Physical activity

OBJECTIVE: To provide a summary of the research on the effects of exercise on cancer survivors during and following cancer treatment. DATA SOURCES: Electronic data bases, published studies and review articles. CONCLUSION: While there is a growing body of research on the effects of exercise on cancer survivors, evidence is growing to support exercise interventions to improve quality of life and physiologic and psychological outcomes during and following treatment. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses should provide encouragement and information on exercise to cancer survivors.     

健康体适能检测在健康体检领域中的应用

本文介绍健康体适能的概念和作用,研究其在国内外的应用现状,并提出推广体适能测试的建议:利用创新扩散理论加强对健康管理从业者的理念推广;引入循证医学理念推动构建健康体适能检测项目和评价标准;运用健康信念模式促进受检者接受健康体适能检测;充分利用移动互联网特点实现健康体适能实时检测。      

Physical Activity Programs

As used in this handbook, the category physical activity programs includes all programs whose primary focus is on maintenance of movement in the entire body or in one or more specific parts. Although many physical activity programs frequently have a socialization aspect, this is seen as a secondary function.     

Physical activity counseling

Every year in the United States, at least 250,000 deaths are attributed to lack of physical activity. Because of the health benefits of physical activity, national guidelines recommend participation in 30 minutes of accumulated moderate-intensity physical activity such as walking fast on five or more days of the week. However, most Americans fail to achieve this goal and report that their physicians have not counseled them to increase physical activity. Because 84 percent of Americans consult a physician each year, even brief physician counseling that leads to modest activity changes could affect the population's health. Some physicians report that they do not deliver physical activity counseling because of limitations in time, reimbursement, knowledge, confidence, and practical tools. The five A's (Assess, Advise, Agree, Assist, Arrange) model can help physicians deliver brief, individually tailored physical activity messages to patients.     

Physical child abuse

This article discusses the background and main indicators of physical child abuse. The author points out the role of orthopaedic nurses in identifying possibly abused children and bringing their suspicions to those with responsibility for investigation of and services to families in trouble. An outline of the major forms of abuse is included, as well as a brief discussion of the role of a "mandated reporter" and the reluctance often experienced by professionals to get involved with what seems to be a "family problem."     

Dizziness in Orthopaedic Physical Therapy Practice: History and Physical Examination

Abstract

Physical therapy (PT) differential diagnosis of patients complaining of dizziness centers on distinguishing those patients who might benefit from sole management by the physical therapist from those patients who require referral for medical-surgical differential diagnosis and (co) management. There is emerging evidence that PT management may suffice for patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, cervicogenic dizziness, and musculoskeletal impairments leading to dysequilibrium. This article provides information on the history taking and physical examination relevant to patients with a main complaint of dizziness. The intention of the article is to enable the therapist to distinguish between patients complaining of dizziness due to these three conditions amenable to sole PT management and those patients who likely require referral. Where available, we have provided data on reliability and validity of the history items and physical tests described to help the clinician establish a level of research-based confidence with which to interpret history and physical examination findings. The decision to refer the patient for a medical-surgical evaluation is based on our findings, the interpretation of such findings in light of data on reliability and validity of history items and physical tests, an analysis of the risk of harm to the patient, and the response to seemingly appropriate intervention.     

Physical Therapy and Manual Physical Therapy: Differences in Patient Characteristics

Abstract

This study compared socio-demographic characteristics, health problem characteristics, and primary process data between database samples of patients referred to physical therapy (PT) versus a sample of patients referred to manual physical therapy (MPT) in the Netherlands. Statistical analysis indicated that that the MPT sample was significantly (P<0.01) different from the PT samples with regards to the socio-demographic data in that the patients in the MPT sample were younger, had attended post-secondary education to a greater degree, and were more often gainfully employed. The MPT sample was significantly (P≤0.01) different from the PT samples in that health problem data in the MPT sample indicated mainly acute, non-surgical orthopaedic or neurological, spine-related complaints of recent occurrence. Recurrence was significantly (P<0.01) more common and complaints were significantly (P=0.01) more often non-traumatic in the MPT sample. MPT referrals were significantly (P<0.01) different from PT referrals in that the MPT referral originated more frequently with a general practitioner but not with a medical specialist and that referral occurred within three months of occurrence. Primary treatment goals and interventions are discussed, as are study limitations, suggestions for future research, and relevance to the international situation.     

Concordance of Physical Activity Among Parents and Youth with Physical Disabilities

The purpose of this study was to examine the concordance in physical activity among parents and youth with physical disabilities. Parent and youth pairs were divided into two groups based on the child's age (children: N = 123, age 9.15± 1.39 years; adolescents: N = 133, age 14.40± 1.83 years) and completed a modified version of the Canada Fitness Survey. There were no associations between parent and youth physical activities (children: r_s = .17, p = .06; adolescents: r_s = .09, p = .31), regardless of disabling condition. Additional research is needed to better understand familial influences of physical activity behavior in this population.