人可溶性TRAIL cDNA的克隆及新型原核表达载体的构建

目的 克隆人可溶性TRAIL（sTRAIL)cDNA并构建其原核表达载体，为制备新型抗癌分子创造条件。方法 提取HL－60细胞总RNA，经RT－PCR扩增编码人TRAIL114－281氨基酸残基的cDNA序列，将其克隆至pUC19进行序列测定，然后构建于新型原核表达载体pQE-80L中。结果 RT－PCR扩增得到了504bp的DNA片段，序列分析表明与GeneBank中报道的编码人TRAIL 114－281氨基酸残基的cDNA序列安全一致。结论 sTRAIL cDNA的克隆及其原核表达载体的构建，为进一步制备具有抗肿瘤活性的sTRAIL奠定了基础。     

人TRAIL分子胞外区的克隆及新型表达载体的构建

目的：利用基因工程技术克隆人TRAIL分子胞外区41－281片断的cDNA，构建其原核表达载体，从而建立原核表达体系。方法：采用RT－PCR方法从人早幼粒白血病细胞系HL－60的总RNA中扩增TRAIL分子41－281片断的cDNA，以限制性酶切和DNA测序进行鉴定，并将目的片断克隆至原核表达载体pQE-80L。结果：克隆到人TRAIL分子41－281片断的cDNA,DNA测序结果与报道的完全一致；构建了该片断的原核表达载体，为后续基因工程研究打下了基础。结论：成功克隆人TRALL分子41－281片断的cDNA并构建了其原核表达载体。     

人可溶性TRAIL cDNA的设计、合成与克隆

目的:合成可溶性的肿瘤坏死因子相关的凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)的cDNA,并构建其原核表达载体.方法:根据大肠杆菌密码子偏好性和表达载体多克隆位点限制性内切酶要求,设计基因拼接引物,合成TRAIL基因胞膜外段双链cDNA序列,将其连接于克隆载体pMD18-T中;将酶切、纯化的TRAIL基因与经相同处理的载体PSC相连接,转化感受态大肠杆菌JM109,筛选阳性重组子.结果:成功获得了包含TRAIL基因胞膜外段的双链cDNA序列,并成功构建了TRAIL胞膜外段原核表达载体PSC/TRAIL 111-281.结论:采用PCR的方法,实现合成寡核苷酸片段的一次性组装,方便了进一步的克隆.     

重组分泌型TRAIL腺病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的 构建表达分泌型肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体( TRAIL)基因的重组腺病毒载体.方法 采用PCR技术从人肝脏cDNA文库中扩增出编码114～281位氨基酸的TRAIL基因片段.将扩增的TRAIL插入含有分泌性信号肽IL-2的腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdTrack-CMV-IL-2中,将其命名为pAdTrack-CMV-...     

人胎盘TRAIL基因cDNA的克隆和鉴定

目的:利用基因工程技术克隆TRAIL基因全长cDNA,并构建其原核表达载体.方法:从人胎盘中提取总RNA,利用RT-PCR技术扩增了TRAIL,将其连接于克隆载体pMD18-T中,并通过酶切及测序鉴定载体构建的正确性.结果:应用RT-PCR技术和BamHⅠ和EcoRⅠ双酶切成功获得1049 bp的目的片段,测序分析结果表明该基因序列与报道的TRAIL基因片段的序列完全相同.结论:成功克隆了TRAIL基因的cDNA全长,为其在肿瘤生物治疗中的应用奠定了基础.     

TRAIL蛋白原核表达载体的构建及表达研究

目的 利用蛋白自剪切功能原核表达系统构建肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体（TRAIL）胞膜外段融合蛋白表达载体,并进行表达条件优化和初步纯化。方法 设计基因拼接引物,合成TRAIL基因胞膜外段双链cDNA序列,将其连接于克隆载体pMD18-T中;将酶切、纯化的TRAIL基因与经相同处理的载体pTWIN1相连接,转化感受态大肠杆菌JM109,筛选阳性重组子。将鉴定（酶切及序列分析）阳性的重组子质粒转人大肠埃希菌ER2566表达菌中,采用蛋白质SDS—PAGE电泳方法分析不同浓度诱导剂异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷（IPTG）、不同诱导温度、不同诱导时间下目的蛋白表达情况。结果 成功获得了包含TRAIL基因胞膜外段的双链cDNA序列,酶切及序列分析证实成功构建了TRAIL胞膜外段蛋白自剪切功能原核表达载体。采用0．3mmol／LIPTG、15℃诱导过夜（14～16h）,目的蛋白获得较高表达量,且大部分为可溶性蛋白。结论 采用大肠埃希氏菌ER2566,TRAIL胞膜外段融合蛋白获得高表达,经简单后续处理即可获得不含任何额外氨基酸的可溶性目的蛋白。     

人心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ基因原核表达载体的构建与鉴定

目的构建人心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）基因的原核表达重组体并鉴定。方法利用RT-PCR方法从人心肌细胞的总RNA中克隆出编码人cTnI的cDNA片段，设计引物将其第二和第四个密码子突变后插入原核表达载体形成重组体，并导入宿主菌BL21（DE3）中，采用双酶切及PCR方法鉴定后测序。结果经PCR扩增成功获得699bp的cTnI基因，重组体酶切分析及PCR显示结果与预想一致，测序正确。结论成功克隆了cTnI基因并构建了原核表达重组体。     

人BAFF cDNA的克隆及原核表达载体的构建

目的 克隆人BAFF（B cell activating factor belonging to the TNF family)全长及128－285片段的cDNA并构建其原核表达载体，为表达和检测其生物学活性做准备。方法 提取HL－60细胞总RNA，经RT－PCR扩增编码人BAFF全长及128－285氨基酸残基的cDNA序列，并将其克隆至载体pUC18和pUC19进行序列测定，然后构建于新型原核表达载体pQE-80L中。结果 RT－PCR扩增得到了858bp和477bp的DNA片段，序列分析与GenBank中报道的编码BAFF全长及128－285氨基酸残基的cDNA序列完全一致。结论 BAFF cDNA的克隆及其原核表达载体的构建，为进一步表达和检测其生物学活性奠定了基础。     

肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体的克隆、表达及重新折叠

目的 :人的肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体 (TNF relatedapoptosisinducingligand ,TRAIL)基因经扩增后 ,克隆在大肠杆菌中表达并重新折叠并获得有活性的TRAIL蛋白。方法 :用PCR的方法从人胎盘cDNA文库中扩增TRAIL基因 ,经序列分析鉴定 ,再克隆到原核表达载体 pET11a ,经E .coliBL2 1(DE3)表达 ,电泳鉴定后 ,柱层析纯化 ,重新折叠 ,流式细胞术等方法检测其促凋亡活性。结果 :得到了TRAIL基因 ,并构建了可在大肠杆菌中表达的载体 pET11 TRAIL1(含TRAILcDNA序列 418 933)及可在真核细胞中表达的载体pLNCX TRAIL2 (含TRAILcDNA序列 88 933)。取前者在E .coliBL2 1(DE3)中表达 ,经纯化 ,重新折叠得到了复性的TRAIL蛋白。检测其对人白血病细胞株Jurkat有诱导凋亡的作用。结论 :从人胎盘cDNA文库中扩增TRAIL基因 ,在大肠杆菌中表达、重新折叠、纯化后 ,经检测得到了有活性的TRAIL蛋白     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.