Fish FSH receptors bind LH: how to make the human FSH receptor to be more fishy?

In mammals, the interactions between glycoprotein hormones and their cognate receptors are highly specific; unintended cross-reactivity under normal physiological conditions has not been observed. The interactions between fish gonadotropins and their receptors, on the other hand, appeared to be less discriminatory. For example, the catfish follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor was highly responsive to both catfish luteinizing hormone (LH) and catfish FSH. Similarly, the FSH receptor of coho salmon bound both salmon FSH and LH. In contrast, LH receptors of both species were found to be rather specific for their cognate LH. This paper intends to summarize the current situation with special emphasis to our comparative structure-function studies that aim at elucidating the molecular basis of ligand selectivity (in mammals) and ligand promiscuity (in fish).     

精子缺乏症:FSH和睾丸大小间关系

精子缺乏症是男性不育症的常见因素。已知,本病常出现高FSH水平,且与睾丸组织学和睾丸大小相一致。本文研究目的是根据血清FSH,LH和睾丸酮水平及睾丸大小观察精子缺乏患者,以作出初步诊断。 作者在1981年～1983年对700例精子缺乏症患者中68例作了前瞻性研究。应用Prader睾丸测量器测定睾丸大小。RTA测定血清FSH、LH和睾丸酮水平。 结果显示,根据血清FSH水平和睾丸大小将68例患者分为三组、另取50例正常精子活力患者作为对照组。结果见表1和表2     

不育症妇女常规测定甲状腺激素和FSH价值不大

本文作者研究了447例最短已有一年不育症的     

Do immunoassays differentially detect different acidity glycoforms of FSH?

OBJECTIVE: The possibility of the carbohydrate residues of glycoproteins affecting their recognition in immunoassays is an important and unresolved issue. This study looked for evidence of differential recognition of FSH glycoform preparations, of variable isoelectric point (pI) and known molarity, using three routine assays employing different antibody configurations. DESIGN: Seven glycoform preparations with differing pI bands (between 3.8 and 5.5) were produced by isoelectric focusing of recombinant human FSH and the molecular weights determined by mass spectroscopy. Three concentrations of each glycoform were assayed and the results expressed relative to unfractionated material. From the relative responses, recognition differences between the assay methods and between the glycoform preparations were investigated. MEASUREMENTS: Three routine assays were employed: the commercially available Amerlite(R) enzyme immunoassay and Delfia(R) immunofluorometric assay, together with an in-house competitive two-site radioimmunoassay (RIA). RESULTS: Overall, the three assays gave the same relative responses for equivalent glycoforms, with the only exceptions involving small differences between some assay pairs for the fractions at the extremes of the pI range investigated. Within each assay type, differences (P < 0.05) of up to 33% existed between glycoforms of different pI, however, these differences showed no patterns or trends across the entire acidity range examined. CONCLUSIONS: Between the assay methods investigated in this study, few differences exist in the recognition of individual pI bands of FSH when expressed relative to a common unfractionated standard. Differences were apparent in the recognition of the different acidity glycoforms within each assay method, however, these were small and unlikely to be of clinical significance.     

健康婴儿LH、FSH、雌二醇与睾酮的血清浓度

目的研究正常婴儿血LH、FSH、雌二醇(E2)与睾酮(T)的血清浓度变化。方法用免疫化学发光分析法对358名正常婴儿(男婴183,女婴175)的LH、FSH、E2和T水平进行测定,同时对3个月内婴儿的其他可能相关指标(出生体重、孕期、胎次、母亲年龄及分娩方式)进行了研究。结果(1)婴儿期4种激素水平变化男婴LH、FSH在2~3月龄时达高峰(LH3.5IU/L,FSH3.4IU/L),6月龄后趋平坦(LH1.5IU/L,FSH<1.5IU/L),T在2~4月龄时达高峰(9.15mmol/L)后快速下降,6月龄后稳定在一个较低的水平(<1.34nmol/L);女婴FSH在2~3月龄达高峰(7.1IU/L),LH与T在整个婴儿期的水平几乎是条直线(LH<4.7IU/L,T<2.49nmol/L)。男女婴的E2水平在生后快速下降,3月龄后达最低值。(2)性别差异LH和T在6月龄前男婴明显高于女婴,6月龄后无性别差异。FSH水平各月龄组女婴均高于男婴,E2除2月龄前女婴高于男婴外,3~12月龄时无性别差异。(3)3月龄内婴儿促性腺激素、性激素水平与出生体重、孕期、胎次、母亲年龄及分娩方式未显示相关关系。结论婴儿在2~4月龄时的血促性腺激素与性激素水平有个暂时的高峰期,并有明显性别差异,可能与两性性腺发育的不同调控机制有关。     

2016 FSH/FSC专家共识声明:难治性高血压管理要点

正在改善生活方式的基础上,应用足量且合理联合的3种降压药物(包括利尿剂)后,血压仍在参考范围之上,或至少需要4种药物才能使血压达标时,称为难治性高血压。最近,法国高血压学会/法国心血管学会(FSH/FSC)发布了难治性高血压专家共识声明,重点内容如下。1.推荐难治性高血压定义为在改善生活方式的基础上,应用了足量且合理联合的3种降压药物(包括一种噻嗪类利尿剂)至少治疗4周后,     

单纯子宫切除术后血清FSH及E2水平的变化

目的通过检测单纯子宫切除手术和子宫保留手术患者的血清FSH和E2水平,为临床子宫肌瘤患者手术方式的选择和子宫切除术后激素的替代疗法提供线索.方法应用放射免疫方法检测血清FSH和E2水平.结果术前子宫切除组与子宫保留组之间及与对照组之间的血清FSH和E2水平,差异均无显著性.于术后7天,子宫切除组血清FSH水平显著高于术前及子宫保留组(P＜0.001),而血清E2水平则显著低于术前及子宫保留组(P＜0.001).随着术后时间的延长,子宫切除组血清FSH水平逐渐升高,均显著高于子宫保留组及对照组(P＜0.001),而血清E2水平则逐渐降低,均显著低于子宫保留组及对照组(P＜0.001).至术后3年,子宫切除组血清FSH和E2水平分别为(37.47±2.43)IU/L和(92.32±6.72)pmol/L,与对照组及子宫保留组比较,差异均有显著性(P＜0.001).子宫切除组各种更年期症状的发生率均显著高于子宫保留组(P＜0.01).结论子宫切除术后可使卵巢出现早衰,提前进入绝经期.     

Is inhibin B a pharmacodynamic parameter for FSH in normal men?

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the pharmacodynamic effect of FSH on inhibin B serum levels in normal men in order to elucidate the physiological regulation of inhibin B secretion in more detail. DESIGN AND METHODS: Injections of 3000 IU recombinant, human FSH (rhFSH) were followed by single-blinded injections of placebo, 1000 and 2000 IU rhFSH spaced by at least 28 days between injections. RESULTS: After injection of 3000 IU rhFSH, inhibin B values were significantly elevated above baseline for 24, 96 and 120 h (maximal increase after 96 h, mean +/- s.e.m. 303+/-18 pg/ml). Injection of 2000 IU rhFSH led to a significant increase in inhibin B (maximum mean +/- s.e.m. 318+/-20 pg/ml) from 24 to 120 h. Injection of 1000 IU rhFSH led to a significant increase in inhibin B after 96 h (maximum mean +/- s.e.m. 300+/-16 pg/ml). The inhibin B areas under the curve after injection of 2000 and 3000 IU rhFSH were significantly higher than those following the placebo and 1000 IU rhFSH. In the 12 fertile men investigated, at baseline a strong diurnal rhythm of inhibin B parallel to that of testosterone was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Serum inhibin B can be considered only a partial pharmacodynamic parameter of FSH in vivo, since the integrity of the spermatogenic process appears to be a second fundamental component in the regulation of its secretion from the testis.     

Rapid and specific lowering of pituitary FSHβ mRNA levels by inhibin

Hypothalamo-pituitary disconnected sheep were given gonadotrophin releasing hormone pulses every 2 h for 1 week, and the effects of inhibin on mRNA for FSHβ, LHβ, α-subunit and prolactin examined. Levels of FSHβ mRNA were reduced to ~ 20% 6 h after administration, and to ~ 10% by 30 h; no change was seen in LHβ, α-subunit or prolactin mRNA. These data show that inhibin has a very rapid and specific effect on FSHβ mRNA levels directly at the level of the pituitary gland.     

甲氰咪胍对PRL、LH及FSH分泌的调节作用

作者研究了10例健康男子单独肌注LHRH 100μg及加注甲氰咪胍(静脉和肌注各200mg)后LH,FSH及PRL的反应,发现加注甲氰咪胍后血清LH和FSH值均显著下降(P<0.05～0.001),反应曲线下绝对面积分别由4300±1050降为1805.90±394及527.71±131.10降为209.96±70.56mm~2以及LH和FSH的峰值/基础值的比值明显下降,均有显著差异,提示H_2-受体拮抗剂甲氰咪胍可抑制促性腺激素的释放。单独肌注LHRH后120分钟时相的血清PRL值较基础值增加1.66±0.20倍,P<0.05。加用甲氰咪胍,30分钟时相的血清PRL值明显升高,峰值提前出现,提示组胺通过H_1-受体兴奋PRL分泌或甲氰咪胍间接地降低多巴胺能活性而导致PRL释放。     

Neuroendocrine control of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion: III. Is there a gonadotropin-releasing hormone-independent component of episodic FSH secretion in ovariectomized and luteal phase ewes?

Our previous studies in ovariectomized ewes have provided direct evidence that FSH secretion is comprised of basal and episodic modes. In those studies, each GnRH pulse coincided with an FSH pulse, but additional FSH pulses were noted. To determine whether non-GnRH-associated pulses of FSH represent a GnRH-independent component of FSH secretion, we determined whether episodic FSH secretion persists after blockade of GnRH action with a GnRH antagonist. Hypophyseal portal and jugular blood was collected from five ovariectomized and six luteal phase ewes at 5-min intervals for 6 h before and 6 h after a single iv injection of Nal-Glu (10 micro g/kg body weight). Hypophyseal portal LH and FSH and jugular patterns of FSH were compared with patterns of GnRH. Before Nal-Glu, in both models, there was a one-to-one concordance between GnRH and portal LH pulses, and each GnRH pulse was associated with a FSH pulse. However, additional non-GnRH-associated pulses of FSH were present. Nal-Glu administration eliminated LH but not FSH pulsatility. Nal-Glu inhibited interaction of GnRH I with GnRH type I receptor but not interaction of GnRH II with type II receptor. These studies provide the first direct evidence of the existence of an acute GnRH I-independent component of episodic FSH secretion.     

甲氰咪胍对PRL、LH及FSH分泌的调节作用

作者对10例健康男子研究肌注LHRH 100μg及加注甲氰咪呱(静脉和肌注各200mg)的血清LH、FSH及PRL的反应。实验发现加注甲氰咪呱后LH和FSH的反应均较单独肌注LHRH显著下降(P<0.05～0.001),峰值和基础值比较分别由15.30±2.98降为6.69±1.06及3.44±0.59降为1.93±0.24倍,反应曲线下绝对面积分别由4300±1050降为1805.90±394及527.71±131.10降为209.96±70.56mm~2,且FSH峰值推迟出现,说明H_2-受体拮抗剂甲氰咪呱对促性腺激素释放起抑制作用。注射LHRH后120分钟的     

睾酮对GnRH拮抗剂抑制的大鼠垂体和血清FSH的刺激作用

GnRH拮抗剂直接阻断GnRH受体,从而抑制垂体和睾丸的功能。最近动物实验研究表明,补充睾酮能延迟GnRH拮抗剂抑制精子生成的作用,防止垂体和血清FSH水平大幅度下降。为明确GnRH拮抗剂处理后再补充睾酮是否能使FSH水平回升,作者采用体重350～400g成。年雄性Sprague-Daw-ley大鼠,为为50％丙二醇赋形剂(1、2组)和RS-68439GnRH拮抗剂(3、4、5组)进行对     

RIA法测定血LH,FSH,PRL在诊断继发闭经中的价值

用放射免疫法(RIA)测定继发闭经患者血LH、FSH437例与PRL287例。根据测定结果可将继发闭经患者分为五组:1.高促性腺激素性闭经132例(30.2 ％);2.低促性腺激素性闭经44例(10.1％);3.正常促性腺激素性闭经40例(9.1％);4.闭经由于LH/FSH比值升高94例(21.5％);5.高泌乳素血症性闭经127例,其中117例(92.1％)有泌乳。结合各组的临床表现、腹腔镜所见和治疗效果,对RIA法测定血LH、FSH、PRL在诊断继发闭经中的价值进行了讨论。     

RIA法测定血LH、FSH、PRL在诊断继发闭经中的价值

用放射免疫法测定继发闭经患者(不包括子宫性闭经)血LH、FSH437例与PRL287例。根据测定结果可将继发闭经患者分为五组:1.高促性腺激素性闭经132例(30.2％);2.低促性腺激素性闭经44例(10.1％);3.正常促性腺激素性闭经40例(9.1％);4.闭经由于LH/FSH比值升高94例(21.5％);5.高泌乳素血症性     

基础FSH/LH在预测年轻不孕女性卵巢储备功能中的价值

目的 探究年轻不孕女性卵巢储备功能诊断中基础卵泡刺激素/黄体生成素(基础FSH/LH)的应用效果.方法 抽选100例2018年8月-2019年8月期间入我院进行诊断的年轻不孕女性为研究对象,将其按照基础FSH/LH进行分组,基础FSH/LH<2的50例患者作为甲组,基础FSH/LH≥2的50例患者作为乙组,对比两组患者各项检测指标及自然周期排卵情况.结果 两组患者年龄、AFC水平、基础FSH水平、基础PRL水平、基础E2水平以及基础T水平分组对比均无统计学意义(P>0.05),乙组患者基础LH水平以及AMH水平均高于甲组,两组患者就自然排卵情况对比来看,甲组高于乙组,分别为84%和60%,差异呈统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 年轻不孕女性卵巢储备功能诊断中基础FSH/LH的应用能够辅助对患者卵巢储备功能进行诊断,且与患者自然周期排卵情况有密切关系,能够通过对卵巢功能的判定以及自然周期排卵的分析诊断患者不孕情况,以便于尽早开展治疗,缩短治疗时间,提升治疗速度,值得全方位推广应用.     

可的松抑制LH而不抑制FSH对去睾丸大鼠GnRH的应答

作者曾用相当简单的模型测定了肾上腺一性腺系统的相互作用,大鼠去睾丸后24小时内,LH和FSH的分泌量均增加,并且促性腺细胞发生形态变化,阉割后12小时内去掉肾上腺,可阻断分泌和形态变化。最近实验表明,可的松本身可抑制去睾丸诱导的LH应答,而对FSH作用很小、本研究是为了揭示去肾上腺和/或可的松是否直接作用于大脑或脑垂体。 材料与方法:成年雄性大鼠分成正常组、阉割组和同时进行阉割及去肾上腺组。手术在上午8:00     

高血压脑出血病人血浆TSH.GH.FSH及皮质醇浓度的变化

本文采用放免法(RIA)对25例高血压脑出血病人及17例正常人血浆TSH、FSH、GH及皮质醇浓度进行测定。结果表明,高血压脑出血病人发病3天内,同一时相(8 a.m.)血中TSH、FSH、GH及皮质醇浓度明显高于对照组,并出现昼夜节律紊乱。分析上述几种垂体激素增高的原因与脑出血后体内处于应激状态,下丘脑-垂体的病理改变及神经递质的调节障碍等因素有关。