Histologic studies of human skin test responses to ragweed, compound 48-80, and histamine

The patterns of mast cell and eosinophil changes at the site of intradermal injection of ragweed, compound $\text{48}\text{80}$, and histamine were studied by histologic techniques. Dermal biopsies of 23 ragweed skin test-positive subjects revealed increasing numbers of eosinophils and decreasing numbers of mast cells over a 240 minute period following injection of antigen. The eosinophil response began in the periappendigeal areas, extended into the interstitium, and occurred in sites with depressed wheal reactions in hydroxyzine-treated subjects. These cellular patterns did not occur at ragweed skin test sites in nonatopic subjects. However, compound $\text{48}\text{80}$ induced similar eosinophilic responses in both atopics and nonatopics. Histamine injection was followed by no eosinophilic or mast cell changes. These findings support the hypothesis that eosinophil responses in reagin-mediated reactions may occur secondary to release of a mediator other than histamine of mast cell origin.     

The effects of isoproterenol Mistometer, with recommended use

Isoproterenol as an effective bronchodilator drug has achieved widespread clinical use. In recent years there have been reports of deleterious side effects of this drug with regard to changes in arterial blood gases, cardiovascular effects, and possible unexpected mortality. However, prior reports have not considered the effects of this drug when the dosage and mode of administration are the same as in the clinical situation. This study indicates that the administration of isoproterenol in a standard commercially available device by the method advised for clinical use does result in effective bronchodilation with a mean maximal increase in FEV₁ of 43 per cent and of FVC of 32 per cent as compared to baseline values. Electrocardiographic changes and arrhythmias were not observed. Nor did clinically significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure occur. No statistically significant changes were observed in pH, arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO₂), or arterial oxygen tension (PaO₂) during the study. However, analysis of the data with regard to each individual subject did demonstrate a decrease in PaO₂ of possible clinical significance in one of the 10 subjects. This study would suggest that the effects of isoproterenol Mistometer with recommended use provide bronchodilator action without significant subjective or objective negative side effects in the patient with acute asthma.     

Hypersensitivity to procarbazine associated with angioedema, urticaria, and low serum complement activity.

Hypersensitivity to procarbazine associated with urticaria, angioedema, and painful joint swelling was found in a 20-year-old student being treated for Hodgkin's disease. A marked fall in complement component activity occurred simultaneously with the development of symtoms. It is suggested that generation of products of complement component activation could be important in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity to some drugs.     

缺氧,缺血及再灌注山羊血浆对血管内皮细胞和中性粒细胞的影响

为了探讨缺氧，缺血及再灌注损伤的发生的机制，我们分别观察了缺氧（模拟海拔４０００ｍ高原）２４ｈ山羊血浆（ＨＰ），缺血１ｈ（在上述条件下于缺氧２４ｈ末放血使血压维持在６．０ｋＰａ１ｈ）山羊血浆（ＩＰ）和再灌注回输放出血液后２４ｈ）山羊血浆（ＲＰ）对中性粒细胞（ＰＭＮ）及培养的肺动脉内皮细胞（ＰＡＥＣ）的作用，ＰＭＮ在分别含ＨＰ、ＩＰ和ＲＰ的培养中温育１ｈ末，细胞活力明显升高（Ｐ〈０．００１），其升高     

Levels of immunoglobulin G, M, A, and E at various ages in allergic and nonallergic black and white individuals

Studies were conducted to detect major differences in immunoglobulin levels between allergic and nonallergic individuals. Immunoglobulins G, M, A, and E were quantitated in members of 63 families selected for the presence of children with asthma or allergic rhinitis and compared with a larger group of healthy individuals and families. Mean IgE levels were significantly higher in healthy black than in white individuals. No significant difference was found in IgE levels between healthy parents with and without allergic children. Mean IgE levels were significantly higher in asthmatic children than in healthy children and also much higher in asthmatic children than in their healthy siblings. Asthma occurred more frequently in boys than in girls. IgE levels in healthy children increased rapidly early in childhood, reached a peak before 10 yr of age, and decreased during the teens. This decrease in IgE during the teens may provide the immunologic mechanism by which some children can "outgrow" certain childhood allergies. IgA levels were very low in young children and not significantly different between allergic and healthy individuals. The low IgA level in young children may be of importance in the development of childhood allergies.     

Thymocytes, macrophages, and erythrocytes

Lymphocyte-macrophage and lymphocyte erythrocyte interactions were examined in the 4 homologous and 12 heterologous combinations of mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits. There was a highly species-specific interaction between thymic lymphocytes (T cells) and homologous peritoneal macrophages. Distinct red cell rosettes were formed only between thymus-derived cells of the guinea pig and rabbit erythrocytes.