍体分析和细胞周期测定,探讨癌组织、癌旁组织、正常组织之DNA倍体,细胞周期差异性;探讨大肠癌分化程度、分化期别与DNA倍体、DNA指数相关性;探讨癌旁组织是否具有恶性增殖性,借以阐明大肠癌的发展趋向及生物学特性,为早期明确大肠癌诊断,判断大肠癌发展情况,为治疗大肠癌提供参考指标。方法用机械方法将大肠癌组织癌旁组织、正常组织粉碎经300目尼龙网制备单细胞悬液75%酒精固定,碘化丙啶(PI)对细胞内DNA进行染色后的细胞悬液应用流式细胞仪测定分析,采集数据,然后用DNA倍体软件Multicycle测定悬液中G1期、S期、G2期细胞的百分比率同时进行DNA倍体分析,有无DNA异倍体细胞及DI值并与临床标本进行比较。结论①大肠癌与DNA异倍体密切相关(P<0.05)。②DNA含量与肿瘤分化程度无相关性(P>0.05)。③大肠癌旁组织(距肿瘤边缘1cm)具有恶性增殖性。④DNA超2倍体出现说明癌已发展为中、晚期,存在淋巴结转移(P<0.05)。     

乳腺癌中P53的表达及其与DNA倍体的关系

目的 探讨P53与乳腺癌的病理类型、雌激素受体(ER)及肿瘤细胞核DNA倍体的关系.方法 采用免疫组化链霉菌抗生物素蛋白过氧化物酶法,检测了41例原发性乳腺癌及25例乳腺良性肿瘤,并随机抽取30例乳腺癌标本进行流式细胞术分析.结果 P53蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达率为48.2%,而乳腺良性肿瘤为阴性,两组比较具有显著性差异(P<0.05).P53表达阳性的乳癌多为二倍体癌,表达阴性者多为异倍体癌,两组间有显著性差异(P＜0 05).结论 P53可延缓乳腺癌的发展,检测P53有可能成为乳腺癌的预后指标.     

胃癌及癌前病变中DNA含量,细胞增殖活性的定量分析与临床意义

目的　探讨细胞DNA含量、细胞增殖活性在胃粘膜癌变过程中的作用及其临床意义。方法　采用流式细胞术 (FCM)和免疫荧光技术对胃癌及癌前病变的细胞中DNA含量 (DI值 )、细胞增殖活性 (PI值 )进行定量检测。结果　胃癌组织中DI值为 1.2 1± 0 .14、异倍体率为 69.2 3 %、PI值为 3 1.91±7.5 1,均明显高于癌前病变 (P均 <0 .0 1) ;胃粘膜不典型增生Ⅲ级中异倍体率为 5 5 .5 6%、PI值为 3 4 .79± 6.5 5 ,分别高于其他癌前病变 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论　DNA含量、异倍体出现率及细胞增殖活性在胃癌显著高于癌前病变 ;在胃粘膜不典型增生Ⅲ级中DNA异倍体出现率和细胞增殖活性明显高于其他癌前病变 ,可作为癌变早诊指标。     

AICAR inhibits proliferation and induced S-phase arrest, and promotes apoptosis in CaSki cells

Aim： The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of 5-aminoimidazole- 4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside （A/CAR） on proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis in the human epithelial cervical cancer cell line CaSki cells. Methods： Cell count and 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay were used to determine cell proliferation and viability. Hoechst 33258 staining was con- ducted to distinguish the apoptotic cells. Cell cycle and Annexin-V/propidium iodide staining were analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting （FACS）. A Western blot assay was used to evaluate the expression of AKT （also known as protein kinase B）, mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）, p53, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）. Results： A/CAR （500 pmol/L） significantly inhibi- ted the proliferation of CaSki cells treated for 24, 48, and 72 h as determined by cell count. The cells at the Gl and G2 phases were dramatically decreased while cells at the S phase were increased in response to A/CAR treatment for 24, 48, and 72 h, The MTF assay showed less viable cells and Hoechst fluorescent staining showed more apoptotic cells upon AICAR stimulation. The results of the Annexin-V staining demonstrated a time-dependent increase of apoptosis in cells treated with A/CAR for 24, 36, and 48 h. Furthermore, AICAR activated caspase-3 in a time-dependent manner. It was also found that AICAR inhibited the phosphory- lation of AKT and mTOR, which are important kinases regulating cell growth and survival. AICAR stimulation obviously increased the expression of the tumor suppressor p53 and the phosphorylation of ERK. Conclusion： A/CAR inhibited proliferation and induced S phase arrest and promoted apoptosis in CaSki cells, which might be mediated by the dowrtregulation of the AKT/mTOR pathway and the upregulation of the p53/ERK pathway.     

Flow cytometry in clinical oncology: cell cycle and DNA ploidy in assessing tumor behavior

The basic principles of flow cytometry with special emphasis to cell cycle analysis and DNA ploidy measurements are described. The concept of separation of various subcompartments of cell cycle, distinguished by simultaneous determinations of DNA versus RNA and DNA versus protein contents is presented. Based on DNA ploidy patterns, human tumors were divided into two groups designated as diploid range and non-diploid (aneuploid). Since it has been proposed that diploid range tumors have generally better prognoses than non-diploid tumors, the value of DNA ploidy patterns as a prognostic factor is discussed in major groups of human cancers.     

Flow cytometry in invasive endometrial carcinoma. Correlations between DNA content S-phase rate and clinical parameters

In a prospective study including 185 women with endometrial adenocarcinoma, the DNA-content and the S-phase rate were measured by flow cytometry. The tumors of 138 (75%) patients were peridiploid and those of 47 (25%) were grossly aneuploid. Aneuploid tumors were more common in poorly differentiated tumors than in well and moderately differentiated tumors (p less than 0.0001). S-phase rates were evaluable in 148 (80%) tumors. High S-phase rates were more frequent in stages III + IV than in stages I + II (p less than 0.05) and were also more common in poorly differentiated tumors than in moderately and well differentiated tumors (p less than 0.05). Ploidy levels and S-phase rates were not significantly correlated with age or menopausal status. During the follow-up time (6 to 38 months), 19 patients died of their disease. The number of deaths registered was significantly higher among patients with aneuploid tumors than among patients with peridiploid tumors (p less than 0.002). The proportion of tumors with high S-phase rates was significantly higher than that of tumors with low S-phase rates (p less than 0.0001). These preliminary results indicate that patients with aneuploid tumors or tumors with high S-phase rates are at high risk for early recurrences.     

血清半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C的测定与临床应用进展

肾脏的主要功能是排泄代谢废物及调节水、电解质、酸碱平衡，以维持机体内环境的稳定。这主要通过肾小球的滤过和肾小管的重吸收和分泌功能来完成的，其中肾小球的滤过功能起着最重要的作用。能准确、方便地测定肾小球的滤过功能在临床上是非常重要的。     

Comparative effects of dieldrin on hepatic ploidy, cell proliferation, and apoptosis in rodent liver

Dieldrin-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, which is seen only in the mouse, apparently occurs through a nongenotoxic mechanism. Previous studies have demonstrated that dieldrin induces hepatic DNA synthesis in mouse, but not rat liver. A number of nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens have been shown to increase hepatocyte nuclear ploidy following acute and subchronic treatment in rodents, suggesting that an induction of hepatocyte DNA synthesis may occur without a concomitant increase in cell division. The current study examined the effects of dieldrin on changes in hepatocyte DNA synthesis, mitosis, apoptosis, and ploidy in mouse liver (the sensitive strain and target tissue for dieldrin-induced carcinogenicity) and the rat liver (an insensitive species). Male F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were treated with 0, 1, 3, or 10 mg dieldrin/kg diet and were sampled after 7, 14, 28, or 90 d on diet. Liver from mice fed 10 mg dieldrin/kg diet exhibited significantly increased DNA synthesis and mitosis at 14, 28, or 90 d on diet. In rats, no increase in DNA synthesis or mitotic index was observed. The apoptotic index in liver of mice and rats did not change over the 90-d study period. Exposure of mice to only the highest dose of dieldrin produced a significant increase in octaploid (8N) hepatocytes and a decrease in diploid (2N) hepatocytes, which were restricted primarily to centrilobular hepatocytes, with the periportal region showing little or no change from control. No changes in hepatocyte nuclear ploidy were observed in the rat. This study demonstrates that exposure to high concentrations of dieldrin is accompanied by increased nuclear ploidy and mitosis in mouse, but not rat, liver. It is proposed that the observed increase in nuclear ploidy in the mouse may reflect an adaptive response to dieldrin exposure.     

不同产地大蒜中硒含量的荧光测定

目的用荧光分光光度法测定大蒜样品中的硒含量。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准(GB/T 5009.93-2003)中的食物中硒的测定。结果硒质量浓度在0.01～0.2mg·mL-1范围内与其荧光强度呈线性关系,相关系数为0.9993,精密度为2.7%。4个不同产地(新疆昭苏,新疆乌什,新疆阿合奇和山东苍山)大蒜中硒的含量分别为0.041,0.043,0.046和0.033μg.g-1。结论结果表明此方法可靠,重现性好。     

DNA倍体分析在口腔癌及癌前病变中的应用

目的评价和比较脱落细胞DNA倍体分析与甲苯胺蓝染色两种方法对诊断癌前病变和口腔癌的应用价值。方法收集山西省人民医院口腔外科门诊及住院患者220例,分组应用DNA倍体分析和甲苯胺蓝染色两种检查方法检测。结果 DNA倍体分析对癌前病变和恶性病灶都显示出高特异性和灵敏度;而甲苯胺蓝对癌前病变和恶性病灶染色结果显示出中等灵敏度和低特异性。结论对于口腔癌及癌前病变的诊断,脱落细胞DNA倍体分析在灵敏度和特异度方面都优于甲苯胺蓝染色。     

联合应用腹水DNA含量测定鉴别腹水性质的诊断价值

目的对腹水DNA含量测定鉴别良、恶性腹水的方法给肿瘤的诊断进行研究。方法随机选取包头医学院第二附属医院2008年11月至2009年11月入院进行治疗的腹水患者25例,其中男性患者16例,女性患者9例,患者年龄在18～81岁,中位年龄为56岁。运用流式细胞检测法对腹水DNA含量进行测定与鉴别。结果恶性腹水中癌细胞的检出率只有40%左右,而且细胞病理学的采样工作需要重复进行许多次,并且检测者的主观因素会对检测结果产生一定的影响。结论联合应用腹水DNA含量对良恶性腹水有良好效果,值得推广。