IL-6基因单核苷酸多态性与系统性红斑狼疮的相关性研究

目的探讨白细胞介素（interleukin,IL）6单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）（rs1800796）与系统性红斑狼疮（systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE）的易感性。方法选取SLE患者666例作为病例组,年龄、性别匹配的569例正常人作为对照组,采用TaqMan基因分型技术检测rs1800796基因型频率。结果 Rs1800796 SNP的基因型（CC,CG和GG）频率和等位基因（C和G）频率在SLE患者和对照间差异均无统计学意义（均有P>0.05）。Rs1800796与SLE临床表现的关联性分析发现,C等位基因频率在伴有浆膜炎的SLE患者中低于不伴有浆膜炎的SLE患者（P=0.019）。但C等位基因频率的分布在是否表现有颧部红斑、盘状红斑、光敏感、口腔溃疡、关节炎及狼疮肾炎的SLE病人间差异均无统计学意义（均有P>0.05）。结论尚未发现IL-6rs1800796在中国汉族人群与SLE遗传易感性有关。Rs1800796 C等位基因可能对SLE病人并发浆膜炎起保护作用。     

IL-6基因单核苷酸多态性与系统性红斑狼疮的相关性研究

目的探讨白细胞介素（interleukin,IL）6单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）（rs1800796）与系统性红斑狼疮（systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE）的易感性。方法选取SLE患者666例作为病例组,年龄、性别匹配的569例正常人作为对照组,采用TaqMan基因分型技术检测rs1800796基因型频率。结果 Rs1800796 SNP的基因型（CC,CG和GG）频率和等位基因（C和G）频率在SLE患者和对照间差异均无统计学意义（均有P〉0.05）。Rs1800796与SLE临床表现的关联性分析发现,C等位基因频率在伴有浆膜炎的SLE患者中低于不伴有浆膜炎的SLE患者（P=0.019）。但C等位基因频率的分布在是否表现有颧部红斑、盘状红斑、光敏感、口腔溃疡、关节炎及狼疮肾炎的SLE病人间差异均无统计学意义（均有P〉0.05）。结论尚未发现IL-6rs1800796在中国汉族人群与SLE遗传易感性有关。Rs1800796 C等位基因可能对SLE病人并发浆膜炎起保护作用。     

Lnc5150基因多态性与系统性红斑狼疮的相关性研究

目的 探讨汉族人群中lnc5150（ENST00000425150）基因遗传多态性与系统性红斑狼疮（systemic lupus erythematous,SLE）易感性的关系。方法 采用病例对照设计,纳入658例SLE病例及843例健康对照,运用TaqMan分型技术进行基因分型,分析lnc5150 rs144047453和rs141561256基因型、等位基因频率、显隐性模型,同时分析两位点与临床症状的关系。结果 病例组和健康对照组rs144047453和rs141561256基因型分布在性别、年龄调整前后差异均无统计学意义,显隐性模型分析结果差异均无统计学意义（均有P>0.05）。按临床症状有无分亚组分析发现,rs141561256的AA、AG和GG三种基因型3及A、G两种等位基因在SLE伴狼疮肾炎（lupus nephritis,LN）者和不伴LN者中分布差异均有统计学意义（均有P<0.05）。结论 lnc5150 rs144047453和rs141561256多态性与SLE易感性无关,rs141561256基因多态性可能与SLE患者肾脏累及有关。     

二肽基肽酶9基因单核苷酸多态性与煤工尘肺的相关性

目的探讨二肽基肽酶9基因(DPP9)rs12610495位点单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与唐山地区汉族人群煤工尘肺(CWP)的相关性。方法采用基质辅助激光解吸电离子飞行时间质谱技术(MALDI-TOF MS)对652例CWP患者和648例接尘健康对照者DPP9基因的rs12610495位点分型,采用PLink 1.07软件对SNP位点基因型和等位基因频率及遗传模型进行分析。结果与对照组比较,CWP组DPP9基因rs12610495位点的基因型和等位基因频率均无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.731、0.565,P0.05)。遗传模型分析显示,DPP9基因rs12610495位点在相加、显性及隐性三种遗传模型下的基因型分布比较,差异均无统计学意义(OR=1.087、0.987、1.964,95%CI=0.870~1.358、0.659~1.478、0.527~7.314,P均0.05)。结论 DPP9基因rs12610495位点单核苷酸多态性可能与唐山地区汉族人群CWP的易感性无关。     

IL-4基因多态性与HBV遗传易感性的研究

目的 探讨白介素4(interleukin-4,IL-4)基因的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)与皖汉族人群乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)遗传易感性的关系.方法 采用病例对照研究,501位慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)患者和301位急性自限性HBV感染者分别组成病例组和对照组;采用多重单碱基延伸SNP分型技术(Multiplex SNaPshot),检测两组人群的IL-4基因rs2227284G/T、rs2243283C/G和rs2243288A/G 3个标签SNPs位点的单核苷酸多态性,分析两组间的等位基因频率、单体型频率、基因型是否存在统计学差异.结果 IL-4基因3个多态位点的基因型频率在两组间差异均无统计学意义(均有P＞0.05);IL-4基因3个态位点最小等位基因及其频率在两组间差异均无统计学意义(均有P ＞0.05);4个单体型GCA、TCA、TCG及TGG两组间差异均无统计学意义(均有P＞0.05).结论 皖汉族人群中IL-4基因的3个tagSNPs(rs2227284,rs2243283和rs2243288)位点的基因多态性与HBV感染的基因易感性可能无相关性.     

IL-10、TLR9基因多态性与儿童EB病毒感染的关联

目的 探究白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、Toll样受体9(TLR9)基因多态性与儿童EB病毒(EBV)感染的关联。方法 选择2018年5月-2019年4月华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院收治的EBV感染患儿368例,其中EBV感染所致传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)128例(IM组)、单纯性EBV感染240例(单纯性EBV组),并选择同期未感染EBV的健康儿童100名为对照组,应用聚合酶链式扩增反应检测所有儿童外周血中IL-10基因(rs1800896、rs1800871、rs1800872位点)、TLR9基因(rs187084、rs352139、rs1352140位点)的基因多态性,分析各单核苷酸多态性(SNP)的基因型频率、等位基因频率在三组儿童中的分布差异。结果 三组儿童IL-10、TLR9基因共6个位点均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P>0.05);IL-10-rs1800896、IL-10-rs1800871、IL-10-rs1800872位点和TLR9-rs187084、TLR9-rs352139、TLR9-rs1352140位点各基因型及等位基因分布在IM组...     

张家口地区白细胞介素-28B基因单核苷酸多态性与肝细胞癌的相关性研究

目的 探讨白细胞介素-28B（IL-28B）基因rs12979860位点单核苷酸多态性与张家口居民肝细胞癌遗传易感性的关联及与环境因素间的交互作用。方法 采用以医院为基础1[DK]∶1配比病例对照研究方法,选取肝细胞癌患者218例作为观察组,同期健康体检者218例作为对照组,应用改良多重高温连接酶检测反应技术检测两组IL-28B基因rs12979860位点单核苷酸多态性。采用二分类logistic回归模型分析IL-28B基因rs12979860位点单核苷酸多态性与肝细胞癌遗传易感性的关系,并探究rs12979860位点单核苷酸多态性与环境因素的交互作用对肝细胞癌发病影响。结果 对照组与观察组间IL-28B基因rs12979860位点基因型分布差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。IL-28B基因rs12979860位点T等位基因可增加肝细胞癌发病风险（P<0.05）。分层分析发现,在饮酒、乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）及丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染人群中rs12979860位点TT基因型相比TC+CC基因型,肝细胞癌发病风险升高,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。交互作用分析示,IL-28B基因rs12979860位点单核苷酸多态性与饮酒、HBV及HCV感染均存在正交互作用。结论 在张家口地区,IL-28B基因rs12979860位点单核苷酸多态性与肝细胞癌遗传易感性明显相关,并与饮酒、HBV及HCV感染存在正交互作用,可增加肝细胞癌发病风险。     

ATG5和ATG7基因多态性与儿童精神发育迟滞的相关性分析

目的探讨精神发育迟滞(MR)患者自噬相关基因与(ATG5)和ATG7基因多态性,并分析其与MR发生的相关性。方法选取2015年2月-2017年2月宁波大学医学院附属鄞州医院确诊的宁波地区MR患儿264例为研究组,选取同时间进行体检的正常儿童200例作为对照组;提取各受试者外周血基因组DNA,选取ATG5的SNP位点有:rs6568431、rs2299863、rs573775、rs510432及rs3804338; ATG7的SNP位点有:rs346078、rs1470612、rs11706903、rs2606750、rs2594972及rs4684787;获取目的基因序列,利用荧光探针检测SNP位点多态性。结果对照组ATG5基因和ATG7基因SNP位点基因型分布符合HWE分布,差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05); ATG5基因的SNP位点中,rs6568431的等位基因频率和基因型频率在MR组和对照组中差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05),其他位点差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05)。ATG7基因的SNP位点中,rs1470612和rs2594972的等位基因频率和基因型频率在MR组和对照组中差异显著(P<0. 05),其他位点无显著差异(P>0. 05)。MR组患者ATG5基因的rs6568431和rs510432位点以及ATG7基因的rs1470612和rs2594972位点的基因型频率存在HWE偏离(P<0. 05); ATG5的SNP位点间均存在较高的连锁不平衡(D1> 0. 8),ATG7的SNP位点间均存在较高的连锁不平衡,差异有统计学意义(D1> 0. 8);ATG5基因构建的单倍型中,CTC和ATC单倍型是MR发病危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05); ATG7基因SNP构建单倍型中,TGT单倍型是MR发病危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。结论 MR患者ATG7和ATG5基因多态性可能与MR发病有关。     

Resistin基因多态性对早产儿坏死性小肠结肠炎易感性的影响

目的探讨抵抗素(Resistin)基因多态性与新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)易感性的关系,为临床更好的诊断、治疗及减少后遗症提供参考。方法入选胎龄37周的NEC患儿29例为研究对象,并以1∶1. 2的比例选取同期住院的普通早产儿35例作对照组,所有纳入者均为汉族。采用聚合酶链式反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR)直接测序法分析Resistin基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点rs1862513、rs7408174和rs3219175多态性。结果与对照组相比,NEC组Resistin基因SNP位点rs1862513的基因型GG、CG、CC及C/G等位基因频率的比较差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05),而NEC组Resistin基因SNP位点rs7408174和rs3219175位点的基因型与等位基因频率的比较差异均无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论 Resistin基因SNP位点rs1862513多态性与NEC是相关联的,但需要更大规模的、多中心的临床研究进一步验证。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病易感性与中国汉族人白细胞介素-13基因多态性的关联研究

目的 探讨中国人白细胞介素(IL)-13基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)易感性的关系。方法 应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)分析及PCR-单链构像多态性分析(SSCP)方法,检测94名健康吸烟者和88例吸烟COPD患者IL-13基因启动子1103C/T、4257G/A、4738G/A SNP位点基因型分布情况;用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血浆IL-13水平。结果 COPD组与对照组4257G/A、4738G/A位点基因型分布频率和等位基因频率差异无显著性(P>0.1);对照组1103C/T位点CC基因型频率及C等位基因频率高于COPD组(P<0.05),C等位基因相对于T等位基因患COPD的机会比为0.56(95％CI:0.34～0.91)。血浆IL-13浓度与4257G/A及4738G/A位点基因型无关(P>0.1),1103CC基因型携带者血浆IL-13水平显著低于另外两种基因型携带者(P<0.05)。结论 中国人IL-13基因1103C/T位点基因型与COPD易感性有关,1103CC基因型携带者血浆IL-13水平相对较低,COPD易感性低。     

Investigation and Control of Anthrax Outbreak at the Human–Animal Interface,Bhutan, 2010

In 2010, we investigated anthrax outbreak in Bhutan. A total of 43 domestic animals died, and cutaneous anthrax developed in 9 persons, and 1 died. All affected persons had contact with the carcasses of infected animals. Comprehensive preparedness and response guidelines are needed to increase public awareness of anthrax in Bhutan.     

Risk for Travel-associated Legionnaires’ Disease,Europe, 2009

Legionnaires’ disease is underreported in Europe; notification rates differ substantially among countries. Approximately 20% of reported cases are travel-associated. To assess the risk for travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease (TALD) associated with travel patterns in European countries, we retrieved TALD surveillance data for 2009 from the European Surveillance System, and tourism denominator data from the Statistical Office of the European Union. Risk (number cases reported/number nights spent) was calculated by travel country. In 2009, the network reported 607 cases among European travelers, possibly associated with 825 accommodation sites in European Union countries. The overall risk associated with travel abroad was 0.3 cases/million nights. We observed an increasing trend in risk from northwestern to southeastern Europe; Greece had the highest risk (1.7). Our findings underscore the need for countries with high TALD risks to improve prevention and control of legionellosis; and for countries with high TALD risks, but low notification rates of Legionnaires’ disease to improve diagnostics and reporting.     

Travel-associated Diseases,Indian Ocean Islands, 1997–2010

Data collected by the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network for 1,415 ill travelers returning from Indian Ocean islands during 1997–2010 were analyzed. Malaria (from Comoros and Madagascar), acute nonparasitic diarrhea, and parasitoses were the most frequently diagnosed infectious diseases. An increase in arboviral diseases reflected the 2005 outbreak of chikungunya fever.     

Haemophilus ducreyi Associated with Skin Ulcers among Children,Solomon Islands

During a survey of yaws prevalence in the Solomon Islands, we collected samples from skin ulcers of 41 children. Using PCR, we identified Haemophilus ducreyi infection in 13 (32%) children. PCR-positive and PCR-negative ulcers were phenotypically indistinguishable. Emergence of H. ducreyi as a cause of nongenital ulcers may affect the World Health Organization’s yaws eradication program.     

Dengue Virus Transmission by Blood Stem Cell Donor after Travel to Sri Lanka; Germany, 2013

Three days after donation of peripheral blood stem cells to a recipient with acute myeloblastic leukemia, dengue virus was detected in the donor, who had recently traveled to Sri Lanka. Transmission to the recipient, who died 9 days after transplant, was confirmed.     

Long-Term Survival Among Histological Subtypes in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Population-Based Study Using the Surveillance,Epidemiology, and End Results Database

BackgroundActual long-term survival rates for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are rarely reported.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the role of histological subtypes in predicting the prognosis among long-term survivors (≥5 years) of advanced EOC.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of data among patients with stage III-IV EOC diagnosed from 2000 to 2014 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer data of the United States. We used the chi-square test, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for the analyses.ResultsWe included 8050 patients in this study, including 6929 (86.1%), 743 (9.2%), 237 (2.9%), and 141 (1.8%) patients with serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous tumors, respectively. With a median follow-up of 91 months, the most common cause of death was primary ovarian cancer (80.3%), followed by other cancers (8.1%), other causes of death (7.3%), cardiac-related death (3.2%), and nonmalignant pulmonary disease (3.2%). Patients with the serous subtype were more likely to die from primary ovarian cancer, and patients with the mucinous subtype were more likely to die from other cancers and cardiac-related disease. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that patients with endometrioid (hazard ratio [HR] 0.534, P<.001), mucinous (HR 0.454, P<.001), and clear cell (HR 0.563, P<.001) subtypes showed better ovarian cancer-specific survival than those with the serous subtype. Similar results were found regarding overall survival. However, ovarian cancer–specific survival and overall survival were comparable among those with endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous tumors.ConclusionsOvarian cancer remains the primary cause of death in long-term ovarian cancer survivors. Moreover, the probability of death was significantly different among those with different histological subtypes. It is important for clinicians to individualize the surveillance program for long-term ovarian cancer survivors.     

Outbreak of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin–Associated Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Infection in a Rugby Team,France, 2010–2011

Staphylococcus aureus strains that produce Panton-Valentine leukocidin are known to cause community infections. We describe an outbreak of skin abscesses caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin–producing methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (clonal complex 121) in a professional rugby team in France during July 2010–February 2011. Eight team members were carriers; 7 had skin abscesses.     

大龄单身女性寻求生育力保存的伦理问题探析

近年来,在肿瘤和卵巢相关疾病发生率逐年增加、不少大龄单身女性渴望为自己购买一份“生殖保险”等社会及个人因素催化下,人类对于生育力保存的需求急剧增加,满足这一需求正在或将成为重大挑战。对于寻求进行生育力保存的大龄单身女性来说,在合适的年龄应用玻璃化冷冻技术将其卵母细胞冻存是目前可采用的最佳生育力保存手段。而单身女性卵子冷冻将面临来自伦理道德、社会乃至法律的巨大挑战。本文概述国内外大龄单身女性卵子冷冻的现状,并对其可能涉及的相关伦理问题及解决途径进行综述,以促进理性正视单身女性卵子冷冻问题。     

Dihydropteroate synthase gene mutations in Pneumocystis and sulfa resistance

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) remains a major cause of illness and death in HIV-infected persons. Sulfa drugs, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and dapsone are mainstays of PCP treatment and prophylaxis. While prophylaxis has reduced the incidence of PCP, its use has raised concerns about development of resistant organisms. The inability to culture human Pneumocystis, Pneumocystis jirovecii, in a standardized culture system prevents routine susceptibility testing and detection of drug resistance. In other microorganisms, sulfa drug resistance has resulted from specific point mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene. Similar mutations have been observed in P. jirovecii. Studies have consistently demonstrated a significant association between the use of sulfa drugs for PCP prophylaxis and DHPS gene mutations. Whether these mutations confer resistance to TMP-SMX or dapsone plus trimethoprim for PCP treatment remains unclear. We review studies of DHPS mutations in P. jirovecii and summarize the evidence for resistance to sulfamethoxazole and dapsone.