Glutamine supplementation enhances mucosal immunity in rats with Gut-Derived sepsis

OBJECTIVE: Supplemental glutamine (Gln) has been demonstrated to improve the immunologic response and reduce mortality in rodents with sepsis. However, the effects of Gln on gut-associated lymphoid tissue function after infection and sepsis are not clear. We investigated the effects of Gln-supplemented diets before sepsis, Gln-enriched total parenteral nutrition (TPN) after sepsis, or both on the intestinal immunity in rats with gut-derived sepsis. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were assigned to control and four experimental groups. The control and experimental groups 1 and 2 were fed a semi-purified diet; in experimental groups 3 and 4, part of the casein in the diets was replaced with Gln. After feeding rats the respective diets for 10 d, sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in the experimental groups, whereas the control group underwent a sham operation; at the same time, the internal jugular vein of all rats was cannulated. All rats were maintained on TPN for 3 d. The control group and groups 1 and 3 were infused with conventional TPN, and groups 2 and 4 were given a TPN solution supplemented with Gln, which provided 25% of total amino acid nitrogen. All rats were killed 3 d after the sham operation or CLP. Intestinal immunoglobin A levels, total lymphocyte yields, and lymphocyte subpopulations in Peyer's patches were analyzed. RESULTS: Total Peyer's patch lymphocyte numbers were significantly higher in the Gln-supplemented groups than in the control group. Distributions of CD3+ and CD4+ in group 1 were significantly lower than those in the control group, whereas no differences were observed among the control and Gln-supplemented groups. Plasma immunoglobulin A levels were higher in the Gln-supplemented groups than the control group and group 1. Intestinal immunoglobulin A levels were significantly higher in groups 2 and 4 than in the control group and group 1. CONCLUSIONS: Preventive use of a Gln-supplemented enteral diet before CLP or intravenous Gln supplementation after CLP have similar effects in promoting proliferation of total lymphocyte in gut-associated lymphoid tissue, enhancing IgA secretion, and maintaining T-lymphocyte populations in Peyer's patches. Gln administered before and after CLP did not seem to have a synergistic effect on enhancing mucosal immunity in rats with gut-derived sepsis.     

Effects of glutamine supplementation on innate immune response in rats with gut-derived sepsis

The present study examined the effect of glutamine (Gln)-enriched diets before sepsis or Gln-containing total parenteral nutrition (TPN) after sepsis, or both, on the phagocytic activity and blood lymphocyte subpopulation in rats with gut-derived sepsis. Rats were assigned to a control group or one of four experimental groups. The control group and groups 1 and 2 were fed a semipurified diet; groups 3 and 4 had part of casein replaced by Gln. After feeding the diets for 10 d, sepsis was induced by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP); TPN was maintained for 3 d after CLP. The control group and groups 1 and 3 were infused with conventional TPN and groups 2 and 4 were supplemented with Gln in the TPN solution. All rats were killed 3 d after CLP or sham operation to examine their immune responses. The results showed that compared with the control group, the phagocytic activities of peritoneal macrophages were enhanced in groups 3 and 4, but not in groups 1 and 2. The proportion of CD3+ cells in group 1 was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of the control group, whereas no differences were observed among the control and Gln-supplemented groups. The CD4+ cell proportion was significantly lower (P<0.05) in group 1 compared with the control group and groups 3 and 4. These findings suggest that Gln-enriched diets before CLP significantly enhanced peritoneal macrophage phagocytic activity, preserved CD4+ cells and maintained blood total T lymphocytes in gut-derived sepsis. However, parenteral Gln administration after caecal ligation and puncture had no favourable effects on modulating immune response in septic rats.     

L-arginine-enriched parenteral nutrition affects lymphocyte phenotypes of gut-associated lymphoid tissue

BACKGROUND: Experimentally, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) diminishes gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) cell numbers and function. Although glutamine supplementation is known to reverse TPN-induced changes in GALT, effects of another conditionally essential amino acid, L-arginine (ARG), on GALT remain unclear. METHODS: Twenty-two male Institute of Cancer Research mice were randomized to standard TPN (0.3% arginine, STD-total parenteral nutrition) or 1% ARG-enriched TPN (ARG-total parenteral nutrition). After 5 days of feeding, lymphocytes were harvested from Peyer's patches (PP), the lamina propria, and intraepithelial (IE) spaces of the small intestine to determine cell yields. Lymphocyte phenotypes (alphabetaTCR, gammadeltaTCR, CD4, CD8, and B220 as a B cell marker) were determined using flow cytometry. IgA levels in washings of the small intestine, upper respiratory tract, and lungs were measured with ELISA. RESULTS: ARG-total parenteral nutrition did not affect lymphocyte yields. The percentages of CD4+ cells in PP and IE, and alphabetaTCR+ cells in PP, were significantly higher in the ARG-total parenteral nutrition than in the STD-total parenteral nutrition mice, without marked differences in other phenotypes examined. There were no significant differences in intestinal and respiratory tract IgA levels between the 2 groups of mice. CONCLUSIONS: One percent ARG supplementation of TPN does not improve GALT cell number or mucosal IgA level but benefits to increase CD4+ cell percentages in GALT.     

谷氨酰胺强化的肠外营养对肠瘘病人腔静脉导管感染的影响

目的:观察谷氨酰胺(Gln)强化的肠外营养(PN)对肠瘘病人腔静脉导管感染(CRI)的发生率及细菌谱的影响.方法:对2002年10月至2003年12月该院收治的使用腔静脉导管进行PN的肠瘘病人进行前瞻、随机研究.对照组接受常规全肠外营养(TPN),Gln组在常规TPN中加入力肽100ml.结果:117例肠瘘病人,共进行139次腔静脉置管.对照组71例病人共进行84次腔静脉置管,细菌定植的发生率为26.2%,导管相关性血行感染(CRBSI)的发生率为6.0%.Gln组46例病人共进行55次腔静脉置管,细菌定植的发生率为12.7%,CR-BSI为1.8%.Gln组和对照组病人革兰阴性细菌感染的发生率分别为3.6%与16.7%,二者有显著性差异(P=0.037).结论:Gln强化的PN可以减少肠瘘病人CRI的发生,尤其是来源于肠道的革兰阴性菌的感染.     

早期全肠外营养及肠内、外混合营养对神经外科危重患者免疫功能的影响

目的探讨早期给予全肠外营养（TPN）及肠内营养（EN）、肠外营养（PN）混合支持对神经外科危重患者免疫功能的影响。方法采用前瞻性对照研究将神经外科危重患者按入院顺序随机分为TPN组及EN＋PN组,并对比营养支持前后两组CD3、CD4、CD8、CD4／CD8、CD3／CD25、IgA、IgG、IgM、血清白蛋白的变化。结果给予神经外科危重患者两种营养支持均可提高其CD3、CD4、CD8及CD3＋／CD25＋比值（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;两种营养支持方式均可显著升高IgA、IgG、IgM、（P〈0．05）及血清白蛋白浓度（P〈0．01）。与TPN组比较,EN＋PN组CD3、CD4、CD8、CD4／CD8比值、IgA、IgG、IgM浓度及血清白蛋白水平均显著升高（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。结论早期TPN及EN＋PN支持均可促进神经外科危重患者免疫功能的恢复及提高,EN＋PN的作用优于TPN,对于神经外科危重患者应早期给予营养支持治疗。     

老年食管贲门癌术后早期肠内营养与肠外营养疗效的对比研究

目的:探讨术后早期肠内营养(EEN)在老年食管贲门癌病人中的临床价值。方法:将102例老年食管贲门癌病人随机分为术后EEN组51例,全肠外营养(TPN)组51例,分别在术前和术后第8天测定病人的体重、血清清蛋白(ALB)、前清蛋白(PA)、总胆红素(TBIL)和谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)等,观察肛门排气时间、并发症发生率和治疗费用情况。结果:术后第8天,EEN组病人的体重下降明显少于TPN组(P0.05),血清PA水平高于TPN组(P0.05),TBIL、GGT指标低于TPN组(P0.05),肛门排气时间短于TPN组(P0.05),术后营养相关费用和术后非营养治疗费用少于TPN组,平均住院时间短于TPN组(P0.05)。结论:老年食管贲门癌病人术后EEN对肝功能影响小,在改善营养状况、促进胃肠功能恢复、减少感染并发症和降低治疗费用方面明显优于TPN。     

谷氨酰胺对危重患者免疫功能影响的随机对照研究

目的探讨危重患者补充谷氨酰胺(Gln)的肠外营养和标准肠外营养比较能否改善免疫功能。方法将60例外科危重患者随机分为实验组和对照组,每组30例,其中实验组由于Gln应用时间不够以及病情变化突然死亡等原因剔除5例。实验组给予强化Gln的全肠外营养支持,对照组为标准全肠外营养支持,两组等热等氮供给。检测治疗前、后血浆总蛋白、白蛋白、血红蛋白浓度,外周血IgA、IgG、IgM、总淋巴细胞数及T细胞亚群CD3、CD4百分率及CD4/CD8比值。结果实验组的总淋巴细胞数、IgG、CD4百分率和CD4/CD8比值均高于营养支持前及对照组(P<0.05)。结论强化Gln的肠外营养支持能改善外科危重患者机体的免疫功能,促进患者的康复,为危重患者有效的营养支持治疗提供临床研究依据。     

三腔喂养管在胃癌术后病人早期肠内营养的应用

目的:观察胃癌术后病人应用三腔喂养管早期肠内营养(EEN)的可行性和安全性。方法:将90例胃癌病人分为观察组和对照组。对照组(n=30)术后应用全肠外营养(TPN),观察组(n=60)术后早期应用EN,观察病人术后血清清蛋白(ALB)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)水平和病人肠鸣音恢复时间、术后肛门排气时间、并发症的发生率等变化。结果:观察组病人术后ALB、IgA明显高于对照组;术后肠蠕动恢复和肛门排气时间均早于对照组,并发症的发生率无显著性差异。结论:术后应用三腔喂养管行EEN有助于改善胃癌病人的营养状况和胃肠道免疫功能。     

谷氨酰胺对肿瘤病人术后营养状况及免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨谷氨酰胺对肿瘤病人术后营养状况及免疫功能的影响。方法 20例胃肠道肿瘤病人术后随机分为常规TPN组（对照组）10例和TPN＋Gln组（研究组）10例，治疗8天，观察血清前白蛋白、血清转铁蛋白、氮平衡变化。并检查其前后外周血IgG、IgM、IgA、C3、C4的变化。结果 （1）两组病人负氮平衡改善，研究组与对照组比较差异明显（P＜0．01）。两组病人血清蛋白均上升，研究组回升更明显，与对照组比较具有显差异（P＜0．01）。（2）研究组外周血IgG、IgM、IgA明显升高，与对照组比较差异显（P＜0．05）。研究组C3、C4明显升高与对照组比较差异显（P＜0．05）。结论 谷氨酰胺改善了肿瘤术后病人的营养状况，提高了免疫功能。     

Total parenteral nutrition delays platelet engraftment in patients who undergo autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

OBJECTIVES: One of the major challenges in the post-transplant period is nutrition. In this prospective, non-randomized study, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was given to 31 patients and partial parenteral nutrition (PPN) was given to 30 patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for solid tumors or hematologic malignancies to compare the effects of these parenteral nutrition modalities on post-transplant hematological engraftment, blood chemistry, and supportive therapy requirements. METHODS: All patients in the TPN group and 17 patients in the PPN group received growth factor in the post-transplant period. Both groups did not differ with respect to sex, age, and reinfused CD34(+) cell numbers. RESULTS: After transplantation body mass index and body weight decreased significantly in both groups (P < 0.001). Whereas serum albumin concentrations did not decrease significantly in the TPN group, it fell markedly in the PPN group at the end of parenteral nutrition (P = 0.019). After parenteral nutrition, blood chemistry was also remarkable for serum urea and glucose levels, which were elevated significantly in the TPN group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.03, respectively). Patients receiving TPN had a higher incidence of positive microbial cultures and clinical infection than did patients receiving PPN (64.5% versus 40%, P = 0.05). The most striking result was a delay in platelet engraftment for the TPN group compared with the PPN group (15.54 and 12.93 d, respectively; P = 0.014). This difference was also noted in patients using growth factor in the PPN group (P = 0.017). Parallel to these results, platelet transfusion requirement increased in the TPN group compared with the PPN group (1.93 versus 1.16 U, P = 0.004). Both groups were unremarkable for leukocyte recovery and red blood cell transfusion requirement. CONCLUSIONS: Consequently, TPN has some pitfalls of hyperglycemia, infection tendency, delayed platelet engraftment, and increased platelet transfusion requirement. Therefore, it should not be used as a standard nutrition support for patients undergoing autotransplantation.     

L-alanyl-L-glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition decreases infectious morbidity rate in patients with severe acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND: The effect of parenteral GLN on recovery from severe acute pancreatitis has not been thoroughly investigated. The aims of this study were to determine whether parenteral GLN improves nutrition status and immune function, and to determine its ability to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with this condition. METHODS: In a randomized clinical trial, 44 patients with severe acute pancreatitis were randomly assigned to receive either standard PN (n = 22) or l-alanyl-l-glutamine-supplemented PN (n = 22) after hospital admission. Nitrogen balance, counts of leukocytes, total lymphocytes, and CD4 and CD8 subpopulations, and serum levels of immunoglobulin A, total protein, albumin, C-reactive protein, and serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 were measured on days 0, 5, and 10. Hospital stay, infectious morbidity, and mortality were also evaluated. RESULTS: Demographics, laboratory characteristics, and pancreatitis etiology and severity at entry to the study were similar between groups. The study group exhibited significant increases in serum IL-10 levels, total lymphocyte and lymphocyte subpopulation counts, and albumin serum levels. Nitrogen balance also improved to positive levels in the study group and remained negative in the control group. Infectious morbidity was more frequent in the control group than in the study group. The duration of hospital stay was similar between groups, as was mortality. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that treatment of patients with GLN-supplemented PN may decrease infectious morbidity rate compared with those who treated with nonenriched PN.     

重症急性胰腺炎早期肠内营养支持

目的 探讨早期肠内营养在重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)治疗中的安全性和有效性.方法 回顾性分析71例SAP患者临床资料,经综合治疗观察患者血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、TNF-α、CD4/CD8、IgG水平.随机分为肠内营养组(EN组,36例)和全肠外营养组(11PN组,35例).结果 EN组治疗后14 d患者血清CD4/CD8及IgC水平比TPN组明显升高(P＜0.05);EN组治疗后7、14 d时TNF-α水平与治疗前比较明显下降(P＜0.05),且与TPN组比较明显减少(P＜0.05);EN组治疗后血清前白蛋白水平较治疗前明显增高(P＜0.05),且与TPN组比较亦有显著性增高(P＜0.05).结论 早期肠内营养对SAP治疗是安全、有效的,可提高血清前白蛋白水平,改善其营养状况,增强肠道黏膜屏障,抑制炎性因子释放,增强患者的免疫功能,改善SAP的预后.     

危重症病人营养支持对免疫功能影响的临床研究

目的:探讨肠外 肠内营养(PN EN)与全肠外营养(TPN)支持,对危重症病人免疫功能的影响.方法:将40例危重症病人按就诊顺序分为两组,每组20例.试验组接受PN EN,对照组接受TPN,两组等氮、等热量供给.于治疗前、后检测血浆总蛋白、清蛋白、血红蛋白和转铁蛋白浓度,外周血IgA、IgG、IgM、淋巴细胞总数(TLC)及T细胞亚群CD3、CD4百分率和CD4/CD8比值.结果:试验组TLC和IgG与对照组相比,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05);CD4和CD4/CD8比值也有升高(P＜0.05);其余指标无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论:PN EN较TPN更能改善危重症病人的免疫功能.     

胃肠癌术后肠外营养支持加精氨酸强化对机体免疫功能的影响

目的：观察胃肠癌术后肠外营养支持加精氨酸强化对机体免疫功能的影响。方法：选择胃肠癌行根治术后病人40例，随机分为试验组和对照组。试验组采用精氨酸强化肠外营养支持，对照组应用常规的肠外营养支持。分别在术前、术后第1天及第8天检测IgG、IgA、IgM、T细胞亚群、NK细胞活性和IL－2的改变。结果：胃肠癌病人术前均有不同程度的免疫功能低下，术后第1天IgG,IgA,IgM,CD4^ ,CD4^ ,CD4^ /CD8^ ，NK细胞活性IL－2均较术前显著下降，术后第8天试验组上述指标迅速恢复，并超过术前水平，与对照组相比差异显著（P＜0．01）。结论：精氨酸强化肠外营养对胃肠癌病人后免疫功能具有明显的增强作用。     

消化道恶性肿瘤术后早期肠内与肠外营养治疗的比较

目的探讨消化道恶性肿瘤术后早期肠内营养(EEN) 肠外营养(PN)可行性,并将其与完全胃肠外营养(TPN)对患者营养状况和免疫功能的影响进行比较。方法将2001年10月～2003年3月在本院普外科行择期消化道恶性肿瘤手术患者随机分为EEN PN组(22例)和TPN组(24例),于术后24h开始营养治疗,他们在获得能量与氮量方面差异无显著性。术前、术后第1、3、7天测定血前白蛋白(PA)、白蛋白(ALB)和血色素(Hb)水平;术前、术后第7天测定血IgA、IgG、IgM、T淋巴细胞亚群CD3、CD4、CD8及CD4/CD8水平;术后第1～7天每日测定氮平衡(NB)。比较两组上述指标在术后的差异。结果两组间在术前、术后第1、3、7天测定的血PA、ALB、Hb及术后第1～7天测定的NB比较,差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。术后第7天EEN PN组CD3、CD4水平明显高于TPN组(P<0.05熏P<0.01),而两组在CD8及CD4/CD8的差异无显著性(P>0.05)。术后第7天EEN PN组IgM明显高于TPN组(P<0.05),而两组在IgA、IgG的差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论EEN PN是腹部术后安全有效的营养途径。由于EEN PN在改善免疫功能方面明显优于TPN,因此它应成为消化道肿瘤患者术后首选的营养方式。     

急性胰腺炎的全肠外营养与生长抑素治疗

目的 :观察在禁食、胃肠减压和预防感染的基础上 ,加用生长抑素和全肠外营养对胰腺炎非手术治疗的影响。　方法 :将 1990年 1月至 1994年 12月底收治的急性胰腺炎 2 6例 ,归为A组。自 1995年以来收治的急性胰腺炎 2 8例 ,归为B组。两组胰腺炎的病因和严重程度无明显差别。B组病人采用全肠外营养支持和生长抑素治疗。　结果 :A组病人入院时血清白蛋白为 (30 .0± 1.2 ) g/L ,治疗 15天后 ,白蛋白仍在 (30 .4± 0 .8) g/L。B组病人于入院后即行全肠外营养支持 ,时间为 (17± 6 )天 ,施他宁使用时间为 (7± 2 )天。其血清白蛋白入院时为 (2 9.0±1.3)g/L ,治疗 15天后 ,白蛋白上升至 (35 .7± 0 .9) g/L ,明显高于入院时 (P <0 .0 1)。B组病人的病死率及住院日、中转手术率、淀粉酶的恢复天数较A组病人有明显改善 ,并发症发生率明显减少。　结论 :在急性胰腺炎非手术治疗原则的基础上 ,通过加用全肠外营养和生长抑素可最大程度地抑制胰腺的分泌 ,改善病人的营养状态 ,减少并发症的发生率与病死率 ,缩短住院时间。     

Effects of arginine supplementation on mucosal immunity in rats with septic peritonitis

BACKGROUND: Supplemental Arginine (Arg) has been demonstrated to improve the immunologic response and reduce mortality in rodents with sepsis. However, the effects of Arg on gut-associated lymphoid tissue function after infection and sepsis are not clear. The aim of this study was to study the effect of Arg-supplemented diets before and Arg-enriched total parenteral nutrition (TPN) after sepsis or both on the intestinal immunity of rats with septic peritonitis. METHODS: Rats were assigned to four groups. Groups 1 and 2 were fed a semipurified diet, while in the diets of groups 3 and 4, part of the casein was replaced with Arg. After feeding the experimental diets for 10 days, sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP); at the same time, the internal jugular vein was cannulated. All rats were maintained on TPN for 3 days. Groups 1 and 3 were infused with conventional TPN, while groups 2 and 4 were given a TPN solution supplemented with Arg, which replaced 10% of the total amino acids. All rats were sacrificed 3 days after CLP. Intestinal immunoglobin (Ig) A levels, total lymphocyte yields, and lymphocyte subpopulations in Peyer's patches were analyzed. In vitro cytokine secretion by splenocytes and Peyer's patch lymphocytes were also measured. RESULTS: Total lymphocyte yields in Peyer's patches, and small intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion in group 4 were significantly higher than the groups 1 and 2. No differences were observed between groups 3 and 4. There were no differences in the interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon- gamma levels among all groups when splenocytes were stimulated with mitogen. However, in vitro splenocyte IL-10 production in group 4 was significantly higher than those of groups 1 and 2, and had no difference from group 3. There were no differences in the ratios of B and T lymphocyte subpopulations in Peyer's patches among all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Enteral Arg supplementation before sepsis tended to enhance total lymphocyte yields in Peyer's patches and intestinal IgA secretion. Arg administered both before and after CLP had a synergistic effect on improving intestinal immunity, possibly by enhancing systemic IL-10 secretion. However, intravenous Arg administration after CLP had no favorable effects on mucosal immunity in rats with septic peritonitis.     

破伤风病人全肠外营养辅助治疗的临床价值

目的:初步评价破伤风病人全肠外营养(TPN)辅助治疗的临床价值. 方法:对13例破伤风病人给予TPN治疗,观察其对营养指标以及预后的影响,并与未用TPN治疗的病人进行比较. 结果:TPN组在营养支持后血清清蛋白、血红蛋白、外周血淋巴细胞总数均高于非TPN组;TPN组肺部感染和难以控制的呼吸性酸中毒等并发症发生率低于非TPN组;TPN组病死率明显低于非TPN组. 结论:TPN辅助治疗可以改善破伤风病人营养指标,明显改善破伤风病人的预后.     

Effects of glutamine-enriched total parenteral nutrition on acute pancreatitis

AIM: This study was performed to determine the effects of glutamine enriched total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on the patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). METHOD: Forty patients with AP, who had Ranson's score between 2 and 4 received either standard TPN (control group) or TPN with glutamine (treatment group). The patients in the treatment group received TPN containing 0.3 g/kg/days glutamine. At the end of the study, patients were evaluated for nutritional and inflammatory parameters, length of TPN and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: The length of TPN applications were 10.5+/-3.6 days and 11.6+/-2.5 days, and the length of hospital stays were 14.2+/-4.4 and 16.4+/-3.9 days for the treatment and control groups (NS), and the complication rates in the treatment and control groups were 10 and 40%, respectively (P<0.05). The transferrin level increased by 11.7% in the group that received glutamine-enriched TPN (P<0.05), whereas the transferrin level decreased by 12.1% in the control group (NS). At the end of the study, slight but not significant changes were determined in both groups in fasting blood sugar, albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, total cholesterol concentrations, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, leukocytes, CD(4), CD(8), serum Zn, Ca and P levels compare to the baseline levels (NS). Significant decreases were determined in serum lipase, amylase activities and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in both groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study have shown that glutamine supplementation to TPN have beneficial effects on the prevention of complications in patients with AP.     

早期肠内营养对改善ICU病房机械通气患者营养状态及预后的临床作用分析

[目的]探讨早期肠内营养对改善ICU病房机械通气患者营养状态及预后的临床作用。[方法]我院ICU经治的各种原因引起呼吸衰竭而接受机械通气的危重患者56例,根据患者营养方式不同随机分为早期肠内营养组(实验组)和早期完全胃肠外营养组(对照组),观察两组患者在治疗前后的血清白蛋白、血清清蛋白、血红蛋白等营养指标的变化及机械通气时间、入住ICU时间、住院时间及VAP发生率等各项指标。[结果]实验组血清白蛋白、血清清蛋白、血红蛋白在治疗前后的组内比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),在治疗后组间比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。两组患者在机械通气时间、入住ICU时间、住院时间及VAP发生率方面比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。[结论]早期肠内营养费用低、安全、有效,可以明显改善患者的营养状况,明显缩短患者的机械通气时间、入住ICU时间、住院时间,降低VAP发生率,具有理想的临床价值,值得在临床广泛推广使用。