软式喉内窥镜结合染料试验在卒中后隐性误吸中的应用

目的 探讨软式喉内窥镜吞咽功能检查(FEES)结合染料试验对卒中后吞咽障碍患者隐性误吸的诊断价值。方法 选取2021年12月至2022年6月在徐州市中心医院康复科住院治疗的脑卒中患者50例,进行FEES和透视荧光吞咽检查(VFSS)。比较两者检查结果。结果 FEES误吸检出率高于VFSS(χ²=7.000, P <0.05)。FEES对于进食液体食物时误吸检出率高于VFSS (χ²=4.000, P <0.05);两种方法对于进食糊状(κ=0.941, P <0.001)及固体食物(κ=0.779, P <0.001)时一致性很好。两种方法食物残留部位一致性较好(κ=0.818, P <0.001);3种食物类型残留部位一致性均很好(κ≥0.862, P <0.001)。两种方法对于3种食物类型Rosenbek渗漏-误吸量表评分均无显著性差异(Z <0.667,P> 0.05)。结论 FEES结合染料试验可用于评估卒中后隐性误吸。     

纤维鼻咽喉镜吞咽功能检查对脑卒中吞咽障碍患者摄食训练的指导价值

目的 分析纤维鼻咽喉镜吞咽功能检查(FEES)对脑卒中吞咽障碍患者摄食训练的指导价值。方法 采用随机信封法将2019年1月-2021年1月北京市大兴区中西医结合医院和北京市丰台区南苑医院收治的120例脑卒中吞咽障碍患者分为观察组(n=60)和对照组(n=60)。对照组采用标准吞咽功能评估(SSA),在阴性后进行摄食训练,观察组采用FEES,在阴性后进行摄食训练,最终观察组纳入55例,对照组纳入54例。比较治疗前1周和治疗后1周两组患者的动脉血气分析、并发症发生情况、误吸程度、吞咽功能评级和安全性指标水平。结果 两组患者治疗后动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO₂)水平、误吸和腹胀发生率均较治疗前降低,且观察组较对照组低;观察组肺部感染发生率低于对照组;两组患者治疗后动脉血氧分压(PaO₂)和动脉血氧饱和度(SaO₂)水平均较治疗前升高,且观察组较对照组高;治疗后,两组患者误吸程度均较治疗前减轻,且观察组优于对照组;治疗后,两组患者吞咽功能均较治疗前改善,且观察组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 脑卒中吞...     

Interrater and Intrarater Reliability and Minimum Detectable Change of Ultrasound for Active Myofascial Trigger Points in Upper Trapezius Muscle in Individuals With Shoulder Pain

ObjectiveWe sought to investigate the interrater and intrarater reliability of ultrasound and the minimum detectable change (MDC) for the trigger points (TrPs) active in the upper trapezius (UT) muscle in individuals with shoulder pain.MethodsForty individuals with shoulder pain were investigated for the presence of active TrPs in the UT muscle by means of ultrasound for the parameters of gray scale, muscle thickness of UT muscle at rest, and contraction and area of TrPs. The intrarater reliability was performed on 2 days, and interrater reliability on the same day. For the gray scale, the reliability was evaluated using the kappa coefficient (κ), while the other parameters were measured by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and MDC.ResultsFor the gray scale, the intrarater agreement was almost perfect (κ = 1.00) and the interrater agreement was substantial (κ = 0.75). The intrarater and interrater reliability were excellent for most of the parameters, except for the area of TrPs (intrarater: ICC = 0.71, substantial; interrater: ICC = 0.52, substantial). The MDC for intrarater reliability varied between 0.04 and 0.05 (SEM% between 2.4% and 38.87%), and that for interrater reliability ranged from 0.05 to 0.07 (SEM% between 3.18% and 55.10%), with a higher value for area.ConclusionParameters such as gray scale, resting muscle thickness, and muscle contraction of the UT muscle, obtained through ultrasound, showed excellent intrarater and interrater reliability with low SEM%. The intrarater and interrater reliability for the area deserves a caveat regarding their use.     

Intrarater and Interrater Reliability of Angular Measures Using TEMPLO Two-dimensional Motion Analysis Software

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the intrarater and interrater reliability of marking 2 angles with the TEMPLO software and to provide relevant information for clinical practice.MethodsA prospective test–retest study has been conducted. Four raters took measures on 2 days, with 2 weeks in between. Craniovertebral angle and trunk forward lean were drawn on 22 video frames using TEMPLO. Reliability was examined using intraclass correlation coefficients including standard errors of measurement and minimal detectable change values as measures of precision expressed in the unit of the test (°).ResultsIntraclass correlation coefficients for intrarater and interrater reliability ranged from 0.98 to 1.00. Standard errors of measurement and minimal detectable change values ranged from 0.4° to 0.8° and 0.8° to 2.3°, respectively.ConclusionThese results indicate excellent reliability for craniovertebral angle and trunk forward lean assessed with TEMPLO software. Changes exceeding 2.3° may be expected to fall outside the test’s variability.     

Development of the Persian version of the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale: translation,adaptation, and examination of interrater and intrarater reliability in patients with poststroke elbow flexor spasticity

Purpose: Development of the Persian version of the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS), and to investigate the interrater and intrarater reliability of the Persian MMAS when used to quantify elbow flexor spasticity in patients after stroke. Methods: The Persian MMAS was developed by the forward and backward translation procedure, a final review by an expert committee, and testing for acceptability and the clarity of item wording so that the scale could be used by Persian-speaking examiners. Psychometric testing included interrater and intrarater reliability. Elbow flexor spasticity was examined by two raters in 30 patients after stroke twice on two occasions using the Persian MMAS. The weighted κ was used for the statistical analysis. Results: The interrater and intrarater reliability was very good for the Persian MMAS (weighted κ: 0.81–0.91; 95% CI 0.68–0.98) with statistically significant agreement between raters and within raters (all p < 0.001). Conclusions: The Persian version of the MMAS was successfully developed. The Persian MMAS showed very good interrater and intrarater reliability in patients with elbow flexor spasticity after stroke. The results support the use of the Persian version of the MMAS both in clinical and research settings.

Implications for Rehabilitation

• The new Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS) is a clinical measure of spasticity, which was published in 2006 by Ansari et al.

• The MMAS was successfully translated and adapted into a Persian version. The Persian version of the MMAS showed very good interrater and intrarater reliability comparable to the original English version. The Persian version of the MMAS can be recommended for the assessment of muscle spasticity in Persian-speaking countries.

     

Clinical Measures Related to Forward Shoulder Posture: A Reliability and Correlational Study

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of clinical measures related to forward shoulder posture (pectoralis minor index [PMI], scapular index [SI], abduction index [AI], acromion to the wall index [AWI] acromion to the treatment table index [ATI], and thoracic curvature [TC]), and to investigate the association (redundancy) among these measures.MethodsTwenty-one asymptomatic participants participated in this study. Two physiotherapists were trained to perform the clinical measurements. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC_2,k) were calculated to assess intra- and interrater reliabilities. Pearson product moment correlation was used to investigate the existence of possible redundancy between the measures that showed high intra- and interrater reliabilities.ResultsThe measures showed ICCs between 0.30 and 0.97. Five measures, PMI, SI, AWI, ATI, and TC, showed appropriate values for intrarater reliability (ICCs 0.77-0.94), and 3 measures, AWI, ATI, and TC, for interrater reliability (ICCs 0.82-0.85). Among measures that showed acceptable intra- and interrater reliability values, 2 measures were redundant, showing high association (AWI vs ATI) (r = 0.80, P < .001).ConclusionFor PMI, SI, AWI, ATI, and TC measures, adequate values of intrarater reliability were observed. For AWI, ATI, and TC, adequate values of interrater reliability were found. Two pairs of measures were highly associated (PMI with SI; AWI with ATI), which indicates redundancy among them. Our results suggest that, when the same examiner performs the assessment, the combined use of the PMI, AWI, and TC measures allows a quick but comprehensive evaluation of the presence of forward shoulder posture.     

Dysphagia Characteristics of Patients Post SARS-CoV-2 During Inpatient Rehabilitation

ObjectiveTo investigate dysphagia in patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 admitted to acute inpatient rehabilitation by summarizing clinical swallow evaluation and videofluoroscopic swallow study findings.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingUrban inpatient rehabilitation hospital.ParticipantsThe first inpatients admitted with SARS-CoV-2 (N=40) who participated in a videofluoroscopic swallow study.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresPatient characteristics upon admission (duration of intubation, tracheostomy status, comorbidities, videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) completion at previous level of care); admission International Dysphagia Diet level (IDDSI); Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MASA), Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), dysphagia severity rating; penetration aspiration scale (PAS) rated during VFSS; and IDDSI level recommended after completion of VFSS.ResultsTwenty percent of patients had been evaluated by videofluoroscopy in acute care. Nineteen of 37 (51%) individuals were upgraded to IDDSI level 7 regular diet with level 0 thin liquids and achieved a FOIS of 7 after the completion of the VFSS. Five individuals (13%) received a diet downgrade or remained on the same diet recommendations from their admission. Total numerical score (TNS) of less than 170 on the MASA predicted presence of aspiration in 27% of patients (6 of 22). Seventy-two percent of the sample (16 of 22) had a TNS less than 170 but did not demonstrate any instances of aspiration. The odds of patients having a PAS of 3 or greater increased by approximately 15% (odds ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.27; P=.013). Thus, with each additional day of intubation during acute care stay, there was a 15% greater likelihood of having airway invasion.ConclusionsInstrumental swallow evaluations are imperative to diagnose and treat dysphagia in the post-coronavirus disease population. Because of the heterogeneity of this population, high incidence of prolonged intubation, and limitations of the clinical swallowing evaluation, instrumental assessments need to be performed on a more consistent basis as infection prevention protocols evolve.     

Reliability of Different Clinical Techniques for Assessing Foot Posture

ObjectiveThe aim was to determine the interrater and intrarater reliability of navicular drop (NDP), navicular drift (NDT), and the Foot Posture Index-6 (FPI-6), and test–retest reliability of the static arch index (SAI) and dynamic arch index (DAI).MethodsSixty healthy individuals were assessed for intrarater and test–retest reliability. From 60 participants, 30 individuals were assessed for interrater reliability. A digital caliper was used to measure NDP and NDT. Electronic pedography was used to calculate SAI and DAI. The FPI-6 was also performed. All assessments were performed on the dominant foot. The NDP, NDT, SAI, and DAI were repeated 3 times. The NDP and NDT were analyzed separately using both first measurement and the average, but the SAI and DAI were analyzed using only the average. The NDP, NDT, and FPI-6 were conducted by 2 raters to determine interrater reliability and were repeated by a single rater after 5 days from initial assessment to determine intrarater reliability. The SAI and DAI were also repeated after 5 days to determine test–retest reliability.ResultsIntrarater intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were 0.934 and 0.970 for NDP, 0.724 and 0.850 for NDT, and 0.945 for FPI. Interrater ICCs were 0.712 and 0.811 for NDP, 0.592 and 0.797 for NDT, and 0.575 for FPI. Test–retest ICCs of the SAI and DAI were 0.850 and 0.876, respectively.ConclusionNavicular drop is relatively more reliable than other traditional techniques. Also, the FPI-6 has excellent intrarater reliability, but only moderate interrater reliability. The results can provide clinicians and researchers with a reliable way to implement foot posture assessment.     

Reliability of the Tardieu Scale for Assessing Spasticity in Children With Cerebral Palsy

Gracies J-M, Burke K, Clegg NJ, Browne R, Rushing C, Fehlings D, Matthews D, Tilton A, Delgado MR. Reliability of the Tardieu Scale for assessing spasticity in children with cerebral palsy.

Objective

To measure the Tardieu Scale's reliability in children with cerebral palsy (CP) when used by raters with and without experience in using the scale, before and after training.

Design

Single-center, intrarater and interrater reliability study.

Setting

Institutional ambulatory care.

Participants

Referred children with CP in the pretraining phase (n=5), during training (n=3), and in the posttraining phase (n=15).

Interventions

The Tardieu Scale involves performing passive muscle stretch at 2 velocities, slow and fast. The rater derives 2 parameters; the Spasticity Angle X is the difference between the angles of arrest at slow speed and of catch-and-release or clonus at fast speed; the Spasticity Grade Y is an ordinal variable that grades the intensity (gain) of the muscle reaction to fast stretch. In phase 1, experienced raters without formalized training in the scale graded elbow, knee, and ankle plantar flexors bilaterally, without and with a goniometer. In phase 2, after training, the experienced and nonexperienced raters graded the same muscles unilaterally.

Main Outcome Measures

Intrarater and interrater reliability of the Tardieu Scale.

Results

After training, nonexperienced raters had mean ± SD intrarater and interrater agreement rates across all joints and parameters of 80%±14% and 74%±16%, respectively. For experienced raters, intrarater and interrater agreement rates before training were 77%±13% and 66%±15%, respectively, versus 90%±8% and 81%±13%, respectively, after training (P<.001 for both). Specific angle measurements at the knee were less reliable for the angles of catch measured at fast speed. Across all joints, agreement rates were similar using visual or goniometric measurements.

Conclusions

Both parameters of the Tardieu Scale have excellent intrarater and interrater reliability when assessed at the elbow and ankle joints of children with CP, with no difference noted between visual and goniometric measurements. Angle measurements were less reliable at the knee joints. Training was associated with a highly significant improvement in reliability.     

Interrater and intrarater reliability of the wheelchair skills test version 4.2 for power wheelchair users

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to estimate the interrater and intrarater reliability of the Wheelchair Skills Test (WST) Version 4.2 for powered wheelchairs operated by adult users.

Materials and methods: Cohort study with a convenience sample of occupational therapists (n?=?10). For the main outcome measure, participants viewed and scored eight videos of adult power wheelchair users completing the 30 skills of the WST Version 4.2 on two occasions, a minimum of two weeks apart. Using these scores, we calculated intraclass correlation coefficients to estimate interrater and intrarater reliability.

Results: The interrater reliability intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.940 (95%CI 0.862–0.985). Intrarater reliability intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.923 to 0.998.

Conclusions: The WST Version 4.2 has excellent interrater and intrarater reliability and is a reliable tool for use in clinical and research practice to evaluate a power wheelchair user’s skill capacity.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• The Wheelchair Skills Test for Powered Wheelchair Users (WST-P 4.2) is a useful addition to the clinical tools available for clinicians who assess and train for powered wheelchair use.

• The WST-P 4.2 has excellent reliability and potential for clinical use as a pre-post measure of powered wheelchair skills.

• Clinicians using the WST-P 4.2 should attempt to maintain consistent scoring procedures, particularly for those skills that may require subjective assessment of skill safety.

     

Interrater and Intrarater Reliability of the Active Knee Extension (AKE) Test among Healthy Adults

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the active knee extension (AKE) test among healthy adults. [Subjects] Fourteen healthy participants (10 men and 4 women) volunteered and gave informed consent. [Methods] Two raters conducted AKE tests independently with the aid of a simple and inexpensive stabilizing apparatus. Each knee was measured twice, and the AKE test was repeated one week later. [Results] The interrater reliability intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC_2,1) were 0.87 for the dominant knee and 0.81 for the nondominant knee. In addition, the intrarater (test-retest) reliability ICC_3,1 values range between 0.78–0.97 and 0.75–0.84 for raters 1 and 2 respectively. The percentages of agreement within 10° for AKE measurements were 93% for the dominant knee and 79% for the nondominant knee. [Conclusion] The finding suggests the current AKE test showed excellent interrater and intrarater reliability for assessing hamstring flexibility in healthy adults.Key words: Hamstring, Flexibility, Range of movement     

Assessment of the Reliability of the Leg Lateral Reach Test to Measure Thoraco-Lumbo-Pelvic Rotation in Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the intrarater and interrater reliability of the Leg Lateral Reach Test (LLRT) to measure the mobility of the thoraco-lumbo-pelvic segment in individuals with nonspecific chronic low back and the correlations among pain intensity, kinesiophobia, and LLRT scores.MethodsThirty participants with nonspecific chronic low back pain were selected. The main variables were LLRT, pain intensity (measured with the Numeric Pain Rating Scale) and kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia). The reliability of the LLRT was evaluated by means of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), minimum detectable change.ResultsMost participants were women (83.3%), young adults (mean = 30.86; standard deviation = 8.56), with overweight and nonspecific chronic low back for more than 59 months of duration. In the intrarater analysis, we observed reliability values ranging from substantial to excellent (ICC ≥ .889; SEM ≤ 7.97%). In the interrater analysis, we observed excellent reliability (ICC ≥ .947; SEM ≤ 5.62%). There was a weak and positive correlation between pain and LLRT, and no correlation between kinesiophobia and LLRT.ConclusionLLRT is a reliable test to measure thoraco-lumbo-pelvic rotation in individuals with nonspecific chronic low back pain.     

Reliability of the Craniocervical Posture Assessment: Visual and Angular Measurements Using Photographs and Radiographs

ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were to determine the intrarater and interrater reliability of the craniocervical posture in a sagittal view using quantitative measurements on photographs and radiographs and to determine the agreement of the visual assessment of posture between raters.MethodsOne photograph and 1 radiograph of the sagittal craniocervical posture were simultaneously taken from 39 healthy female subjects. Three angles were measured on the photographs and 10 angles on the radiographs of 22 subjects using Alcimage software (Alcimage; Uberlândia, MG, Brazil). Two repeated measurements were performed by 2 raters. The measurements were compared within and between raters to test the intrarater and interrater reliability, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient and SEM were used. κ Agreement was calculated for the visual assessment of 39 subjects using photographs and radiographs between 2 raters.ResultsGood to excellent intrarater and interrater intraclass correlation coefficient values were found on both photographs and radiographs. Interrater SEM was large and clinically significant for cervical lordosis photogrammetry and for 1 angle measuring cervical lordosis on radiographs. Interrater κ agreement for the visual assessment using photographs was poor (κ = 0.37).ConclusionThe raters were reliable to measure angles in photographs and radiographs to quantify craniocervical posture with exception of 2 angles measuring lordosis of the cervical spine when compared between raters. The visual assessment of posture between raters was not reliable.     

在电视X线透视吞咽功能检查指导下进行治疗性进食结合吞咽训练对脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者功能的影响

目的:探讨在电视X线透视吞咽功能检查(VFSS)指导下进行治疗性进食结合吞咽训练对脑卒中后吞咽障碍的疗效。方法:选取脑卒中后留置胃管的吞咽障碍患者60例,随机分为对照组和观察组各30例,2组入院后都进行VFSS,对照组给予常规吞咽训练,观察组给予吞咽训练后进行治疗性进食,每周5d,共3周。2组患者分别于治疗前后进行洼田饮水试验(WST),渗漏-误吸分级(PAS)及功能性经口摄食评估(FIOS),并比较2组患者拔管率、患者出院后咳嗽咳痰情况。结果:治疗前,2组患者WST、PAS、FIOS结果比较差异无统计学意义,治疗3周后,对照组WST、PAS分级情况改善(P<0.01,0.05),FIOS等级无明显变化;观察组各项评分较治疗前均有改善(均P<0.01),与对照组相比,观察组3项评估指标、拔管率均有显著改善(均P<0.01),出院1个月后咳嗽咳痰情况有显著改善(P<0.01)。结论:在VFSS指导下进行治疗性进食结合吞咽训练能显著改善脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者的吞咽功能。     

Reliability and Responsiveness of the Activities of Daily Living Computerized Adaptive Testing System in Patients With Stroke

Objective

To examine the intrarater reliability, interrater reliability, and responsiveness of the Activities of Daily Living Computerized Adaptive Testing system (ADL CAT) in patients with stroke.

Design

One repeated-measures design (at an interval of 7d) was used to examine the intrarater reliability and interrater reliability of the ADL CAT. For the responsiveness study, participants were assessed with the ADL CAT at admission to the rehabilitation ward and at discharge from the hospital.

Setting

Eight rehabilitation units.

Participants

Three different (nonoverlapping) groups of patients (N=157) were recruited. Fifty-five and 42 outpatients with chronic stroke participated in the intrarater and interrater reliability studies, respectively; 60 inpatients who had recently had a stroke participated in the responsiveness study.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measure

ADL CAT.

Results

The intraclass correlation coefficient values were .94 and .80 for the ADL CAT in the intrarater reliability and interrater reliability studies, respectively. The classical test theory–based minimal detectable change values were 6.5 and 9.5 for the ADL CAT in the intrarater reliability and interrater reliability studies, respectively. The Kazis' effect size and standardized response mean of the ADL CAT were moderate (.62–.73).

Conclusions

The ADL CAT has good intrarater reliability and interrater reliability in outpatients with chronic stroke, and sufficient responsiveness in inpatients with stroke undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. Further investigations on the responsiveness of the ADL CAT in outpatients are needed to obtain more evidence on the utility of the ADL CAT.     

Intra- and interrater reliability and agreement of the Danish version of the Dynamic Gait Index in older people with balance impairments

Jønsson LR, Kristensen MT, Tibaek S, Andersen CW, Juhl C. Intra- and interrater reliability and agreement of the Danish version of the Dynamic Gait Index in older people with balance impairments.

Objectives

To examine the intrarater and interrater reliability and agreement of the Danish version of the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) in hospitalized and community-dwelling older people with balance impairments.

Design

Reliability study.

Setting

University hospital and outpatient rehabilitation.

Participants

A convenience sample of older people (≥65y); 24 subjects from a hospital and 24 from an outpatient rehabilitation center. All subjects had either 1 or more falls within the last year or balance impairments evaluated by a physical therapist.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures

All subjects carried out the DGI twice with a 1.5-hour interval. Each subject was rated by 3 physical therapists in the first attempt (1 for intrarater and 2 for interrater comparison) and by the intrarater in the second attempt, in both settings. The reliability was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC, 2.1), while agreement was calculated as the smallest real difference (SRD).

Results

The ICC for intrarater and interrater reliability of the total DGI was .90 and .92 at the hospital, while the SRD was 2.72 and 2.58 points, respectively. Correspondingly, the ICC for intrarater and interrater reliability of the total DGI at the rehabilitation center was .89 and .82, while the SRD was 3.49 and 3.99 points, respectively.

Conclusions

The intrarater and interrater reliability of the total DGI ranged from good to excellent in hospitalized and community-dwelling older people. Improvements of 3 and 4 DGI points for hospitalized and community-dwelling older people, respectively, should be regarded as a real change (with a 95% certainty).     

电视透视下吞咽能力检查在口咽期吞咽障碍中的应用

目的 分析吞咽障碍患者电视透视下吞咽能力检查(VFSS)结果.方法 16例知情同意吞咽障碍患者接受VFSS检查.分别采用稀钡餐(50％ w/v)、稠钡餐(270％ w/v)、饼干沾稠钡餐进行咀嚼测试.一口量为10 ml.采用正位、侧位动态造影测试,依次观察双侧梨状窝对称情况、口期时长、咽期起始时间、咽期时长、滞留、误吸及其时间、剂量等.结果5例为口期吞咽障碍;3例为咽期吞咽障碍,显示存在咽期起始迟缓,并且有1例表现为吞咽后误吸;8例为口咽期吞咽障碍,其中5例不伴误吸,3例伴有误吸,其中2例为安静误吸,1例表现为吞咽前误吸,1例表现为吞咽后误吸(梨状窝滞留引起),1例无法判断误吸时间.4例误吸患者中,3例存在钡剂25％以上的重度误吸,1例存在5％的轻度误吸,同时配合吞咽康复治疗.结论VFSS检测可为制订吞咽障碍的康复方案提供参考.     

A Screening Tool for Patients With Lumbar Instability: A Content Validity and Rater Reliability of Thai Version

ObjectiveLumbar instability is a condition that has been extensively reported in its prevalence and its effect on patients. To date, however, a clinical screening tool for this condition has not been developed for use in Thailand. The objectives of this study were to translate and test the content validity and rater reliability of a screening tool for evaluating Thai patients with lumbar instability.MethodsThe investigators selected the lumbar instability questionnaire from an original English version. Elements of the tool comprised the dominant subjective findings reported by this clinical population. The screening tool was translated into the Thai language following a process of cross-cultural adaptation. The index of item-objective congruence (IOC) was checked for content validity by 5 independent experts. Seventy-five Thai patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain were asked to report their symptoms. The interview procedure using the tool was conducted by expert and novice physical therapists, which informed the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for inter- and intrarater reliability.ResultsThe IOC was 0.95. The interrater ICC between expert and novice physical therapists was 0.92 (95% CI = 0.88-0.95). The intrarater ICC of novice physical therapist was 0.91 (95% CI = 0.86-0.94).ConclusionThe Thai version of the screening tool for patients with lumbar instability achieved excellent content validity and interrater and intrarater reliability. This screening tool is recommended for use with Thai patients with low back pain to identify the subpopulation with lumbar instability.     

Reliability and Accuracy of 2-Minute Step Test in Active and Sedentary Lean Adults

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the intrarater and interrater reliability of the 2-minute step test (2MST) in active and sedentary lean adults and to identify the test cutoff point to differentiate active from sedentary individuals.MethodsThis observational study involved 4 mixed-sex groups (each with 50 lean participants): group 1, sedentary and aged 18 to 24 years; group 2, active and aged 18 to 24 years; group 3, sedentary and aged 25 to 44 years; and group 4, active and aged 25 to 44 years. The 2MST was administered independently by 2 examiners (with 3 months’ training) at 2 different times, with a 7-day interval. Habitual physical activity was evaluated by means of the Baecke Questionnaire (BQ). In statistical analysis, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to verify the correlation between the 2MST and BQ; intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC_2,3) were used to determine the intrarater and interrater reliability of the 2MST; and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to identify the accuracy of the 2MST.ResultsExcellent intrarater and interrater reliability were found for all 4 groups (intraclass correlation coefficients ≥ 0.83). Correlating the 2MST score with the BQ score, a significant, positive, weak correlation was observed (r = 0.344, P < .001). For differentiating active from sedentary individuals, the 2MST showed low accuracy (area under the curve = 0.671), with 61% sensitivity and 67% specificity.ConclusionThis study showed that the 2MST is a reliable test with a low amount of inherent error. There was a significant correlation between the 2MST and usual physical activity measured, and slight accuracy in differentiating active from sedentary individuals.     

Inclinometer Reliability for Shoulder Ranges of Motion in Individuals With Subacromial Impingement Syndrome

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the intra- and interrater reliability of active and passive range of motion in the shoulders of individuals with subacromial impingement syndrome using a digital inclinometer.MethodsThe raters evaluated active and passive range of motion in the shoulder of 50 individuals with unilateral subacromial impingement syndrome in movements including flexion, abduction, extension, external rotation in a neutral position, external rotation with the arm at 90° of abduction, and internal rotation with the arm at 90° of abduction. The tests were performed by 2 examiners on the same day, with a 10-minute interval, and were repeated by 1 examiner after a 2- to 4-day interval. Reliability was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC_2,3).ResultsThere was moderate to excellent interrater (ICC_2,3 = 0.50-0.95) and intrarater (ICC_2,3 = 0.74-0.94) reliability. In the interrater analysis, the standard error of measurement (SEM) ranged from 4.1° to 10°, the percentage SEM (%SEM) ranged from 2% to 17%, and the minimum detectable change ranged from 9.5° to 23.4°. In the intrarater analysis, the SEM ranged from 4° to 9.2°, %SEM ranged from 3% to 14%, and the minimum detectable change ranged from 9.3° to 21.4°.ConclusionThe digital inclinometer showed moderate to excellent reliability for measuring active and passive range of motion in shoulders with unilateral subacromial impingement syndrome.