胸主动脉腔内修复术治疗复杂性胸主动脉夹层效果观察

目的观察胸主动脉腔内修复术治疗复杂性胸主动脉夹层的效果。方法选取2016-01—2018-01间在濮阳市安阳地区医院接受胸主动脉腔内修复术的42例复杂性胸主动脉夹层患者,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 42例患者的并发症发生率为7.14%。术后人工血管旁路均畅通,支架形态良好、无移位。结论对复杂性胸主动脉夹层患者采用胸主动脉腔内修复术,疗效优良。     

胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后血小板减少的临床分析

目的　观察胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术 (endovascular graft exclusion,EVGE)后血小板改变 ,分析血小板减少的原因 ,并探讨降低血小板减少幅度的措施。　方法　对 12 4例胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者成功施行了EVGE,并于术前 ,术后 2小时 ,术后 1、2、3、4、7和 14天连续采集周围静脉血标本 ,观察血小板计数的变化。　结果10 6例 (85 .5 % )术后出现血小板计数减少 ,血小板减少幅度为术前水平的 30 .3%～ 6 9.3%。第 1～ 2天最低 ,为 (89.5 2± 19.4 7)× 10 9/ L (P<0 .0 5 ) ,此后逐渐回升。出现继发性血小板增多 5 1例。　结论　 EVGE后血小板减少常见 ,其发生原因较多 ,移植物、内皮损伤、肝素、血小板滞留、失血和输血是血小板激活和减少的主要因素。采取适当的措施 ,可能有助于降低血小板减少的幅度 ,避免术后发生出血并发症。     

主动脉夹层动脉瘤手术病人的监护

主动脉夹层动脉瘤是一种心血管危急重症 ,常起病急骤、症状复杂、预后差、病死率高。手术治疗是清除病灶、防止动脉破裂及脏器缺血等并发症的主要方法。我院 1995年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 2月为 6 8例主动脉夹层动脉瘤病人施行手术 ,其监护要点介绍如下。1　临床资料6 8例中 ,男 5 5例、女 13例 ,年龄 1973岁 ,平均 (43.2±13.2 )岁。病程 12ｈ至 11年。其中动脉粥样硬化 2 6例 ,先天性主动脉夹层动脉瘤 3例 ,马凡氏综合征 39例。有高血压病史者 38例 ,占 5 5 .9%。心功能Ⅳ级 15例、Ⅲ级 2 6例、Ⅱ级 2 0例、Ⅰ级 7例。病人均在中深低温体外循环…     

浅析Stanford B型主动脉夹层胸主动脉腔内修复术后支架远端并发症

胸主动脉腔内修复术（TEVAR）现已逐渐成熟,成为临床治疗胸主动脉夹层的主要手段。腔内治疗拥有创口小,围术期死亡率低的优点,但长期随访结果相比开放手术缺少明显优势。TEVAR术后胸主动脉段虽得到处理,但腹主动脉及其分支在远期随访中会出现瘤样扩张、新发破口以及分支血管支配的器官缺血、功能不全等并发症。为减少该类并发症出现...     

胸主动脉夹层的再次手术治疗

目的分析胸主动脉夹层术后复发的原因,总结其外科治疗经验。方法回顾分析4例主动脉夹层术后复发患者行手术治疗的临床资料,其中行Bentall手术2例,胸主动脉置换术2例。结果全组无手术死亡,术后并发呼吸及肾功能不全1例,声音嘶哑1例。结论胸主动脉夹层术后再发与原发病、血压控制不良、第1次手术适应证的选择有关,急性DeBakey、型患者应行急诊手术治疗。     

孙氏手术治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后乳糜胸的诊治进展

<正>急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层(acute type A aortic dissection,ATAAD)是最为凶险的主动脉疾病之一^[1,2],在发病后48 h内死亡率达49%^[3],非手术治疗患者2周内死亡率高达74%^[4]。ATAAD一经确诊,原则上均应积极进行外科手术治疗^[5]。近年来,“全主动脉弓人工血管置换并支架象鼻手术”(孙氏手术)已成为ATAAD的标准术式^[4]。但ATAAD手术的技术难度极大,如何降低并发症发生率和死亡率依然是世界性难题^[6,7]。     

胸主动脉腔内修复术对累及肾动脉的胸主动脉夹层患者肾功能的影响

目的 评估胸主动脉腔内修复术（TEVAR）对于累及肾动脉的胸主动脉夹层患者肾功能的影响。方法 收集2017年1月至2022年1月于佛山市第一人民医院采取TEVAR治疗的26例累及肾动脉的Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的临床资料,记录所有患者的治疗情况和并发症发生情况,比较术前1周、术后3个月患者的肾功能指标以及手术前后不同层面主动脉真假腔直径。结果 26例患者均成功完成手术,手术成功率为100%。围手术期、术后3个月内均未发生严重并发症。术后3个月患者的肌酐、尿素氮水平均较术前1周明显升高,肾小球滤过率较术前1周明显降低（P﹤0.01）;术后3个月与术前1周的胱抑素C水平比较,差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。术后3个月,患侧肾小球滤过率较健侧及术前1周均明显降低,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。术后3个月不同平面真腔的直径均明显大于术前1周,假腔的直径均明显小于术前1周,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。结论 对于一侧肾动脉完全为假腔供血的主动脉夹层患者,TEVAR术后患者的肾功能会出现恶化,应重视并早期预防。     

主动脉夹层腔内修复术后并发症及其处理

1994年Dake等[1]首次将支架型人工血管用于胸主动脉瘤的治疗,并于1999年实施了Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术[2].与传统开胸手术相比,腔内修复具有创伤小、恢复快等多项优点,其安全性和有效性已获证实.但是随着腔内治疗经验的增加,内漏、逆行性A型夹层等并发症已逐渐得到重视.本文将对主动脉夹层腔内治疗后并发症类别及诊治进展作一总结.     

再次胸主动脉夹层的外科治疗

目的 总结胸主动脉夹层术后复发的病因及外科治疗经验。方法 2001年3月～2002年5月手术治疗4例主动脉夹层术后复发患者，男2例，女2例，手术包括Bentall手术2例，胸主动脉置换2例；Bentall手术采用深低温停循环、上腔静脉逆行灌注方法，胸主动脉置换采用深低温停循环、逆行全身灌注方法，同期行二尖瓣、三尖瓣成型术1例。结果 全组无术后死亡，术后并发呼吸及肾功能不全1例，声音嘶哑1例。结论 胸主动脉夹层术后再发与原发病、血压控制不良，一次手术适应征的选择有关，急性DebakeyⅠ、Ⅱ型患者应急诊手术治疗。     

胸主动脉瘤和主动脉夹层的腔内治疗

本文综述了近年来应用支架型人工血管治疗胸主动脉瘤和主动脉夹层的主要进展，认为该术式是手术等传统治疗方法的有效替代之一，但还存在一些亟待解决的问题。     

胸主动脉夹层的外科治疗

目的总结胸主动脉夹层(AD)的外科治疗经验。方法1993年至2003年4月手术治疗A型AD40例，B型20例，其中急性夹层16例。A型采用中度低温体外循环13例，深低温停循环(DHCA)和上腔静脉逆灌(RCP)27例；行升主动脉置换24例，升主动脉和半弓置换11例，升主动脉、全弓和象鼻手术5例；同期行Bentall手术18例，主动脉瓣置换8例，冠状动脉旁路移植术1例。B型采用左心转流7例，股一股转流2例，DHCA 11例；行近端降主动脉置换14例，全胸降主动脉置换或伴肋间动脉移植6例。结果全组术后死亡率10％(急性夹层18．8％，慢性夹层6．8％)，近3年降至4．4％。术后并发呼吸功能不全8例，二次开胸止血3例，延迟性心包压塞和腹腔内出血各2例，声音嘶哑3例。结论正确掌握手术指征、手术技巧和术中脑保护是手术治疗AD的关键。A型夹层的手术范围应依据内膜破裂口位置决定。     

Endovascular stent-graft treatment of thoracic aortic dissection

Endovascular stent-graft implantation technique is a newly developed, effective and less invasive method in treating thoracic aortic dissection (TAD). Our study was designed to further verify the feasibility, the efficacy, and safety of this technique. We present a 4-year follow-up report of endovascular stent-graft treatment over 36 cases of acute TAD patients and 40 cases of chronic TAD patients. The mortality and comorbidity rates were evaluated thoroughly. In our study, the deployment of the stent-grafts was successfully performed in 75 cases. The hospital cumulative 30-day mortality rate was 1.3%. The instant endoleak rate was 15.8% (12 patients). All endoleaks were successfully treated with a second stent. All patients in local anesthesia were transported to the general ward after the intervention and were discharged from hospital within 1 week. Our preliminary results showed endovascular stent-graft implantation technique offered good peri-operative morbidity and mortality rates. Stent-graft placement over TAD produced a low incidence of spinal cord ischemia, cardiac and pulmonary complications, less hospital stay, less blood transfusion and became the first choice of TAD patients in our department.     

Endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic dissection and its variants

The acute aortic syndrome (AAS) is described. Its pathophysiology is discussed for each of the three entities (penetrating aortic ulcer, intramural hematoma and aortic dissection). The natural history of these three pathologies is reviewed. Diagnostic features and investigation imaging techniques are summarized. The technique of stentgraft-placement is described in detail. The authors report their clinical experience with 127 patients, presenting acute type B aortic dissection or its variants, and treated with an endovascular stent-graft-device. These results are in part compared with a group of control patients with acute type B dissection, submitted to medical non-invasive therapy.     

Molecular mechanisms of thoracic aortic dissection

Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is a highly lethal vascular disease. In many patients with TAD, the aorta progressively dilates and ultimately ruptures. Dissection formation, progression, and rupture cannot be reliably prevented pharmacologically because the molecular mechanisms of aortic wall degeneration are poorly understood. The key histopathologic feature of TAD is medial degeneration, a process characterized by smooth muscle cell depletion and extracellular matrix degradation. These structural changes have a profound impact on the functional properties of the aortic wall and can result from excessive protease-mediated destruction of the extracellular matrix, altered signaling pathways, and altered gene expression. Review of the literature reveals differences in the processes that lead to ascending versus descending and sporadic versus hereditary TAD. These differences add to the complexity of this disease. Although tremendous progress has been made in diagnosing and treating TAD, a better understanding of the molecular, cellular, and genetic mechanisms that cause this disease is necessary to developing more effective preventative and therapeutic treatment strategies.     

采用胸分支型主动脉支架人工血管对主动脉弓降部夹层行腔内修复治疗

目的探讨采用胸分支型主动脉支架人工血管治疗累及左锁骨下动脉的主动脉弓降部夹层的临床效果。方法自2004年2月至2004年6月,采用血管腔内胸分支型主动脉支架人工血管治疗主动脉弓部夹层14例。14例均为StanforB型主动脉夹层,原发破裂口距左锁骨下动脉开口2～13mm,平均8．7mm。分支型支架由主动脉段支架和分支段支架组成,支架直径较相应支撑部位动脉直径大15％～20％。治疗在血管造影室进行,应用定位导丝、在透视下将分支型主动脉支架人工血管送人并连续释置入主动脉弓和左锁骨下动脉。结果支架释放全部成功。14例患者共放置14只分支型主动脉支架和2只可弯曲型支架人工血管,封闭夹层破裂口,夹层真腔全部恢复正常直径。无远端动脉并发症发生,无死亡病例。全部患者术后恢复正常活动。结论胸分支型主动脉支架人工血管适合于修复破裂口位于左锁骨下动脉开口旁的主动脉弓部夹层。     

Combined thoracic aortic dissection and abdominal aortic fusiform aneurysm.

Certain clinical and autopsy findings are described in 13 patients who had both aortic dissection (AD) and fusiform abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). All 13 patients had severe and extensive aortic atherosclerosis. The AAA was diagnosed clinically in 9 patients, and 5 had the AAA resected. The AD was diagnosed clinically in 5 patients, and 2 underwent attempted operative repair. Two patients who had the AAA resected because of suspected rupture were found later to have ruptured a more proximal AD. Thus, AD occurs occasionally in patients who have AAA. In older persons with suspected rupture of an AAA, a more proximal rupture of an AD should be ruled out. When both AAA and AD are present in the same patient, the AD is more likely the cause of cardiovascular collapse than is rupture of the AAA.     

复杂主动脉夹层及胸主动脉瘤的腔内治疗

目的总结复杂主动脉夹层(AD)及胸主动脉瘤(TAA)腔内隔绝术的治疗经验。方法共76例行腔内治疗的复杂AD及TAA病例,其中行单纯腔内隔绝术52例,结合烟囱技术的腔内隔绝术6例;结合支架近端开槽的腔内隔绝术5例;颈部杂交手术13例。结果围手术期死亡2例,其中1例患者术后4小时死于心跳骤停,1例杂交手术患者术后死于脑血管意外。51例得到随访,随访时间3个月至9年,平均18个月,1例TAA杂交手术患者人工血管全段闭塞,但患者无任何神经系统症状。2例患者分别在术后3个月及1年出现支架远端破口再行腔内隔绝术。1例AD患者术后6个月时出现支架近端新破口。在随访期死于肺癌和冠心病各1例。结论结合覆盖左锁骨下动脉、烟囱技术、开槽技术及颈部血管搭桥的腔内隔绝术,可提高复杂AD及TAA的疗效,降低并发症。