Outcomes of infants <28 days old treated with peritoneal dialysis for end-stage renal disease

This study evaluates the long-term outcomes of infants with end stage renal disease (ESRD) who required initiation of chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) prior to 28 days of age. Infants with ESRD present both ethical and technical challenges for pediatric nephrologists and neonatologists. Recent advances in the medical management of ESRD in infants combined with improved infant transplantation outcomes make it more likely that such infants can survive to successful kidney transplantation. We reviewed all infants initiating PD for ESRD before 28 days of age at the University of Minnesota Amplatz Children’s Hospital from 1995 to 2004 (n = 23). Overall 1 - and 5-year patient survival was 52 and 48%, respectively. Twelve children received kidney transplants at a median age and weight of 1.12 years and 9.5 kg, respectively, with a 5-year graft survival rate of 83%. In summary, a majority of infants requiring renal replacement therapy with PD in the first month of life achieve long-term survival with a successful kidney transplant.     

Outcomes of surgery for necrotizing enterocolitis and spontaneous intestinal perforation in Finland during 1986–2014

Background

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) are the most common abdominal surgical conditions in preemies. Associated mortality remains high and long periods of parenteral nutrition (PN) may be required. We assessed the developments in the outcomes of surgically treated NEC and SIP in the two largest Finnish neonatal intensive care units (NICU).

A multicenter observational cohort study of 24 h and 30 day in-hospital mortality of pediatric and adult trauma patients — An Indian urban tertiary care perspective

Background/PurposeIndia with its evolving trauma system needs multicenter studies on trauma outcomes to help determine the need for planning and structuring care better and to bridge the gap between the burden of disease and research. Therefore here we studied 24 h and 30 day mortality in adult and pediatric trauma population presenting to urban tertiary care hospitals.MethodologyData from multicenter observational cohort study conducted from July 2013 to December 2015, Towards improved trauma care outcomes in India (TITCO) were used.Main findings3381 pediatric and 12,666 adult trauma patients. Unadjusted analyses of mortality were significantly less in pediatric compared to adult group within 24 h (OR 0.513, 99% CI 0.4–0.658, p < 0.001) and 30 days (OR 0.442, 99% CI 0.383–0.511, p < 0.001). In adjusted analyses pediatric group did not have significantly lower odds of 24-h mortality (OR 0.778, 99% CI 0.106–5.717, P = 0.746). At 30 days, pediatric group had 89% lower odds of death compared to adults (OR 0.11, 99% CI 0.017–0.0714, p = 0.002).ConclusionChildren had mechanisms of injury different from adults leading to less severe injuries than adults. Children are more likely than adults to survive until 30 days after admission for trauma in urban India.Level of evidenceLevel II.     

What Are the Patient-reported Outcomes of Trapeziectomy and Tendon Suspension at Long-term Follow-up?

BackgroundThere are multiple options for the treatment of thumb carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis (CMC1 OA), with evidence for pain relief and improved function. Although simple trapeziectomy has the lowest complication risk, tendon suspension of the first metacarpal and interposition is still the most commonly used surgical procedure in patients with CMC1 OA. Although there are several reports of good short-term results after trapeziectomy and tendon suspension-interposition arthroplasty, few studies have evaluated long-term outcomes. This study is one of the largest and longest follow-up evaluations of a cohort of patients with CMC1 OA who were treated with trapeziectomy and suspension-interposition arthroplasty, capturing 96% of the original cohort for evaluation.Questions/purposes(1) After trapeziectomy and tendon suspension surgery, what are the long-term, patient-reported outcomes and clinical measurements (strength and ROM); and in unilateral procedures, how do these parameters compare with those of the contralateral hand that was not operated on? (2) What is the mean subsidence (unloaded trapezial space), and does pinch strength correlate with the amount of subsidence?MethodsFrom 1998 to 2005, 130 patients underwent trapeziectomy and abductor pollicis longus (APL) suspension-interposition arthroplasty for CMC1 OA at one orthopaedic department. During this period, 15 patients were treated with CMC1 arthrodesis and four were treated with implant arthroplasty, for a total of 149 patients. The surgeons used APL suspensionplasty for most patients, based on age and expected postoperative function; they also employed this procedure to avoid hardware or implant failure issues. The 100 living patients were asked to participate in this retrospective study, 96% (96) of whom were enrolled. The mean age at surgery was 58 ± 7 years. The patients completed a two-item thumb pain scale (modified from the SF-36 body pain scale), a hand pain VAS (average level of pain experienced over the week preceding measurement), and the 11-item QuickDASH. Patient-reported outcomes data were obtained from all 96 patients, and 83% (80) of patients underwent bilateral hand radiography and a physical examination at a mean follow-up of 17 ± 2.4 years. We calculated outcome data for each patient, and in 39 patients with unilateral surgery and intact contralateral CMC1 joint, we compared the operated side with the contralateral side. We compared our outcome data with that from the Swedish National Quality Registry for Hand Surgery (HAKIR), noting comparable outcomes for pain and QuickDASH scores.ResultsAt long-term follow-up after trapeziectomy and APL suspension surgery, the mean thumb pain score was 19 ± 26, hand pain VAS score 23 ± 25, and QuickDASH score 26 ± 21. In the patients with unilateral surgery and intact contralateral CMC1 joint, the thumb pain score for the operated side was lower than the contralateral side, specifically 19 ± 25 compared with 29 ± 30 (mean difference -9.8 [95% CI -19.5 to -0.2]; p = 0.045); hand pain VAS score was 24 ± 23 versus 30 ± 25 (mean difference -6.1 [95% CI -15.2 to 3.1]; p = 0.19), and the QuickDASH score was 27 ± 19. Grip strength showed no differences between the operated and contralateral sides (mean 16.7 ± 7.3 kg versus 16.6 ± 6.9 kg, mean difference 0.1 [95% CI -1.6 to 1.8]; p = 0.90), while pinch was different (4.4 ± 1.4 versus 5.0 ± 1.5 kg, mean difference -0.6 [95% CI -0.9 to -0.3]; p = 0.001). The mean trapezial space was 4.4 ± 2.2 mm, and there was no association between the trapezial space and pinch strength (0.07 kg [95% CI -0.04 to 0.18] per mm of space; p = 0.17).ConclusionThe finding of comparable pain and function between operated and unoperated sides at long-term follow-up suggests that trapeziectomy and tendon suspension-interposition arthroplasty provides predictable outcomes, and surgeons can use these data to counsel patients that surgery can potentially return them to comparable use. However, as patients often have asymptomatic radiographic OA on the contralateral side, future studies are needed to examine the impact of asymptomatic disease on function.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, therapeutic study.     

Bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis associated with Sjögren's syndrome and IgDλ monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance

We presented the first case of bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis secondary to Sjögren's syndrome. Further consideration should be given to the association between Sjögren's syndrome and bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis, because Sjögren's syndrome is latent, but more frequent than other autoimmune diseases.     

Outcomes of pharmacological management of nocturia with non‐antidiuretic agents: does statistically significant equal clinically significant?

To evaluate the statistical and clinical efficacy of the pharmacological treatments of nocturia using non-antidiuretic agents. A literature review of treatments of nocturia specifically addressing the impact of alpha blockers, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5ARI) and antimuscarinics on reduction in nocturnal voids. Despite commonly reported statistically significant results, nocturia has shown a poor clinical response to traditional therapies for benign prostatic hyperplasia including alpha blockers and 5ARI. Similarly, nocturia has shown a poor clinical response to traditional therapies for overactive bladder including antimuscarinics. Statistical success has been achieved in some groups with a variety of alpha blockers and antimuscarinic agents, but the clinical significance of these changes is doubtful. It is likely that other types of therapy will need to be employed in order to achieve a clinically significant reduction in nocturia.