国内外车载医学影像装备的发展现状

开发车载医学影像装备的目的是为那些因地理环境、灾区环境以及战争情况下受限不便就诊的人员提供高质量的医疗健康服务.本文介绍了国内外车载医学影像装备的发展现状.     

血液透析设备质量控制管理的探讨

作为生命支持类的血液透析设备,属于高风险医疗设备,其质量控制是整个血液透析工作的主要环节。目前医院血液透析质量参差不齐,血液透析设备使用频繁,处于超负荷运转中;血液透析质量管理制度不完善,人员配备不合理,培训不到位;缺少开展针对性的维护保养和设备质量控制工作,无法保证血液透析设备运行参数在正常范围,严重影响血液透析质量与安全。笔者主要从"人、机、料、法、环"五个方面探讨血液透析设备质量控制管理相关措施,对于加强血液透析质量规范化管理、降低血液透析设备使用风险、保证透析质量与医疗安全,具有一定的参考价值。     

医院医疗设备质量控制管理面临的问题与措施

分析了目前很多医院质量控制管理工作所面临的领导不重视,临床医务人员意识淡薄,专业技术人员缺乏三个问题.我院采取了统一管理、部门分工,重点抓培训、维护、质量检测、计量等环节.构建了切实可效的质量控制体系,医疗设备的质控管理有明显的改善.实践证明,医疗设备质量控制工作是一项系统工程,只有严格遵守各项规章制度,操作规程,院领导、临床医务人员及质量控制人员共同配合才能做好.     

医疗设备档案管理在服务医患中的积极作用分析

医院的医疗设备档案工作的有效管理对患者的需求及医院的健康发展有重要的作用,通过对医疗设备的检测、医疗设备档案的有效管理,一方面可以使医院的设备费用达到最小化,保证医院的有效收入;另一方面可以更好的对患者负责,保证医患关系的和谐发展.本文在此背景下提出了关于医疗设备档案管理在服务医患中的积极作用分析,文章首先分析了医疗设备档案管理工作的必要性;然后提出了医疗设备档案库的资源共享;接下来提出了对医疗设备档案管理工作的有效监督;最后提出了对医疗设备档案管理工作服务领域的拓展.希望能够对医疗设备档案管理提供有效建议.     

区域性医学影像信息系统建设的必要性研究

本文结合海南省医疗卫生行业信息化建设的实际情况,从分析建设区域性医学影像信息系统的必要性入手,论述了区域性医学影像信息系统建设目标、建设方案、系统结构、网络平台和实现策略等,作为对加快区域性医疗卫生信息化建设,建设区域性医学影像信息系统的一些初步探讨.     

X射线CT检测设备的溯源

CT的检测需要一套科学的高质量的检测设备，而目前国内外各种不同厂家的一些设备给出的值和稳定性都存在问题。因此对这些检测设备的质量控制，及其可追溯性和公正性的认定已成为迫在眉睫的问题，为此我们提出研究建立“CT检测设备的检定标准”，其目的就是为了建立与国家基准的溯源关系。本文综合描述了CT检测设备各个不同参数的测量理论、方法、量值溯源关系、溯源方式及实现方式。     

医用输液泵质量控制实践与思考——以湖北医药学院附属医院为例

介绍输液泵质量控制工作的开展情况,并分析了质量控制检测的结果,为临床安全、有效地使用输液泵提出了建议。通过对质量控制检测数据的分析,总结了产生问题的原因和处理方法。输液泵的质量控制检测、完善监控体系和必要的临床应用培训是输液泵使用安全的保障。     

军队医院信息化建设中PACS的应用和发展前景

本文介绍了医学影像存储与传输系(PACS) 一些相关概念.并以解放军202医院的情况为例对医学影像存储与传输系统在军队医院信息化中的应用现状进行了简单介绍,最后讨论了医学影像存储与传输系统在医院信息化中的发展与前景.     

基于电源电压检测的X线机示教实验装置设计

针对医学影像设备学课程中X线机的讲解存在实验教学与理论教学较难结合的问题,医学影像学和医学影像技术专业学生在步入工作岗位之前对X线机的操作流程不熟悉的现状,文章设计一种基于电源电压检测的X线机示教实验装置。利用该实验装置开展实验教学,可以在避免高电压和X线的电离辐射给师生带来的潜在安全隐患的前提下实现以 下教学目的:（1）该实验装置模拟常规X线机摄影或透视操作流程;（2）为得到合适黑化程度的X线光片,保证电源电压波动值超过±10%时不能曝光。     

X线机工作特性模拟实验装置设计与研制

目的:解决在医学影像技术专业和医学影像学专业实验教学中X线机实验设备成本高、有辐射和电路封装等缺点。方法:以X线机基本电路为基础,优化电路结构、采用直观功能模块电路设计,并以电源变压器为管电压测量电路和管电流测量电路提供直流电;使用89C2051单片机,用于曝光时间设定、曝光时间控制、显示电路控制驱动等多种功能。结果:本装置优势为不产生高压和X射线,可以模拟医用X线机的工作原理和主要电路结构,可用于开设X线机实验课,供学生学习和掌握X线机的工作原理及电路结构,测量X线机的主要工作特性和参数,观察和测量电路波形。结论:该设备可以解决实验教学设备不足,可广泛用于医学院校医学影像学、医学影像技术等相关专业的实验教学。     

医学影像物理学的现状和发展

本文对医学影像物理学的内容、方法、现状和今后发展的趋势进行了综合评述。文中分析了不同成像模式所提供的人体信息的意义和它们的局限性。医学影像物理学既是人体无创伤可视化科学的基础，为设计医学影像诊断和治疗的新仪器和新设备提供相应的技术路线；叉可以直接为合理使用现有影像设备更好地为疾病诊断和治疗提供服务，在中国，这个领域还很落后，应该把医学影像物理学的发展放到一个重要的位置，因为这是一个可以直接造福人民、又是高技术产业的知识源头，以医学影像学为基础的产业，无论是医疗行业本身，还是为了促进医疗仪器行业的发展都有重要意义文章强调了不同学科之间的融合和渗透的重要性，呼吁中国的医院设立医学物理师的岗位，并建议我国应该在若干所大学的应用物理学科中设立医学物理分支学科．北京大学物理学院已经在应用物理系内设立了本科专业。     

结合物联网技术的租赁设备质量控制研究

目的：在现有医院医疗设备租赁中心平台效益基础上,实现医疗设备的集中式质量控制,并通过物联网技术的应用,优化医院租赁中心设备的管理,以现代化手段提高各租赁设备的使用安全。方法：总结医院卫生装备质量控制的现状及存在不足、设备在租赁中心的全寿命流程,研究并探讨结合物联网技术实行租赁设备的质量控制方案,并运用统计学软件SPSS 13.0分析方案实施前后设备质量的状况。结果：依据各医疗设备在租赁中心的寿命流程,分租赁中心内与院内其他科室两部分设立不同的质量控制方案并给出了呼吸机应用实例做参考,建立了一套有益于医疗设备质量控制工作展开的模式,方案实施前后租借的设备质量状况具有统计学差异（P〈0.01）。结论：通过结合物联网技术的租赁设备质量控制管理方案,医院医疗设备管理水平得到了进一步的提高,医疗设备的质量性能、安全应用得到保证,有效降低了医疗事故发生的概率,为适应未来医院现代化发展的需求提供了很好的参考。     

Cost-effective quality assurance of rented medical equipment.

The Biomedical Engineering Department (BME) at the University Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona, noted a sharp increase in the use of rented medical equipment. To increase efficiency, control costs, and provide effective quality assurance for rented equipment, a Medical Equipment Rental Vendor (MERV) program was formulated. The program increases efficiency by placing the burden of verifying safety and performance on the MERVs. Performance requirements were developed for the MERVs. The vendors who agreed to the requirements were compiled into a list of preferred vendors to be the primary suppliers of rental medical equipment to UMC. These preferred vendors were given preapproval from BME to deliver equipment directly to the requesting clinical department. All other vendors must continue to submit their equipment to BME for inspection. Policies were written to outline the responsibilities of the clinical departments and BME relative to the MERVs. Frequency of sampling, means of documentation, and assurance of user training were included. Response from the vendors and clinical departments has been positive. Communication between the vendors, clinical departments, and BME has improved through the development and implementation of this program. Vendor and equipment quality have been maintained or improved since compliance with the performance requirements is necessary to maintain preferred vendor status.     

Influence of analytical and biological variation on the clinical interpretation of seminal parameters

Quality assurance in semen analysis has been questioned recently in this journal. Based on the limited capacity of seminal parameter in the determination of fertility, the authors advocated abandoning methods of quality assurance in semen analysis for clinical situations. In this article, we explore arguments as to why quality assurance in semen analysis for clinical use is not 'a waste of time'. Imprecision and within-subject biological variations are the two major components involved in the dispersion of seminal parameter results obtained by analysis of a semen sample from an individual. As within-subject biological variation is constant across geography, time and population, imprecision is a very important factor in the quality of laboratory test results. We analyse this influence on various seminal parameters and observe that there is an amount of error that can be tolerated without invalidating the medical usefulness of seminal parameter determination. However, there is a maximum allowable analytical error above which the medical usefulness of seminal parameter results is invalidated. The level of performance required to facilitate clinical decision-making is termed quality specification. We comment on different strategies to define the maximum allowable analytical error.     

Quality assurance, standards and criteria in health education: a review.

The necessity for health-education program development and implementation to follow principles of quality assurance is discussed. Sound principles of health education practice need to be followed for delivery of quality health education services. The integration of health education and quality assurance in medical care is promoted as an example of activities that may be interdependent with greater relevance together than either approach alone. Examples of standards and criteria for health education are provided. A case is made for the promotion of quality assurance activities for health education practice.     

医药类专业本科物理课程的设置及目标与定位探讨

目的：探讨物理课程在高等医药类专业教育中的作用与地位。方法：对全国部分城市不同类别医院从业医务工作者进行调查，综合国际医学教育标准和我国现实医学教育以及医疗服务行业状况进行分析。结果：探讨了我国高等医药类专业教育中物理课程的设置及目标与定位问题，给出了明确的课程定位与设置标准。结论：现代医学高等教育不应忽视或淡化物理课程在医学人才培养中素质教育和专业水平提高的积极作用与基础地位，在有限的学时空间内合理安排基础性内容和与专业素质培养相关的应用内容。     

Application of QC_DR Software for Acceptance Testing and Routine Quality Control of Direct Digital Radiography Systems: Initial Experiences using the Italian Association of Physicist in Medicine Quality Control Protocol

Ideally, medical x-ray imaging systems should be designed to deliver maximum image quality at an acceptable radiation risk to the patient. Quality assurance procedures are employed to ensure that these standards are maintained. A quality control protocol for direct digital radiography (DDR) systems is described and discussed. Software to automatically process and analyze the required images was developed. In this paper, the initial results obtained on equipment of different DDR manufacturers were reported. The protocol was developed to highlight even small discrepancies in standard operating performance.     

我国医疗设备应用质量管理现状与相应措施的探讨

医疗水平的发展依靠医学工程技术,特别体现在医疗设备的广泛应用上,医疗设备的应用安全质量直接影响医疗质量。本文从影响设备安全质量因素、现存医疗设备质量管理体系缺陷两方面对我国医疗设备应用管理现状进行分析,并参考欧洲国家医疗设备质量管理先进经验探讨加强我国医疗设备质量控制的可行建议。     

门诊病历科学管理探讨

门诊病历的科学管理是医院现代化管理和建设和谐医患关系的一个重要标志。基于门诊病历的特点和书写规范的特殊性．门诊病历的科学管理在当前没有引起足够重视，使其成为被忽视和浪费的医疗资源。本文探讨了当前门诊病历的现状和存在的问题，提出了对门诊病历进行科学管理的对策和方法，同时对门诊病历”一本通”和门诊病历质量控制进行了讨论。科学地管理门诊病历，将会推动医院管理水平和医疗水平的提高，同时促进社会进步及和谐医患关系的发展。     

Image Quality Assurance of Soft Copy Display Systems

Image quality assurance has traditionally been a high priority in medical imaging departments. Recently, it has often been neglected with the transition from hard copy (film) to soft copy (computer) display systems, which could potentially result in difficulty in reading images or even misdiagnosis. This transition therefore requires careful management such that comparable image quality is achieved at a minimum. It is particularly difficult to maintain appropriate image quality in the clinical settings outside of medical imaging departments because of the volume of display systems and the financial restraints that prohibit the widespread use of dedicated computers and high-quality monitors. In this study, a protocol to test and calibrate display systems was developed and validated by using an inexpensive calibration tool. Using this protocol, monitors were identified in a hospital in which image quality was found to be inadequate for medical image viewing. It was also found that most monitors could achieve a substantial increase in image quality after calibration. For example, the 0 and 5% luminance difference was discernable on 30% of the piloted display systems before calibration, but it was discernable on 100% post calibration. In addition, about 50% of the piloted display systems did not have the maximum luminance (white level) suitably set, and 35% of them did not have the minimum luminance (dark level) suitably set. The results indicate that medical display systems must be carefully selected and strictly monitored, maintained, and calibrated to ensure adequate image quality.