雷公藤多甙对重症肌无力患者血清sIL—2R水平的影响

目的：探讨雷公藤多甙（ＴＩＩ）对重症肌无力（ＭＣ）的免疫调节机制。方法：将５２例ＭＧ患随机分为ＴＩＩ治疗组及非ＴＩＩ治疗组,观察ＴＩＩ治疗组和非ＴＩＩ治疗组治疗前后及４０例正常对照血清可深性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）水平,结果：ＴＩＩ治疗组及非ＴＩＩ治疗组治疗前血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平较正常对照组明显升高,ＴＩＩ治疗后血清（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）水平较治疗前明显降低,而非ＴＩＩ治疗组前后血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平则显性变化,结论：ＴＩＩ治疗ＭＣ的免疫调节机制可能通过抑制ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ产生而发挥。     

神经性毒剂光学异构体的^19F—NMR分离鉴定研究

目的：分离和鉴别沙林和梭曼等含Ｐ－Ｆ键神经性毒剂光学异构体。方法：＾１９Ｆ－ＮＭＲ手性诱导位移。结果和结论：对沙林和梭曼等１１个含Ｐ－Ｆ键的神经性毒剂的＾１９Ｆ－ＮＭＲ与结构关系进行了研究。提出了一种测定含Ｐ－Ｆ键神经性毒剂这异构体的方便而有效的方法。本方法基于在氘代苯中用三（３－三氟甲基羟基亚甲基－ｄ－樟脑）铕作为手性位移试剂，使含Ｐ－Ｆ键神经性毒剂对映异构体的重叠＾１９Ｆ－ＮＭＲ信号完全达到分     

黄芩甙对小鼠肝细胞色素P450及其亚家族的诱导

目的：观察黄芩甙对小鼠肝细胞色素Ｐ４５０及其亚家族的影响,深入探讨黄芩甙保肝作用的机理。方法：采用分光光度法分别测定小鼠肝微粒体细胞色素Ｐ４５０、ｂ５含量及氨基比林Ｎ－脱甲基酶（ＡＤＭ）、７－乙氧基香豆素Ｏ－脱乙基酶（ＥＣＤ）、苯并芘羟化酶（ＡＨＨ）。采用蛋白印迹杂交技术鉴定细胞色素Ｐ４５０同功酶。结果：给小鼠黄芩甙（１００ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１．ｄ＾－１）灌胃,连续７ｄ,可使小鼠肝微粒体细胞色素Ｐ４５     

高效毛细管电泳法测定何首乌中二苯乙烯甙的含量

目的：建立测定何首乌中二苯乙烯甙含量的高效毛细管电泳法。方法：电解液为２０ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１硼砂,检测波长２１４ｎｍ,二苯乙烯甙为对照品,测定了何首乌及其制剂中二苯乙烯甙的含量。结果：进样量在１０．０￣１００．０μｇ·ｍｌ＾－１范围内线性关系良好（ｒ＝０．０９９９９）,加样回收率为９８．７１％,ＲＳＤ为１．５１％（ｎ＝３）,测得生何首乌,制何首乌及优生宝胶囊中二苯乙烯甙的含量分别为０．１２７％、０     

薄层扫描法测定扶正抗癌颗粒中黄芪甲甙的含量

目的：测定扶正抗癌颗粒中黄芪甲甙的含量。方法：双波长薄层扫描法,波长λｓ＝５３０ｎｍ ,λＲ＝ ７００ｎｍ 。结果：黄芪甲甙含量线性范围为０．９９６～４．９８μｇ·ｍｌ－１ ,ｒ ＝０ ．９９９ ２,样品加样回收率为９７．２１％ ,ＲＳＤ为２．２１％ 。结论：建立的含量测定方法简便、准确、重现性好     

茜草酸甙中甙元的化学结构分析

上文中叙述了从茜草提取物中分离出二个具有使正常狗外周血白细胞升高作用的甙——茜草酸甙Ⅰ及Ⅱ,但根据其光谱及化学数据还不能对其结构作出推断。为此,必须先经水解,分离出甙元或其衍生物,才能进行化学结构的分析。我们采用的分离流程见图1。依此分离出甙元及甙元的几种衍生物,进行化学结构的探讨。     

玄参中微量单萜和二萜成分

目的：观察中药玄参（Ｓｃｒｏｐｈｕｌａｒｉａ ｎｉｎｇｐｏｅｎｓｉｓ Ｈｅｍｓｌ．）中的微量化学成分。为传统中药的规范标准制定提供依据。方法：利用溶剂提取和硅胶等层析方法分离玄参乙醚可溶部位,获得的微量单体成分通过化学和光谱方法测定结构。结果：依据ＮＭＲ、ＭＳ、ＩＲ等光谱数据,鉴定玄参中微量成分柳杉醇和ｉｒｉｄｏｉｌａｃｔｏｎ的结构。结论：首次观察到玄参含二萜化合物柳杉醇和变异环烯醚萜ｉｒｉｄｏｉ     

磁共振胰胆管成像在胰胆管疾病中的诊断价值

目的：探讨磁共振胰胆管成像（ＭＲ ｃｈｏｌａｎｇｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＭＲＣＰ）对胰胆管疾病的诊断价值。材料和方法：用ｆａｓｔ－ＡＳＥ序列完成了８２例ＭＲＣＰ检查,其中有６３例经手术病理证实,余为超声或ＣＴ证实,经二维（２Ｄ）及三维（３Ｄ）处理图像,后以最大信号投影重建图像。结果：全部检查均获得成功。良、恶性胰胆管疾病在ＭＲＣＰ图像上具有一定的特征性。ＭＲＣＰ定位及定性准确率分别为１００％及８６％。结论：ＭＲＣＰ是一种无创伤性的有效手段,能清楚显示正常或异常的胰胆管结构,定性和定位准确率高,能为临床提供十分有意义的诊断资料。     

赤土茯苓中总黄酮的含量测定

目的：测定赤土茯苓中总黄酮含量。方法：６０％乙醇提取液,三氯化铝醋酸钾显色,４２０ｎｍ测定紫外吸收度。结果：１２．５－２５倍量６０％乙醇回流提取１ｈ,提取一次,总黄酮含量为０．２６％;８倍量６０％乙醇回流提取１ｈ,提取４次,总黄酮含量为０．４％。结论：赤土茯苓中总黄酮含量为０．４％。本法简便、快速,可用于赤土茯苓生药及其制剂总黄酮含量测定及质量控制。     

后颅窝囊肿的CT－MR影像学

目的：本文目的是对后颅窝囊肿的ＣＴ－ＭＲ影像学的诊断作用进行评价。材料与方法：１２例后颅窝囊肿的ＣＴ和ＭＲ影像表现进行了分析，探讨了其与临床表现和类型的相关性。结果：本组病例包含Ｄａｎｄｙ－Ｗａｌｋｅｒ囊肿（５例）、蛛网膜囊肿（３例）和巨枕大池（４例），ＣＴ和ＭＲ都可提供无创性检测手段。结论：ＣＴ和ＭＲ二者对后颅窝囊肿的诊断均有效，但在显示病变的性状、大小和轮廓方面，ＭＲ比ＣＴ稍胜一筹     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.