COPD夜间低氧血症和睡眠障碍

慢性阻塞性肺疾病可以引起睡眠低氧血症和睡眠障碍。本文综述了睡眠低氧血症的机制和并发症,以及睡眠低氧血症和睡眠障碍的关系,有助于探索新的治疗方法。     

COPD夜间低氧血症和睡眠障碍

慢性阻塞性肺疾病可以引起睡眠低氧血症和睡眠障碍。本文综述了睡眠低氧血症的机制和并发症,以及睡眠低氧血症和睡眠障碍的关系,有助于探索新的治疗方法。     

稳定期老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者夜间睡眠呼吸障碍的初步探讨

许多研究发现 :重叠综合征〔慢性阻塞性肺疾病(ＣＯＰＤ)合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 (ＯＳＡＳ)〕患者夜间可出现严重的睡眠呼吸紊乱并导致低氧和二氧化碳潴留现象。而关于老年ＣＯＰＤ患者睡眠过程中的相关研究尚少 ,我们于 2 0 0 0年 11月至 2 0 0 1年 2月对 2 0例健康老年人 ,16例稳定期老年ＣＯＰＤ患者进行了夜间多导睡眠监测 ,旨在探讨老年ＣＯＰＤ患者夜间睡眠过程中睡眠呼吸紊乱情况及其可能的机制。　　一、对象与方法　　 1.对象 :对照组 :2 0例健康老年人 ,选自健康查体者 ,男12人 ,女 8人 ,年龄 6 1～ 76岁 ,平均 (6 6 4± …     

COPD患者的睡眠障碍与夜间低氧血症

COPD患者在睡眠期,原有的呼吸功能障碍会发生进一步恶化。本文综述了近年来研究证实的COPD患者睡眠障碍与夜间低氧血症的病因,以及药物、氧疗、机械通气对睡眠障碍及低氧血症的治疗作用。     

睡眠呼吸障碍疾患与慢性阻塞性肺疾病

慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (ＣＯＰＤ)是一种常见疾病 ,而阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征 (ＯＳＡＨＳ)也是一种多发病 ,在年龄大于 40岁的男性中尤为多见 ,老年男性中ＯＳＡＨＳ的发病率为 1%。故ＣＯＰＤ与ＯＳＡＨＳ并存的概率相当高 ,调查表明 10 %的ＯＳＡＨＳ患者可并存ＣＯＰＤ。“重叠综合征 (ｏｖｅｒｌａｐｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ)”可用来概括ＣＯＰＤ与ＯＳＡＨＳ并存的情况 ,重叠综合征患者比单一的ＣＯＰＤ或ＯＳＡＨＳ患者有更为严重的夜间睡眠相关的低氧血症 ,这类患者白天心肺功能异常十分显著 ,表现为更为严重的肺功能损害 ,动脉血气异…     

COPD患者的睡眠障碍与夜间低氧血症

ＣＯＰＤ患有睡眠期，原有的呼吸功能障碍会发生进一步恶化。本综述了近年来研究证实的ＣＯＰＤ患睡眠障碍与夜间低氧血症的原因，以及药物，氧疗，机械通气对睡眠障碍及低氧血症的治疗作用。     

老年COPD患者并发自发性气胸89例临床分析

目的探讨老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)并发自发性气胸的特点及诊疗方法。方法对2000年至2004年我科收治的继发于老年COPD的自发性气胸89例临床资料进行分析对照。结果治愈80例(89.9%),死亡4例(4.5%)。结论老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)并发自发性气胸起病隐匿,病情进展快,常常会导致严重的心肺功能衰竭,危及生命,尽早的诊断和及时的治疗,可以大大降低死亡率。     

睡眠呼吸障碍与慢性阻塞性肺疾病

睡眠呼吸障碍涉及多学科，与传统的呼吸系统疾病有着密切联系。慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD）是呼吸系统的常见病和多发病，患病率和死亡率均居高不下，且夜间死亡率明显高于日间。阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）也是一种常见的临床病症，主要表现为睡眠中反复出现上气道阻塞，导致反复的呼吸停止（睡眠窒息）和低通气，造成夜间二氧化碳（CO2）潴留、酸中毒和低氧血症等病理生理改变，从而引发重要器官出现功能和器质性改变，严重危害人类健康。COPD与OSAHS并存称为重叠综合征。     

小动脉硬化性脑小血管病与睡眠障碍

研究显示,脑小血管病可通过脑组织损害影响神经回路、局部脑血流量改变及神经内分泌改变等机制造成睡眠障碍,且脑小血管病所致的卒中后抑郁和脑萎缩均可能与睡眠障碍有关.反过来,睡眠障碍可损害血脑屏障和脑血管自动调节功能,增高脑小血管病的发病风险.两者相互联系,互为因果,共同影响患者预后和生存质量.     

Depression, but not sleep disorder, is an independent factor affecting exacerbations and hospitalization in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background and objective: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may experience depression and sleep disorders, which can adversely affect their health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). The aim of this study was to investigate depression and sleep disorders among 85 COPD patients and 46 control subjects, aged 40 years and over. Methods: Patients underwent spirometry and arterial blood gas analysis, self‐completed St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire and were assessed on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES‐D) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The frequency of exacerbations among COPD patients was prospectively monitored for 12 months. Results: The prevalence of depression and sleep disorders was significantly higher among COPD patients than control subjects. The relative risks (95% confidence interval) of depression and sleep disorders were 7.58 (1.03 to 55.8) and 1.82 (1.03 to 3.22), respectively, in COPD patients compared with control subjects. Among COPD patients, there was a correlation between CES‐D and PSQI. Lower body mass index, more severe dyspnoea, poorer HRQOL, lower partial pressure of arterial oxygen and higher partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide were significantly associated with the incidence of depression and sleep disorders. Exacerbations and hospitalizations were more frequent among COPD patients with depression than those with sleep disorders alone or those without depression or sleep disorders. Conclusions: Depression and sleep disorders are very common co‐morbidities among COPD patients and significantly reduce activities and HRQOL among these patients. Depression, but not sleep disorder, is an independent risk factor for exacerbations and hospitalization among COPD patients.     

Respiratory disturbance during sleep in COPD patients without daytime hypoxemia

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Its possible association with obstructive sleep apnea is a major cause of concern for clinicians. As the prevalence of both COPD and sleep apnea continues to rise, further investigation of this interaction is needed. In addition, COPD patients are at risk for hypoventilation during sleep due to the underlying respiratory dysfunction. In this study, 13 COPD subjects and 13 non-COPD control subjects were compared for the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea and nocturnal hypoventilation. All 26 subjects had presented to a sleep clinic and showed no signs of daytime hypoxemia. After matching for BMI and age, COPD subjects had a similar prevalence of sleep apnea with a lower degree of severity compared to the control subjects. However, less severe events, such as RERA, occurred at similar rates between the two groups. There was no significant difference between groups in the magnitude of oxyhemoglobin desaturation during sleep. Interestingly, severity and presence of nocturnal hypoxemia correlated with that of sleep apnea in the control group, but not in the COPD subjects. In conclusion, COPD without daytime hypoxemia was not a risk factor for sleep apnea or nocturnal hypoventilation in this study.     

COPD患者伴发抑郁障碍及其相关因素的研究

目的了解慢性阻塞性肺病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）患者伴发抑郁障碍的情况,并分析其可能的影响因素。方法运用ZUNG抑郁自评量表对87例COPD患者伴发抑郁障碍的情况进行调查,依据患者的年龄、性别、文化程度、付费方式、患病时间及住院次数等因素进行分组研究,应用SPSS10．0统计软件进行数据的统计学检验。结果48．2％的COPD住院患者合并有不同程度的抑郁障碍。其中女性患者、大学或大学以上文化程度的患者、小学文化程度和文盲患者、自费患者伴发抑郁障碍的比例较高;而住院次数及年龄则不影响合并抑郁障碍的情况。结论COPD住院患者伴发抑郁障碍的比例较高,性别、文化程度、付费方式等是其主要影响因素。     

COPD合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸低通气综合症的临床研究

目的研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸低通气综合症(O SAHS)对肺功能、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、肺动脉压力的影响。方法对24例COPD和18例重叠综合征患者的肺功能、血氧饱和度、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AH I)、体重指数(BM I)进行比较。结果重叠综合征组与COPD组的夜间最低SaO2有显著性差异(P<0.05),AH I有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论重叠综合征夜间缺氧往往比单纯的COPD更为明显。应该早诊断,早治疗,减少并发症。     

Depression in the patient with COPD

This paper explores the recent literature surrounding comorbid depression and COPD. The literature reveals a high prevalence of depression in patients with COPD and some evidence that the depression is a result of the disease. The literature highlights the negative impact of depression on quality of life and a possible impact on mortality. Depression also negatively impacts on compliance and smoking cessation. Treatment of depression in COPD, particularly by cognitive behavioral therapy, has positive impact on quality of life. Tricyclic antidepressants have a positive impact on mood and COPD, but side effects limit their use. The advent of the new antidepressants may improve acceptability and outcomes, but the research is yet to be undertaken. Physical rehabilitation may have a positive impact on mood. This paper highlights the difficulty in screening for depression in patients with COPD due to the overlap of symptoms between the two diseases. Despite the difficulties, it is important to recognize and treat depression in patients with COPD because of the significant likelihood of improvement in quality of life.     

Predictors of Mortality in Patients with Stable COPD

OBJECTIVES  To determine which easily available clinical factors are associated with mortality in patients with stable COPD and if health-related quality of life (HRQoL) provides additional information. DESIGN  Five-year prospective cohort study. SETTING  Five outpatient clinics of a teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS  Six hundred stable COPD patients recruited consecutively. MEASUREMENTS  The variables were age, FEV_1%, dyspnea, previous hospital admissions and emergency department visits for COPD, pack-years of smoking, comorbidities, body mass index, and HRQoL measured by Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ), and Short-Form 36 (SF-36). Logistic and Cox regression models were used to assess the influence of these variables on mortality and survival. RESULTS  FEV_1%(OR: 0.62, 95% CI 0.5 to 0.75), dyspnea (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.2 to 3), age (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.6), previous hospitalization due to COPD exacerbations (OR 1.53, 1.2 to 2) and lifetime pack-years (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.2) were independently related to respiratory mortality. Similarly, these factors were independently related to all-cause mortality with dyspnea having the strongest association (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.2). HRQoL was an independent predictor of respiratory and all-cause mortality only when dyspnea was excluded from the models, except scores on the SGRQ were associated with all-cause mortality with dyspnea in the model. CONCLUSIONS  Among patients with stable COPD, FEV_1% was the main predictor of respiratory mortality and dyspnea of all-cause mortality. In general, HRQoL was not related to mortality when dyspnea was taken into account, and CRQ and SGRQ behaved in similar ways regarding mortality. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Sources of support: Grant no. 97/0326 from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria. Research Committee of Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病与致纤维化型间质性肺疾病患者阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停对比研究

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)与慢性呼吸系统疾病(CRDs)交互作用可能的病理生理机制,对比评价致纤维化型间质性肺疾病(ILD)和慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者中OSA的发生情况和严重程度。方法选择2015年9月至2018年12月于中日友好医院呼吸与危重症医学科诊断的73例COPD患者和77例致纤维化型ILD患者,进行多导睡眠监测、肺功能检查和其他临床评估。OSA定义为睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)≥5次/h。结果不依赖于年龄、性别、体质指数(BMI)、白日嗜睡程度及并发症情况,致纤维化型ILD患者较COPD患者发生中、重度OSA更为常见(61%vs. 44%, P=0.02),程度更为严重[AHI(22.4±16.5)次/h vs.(16.8±13.2)次/h, P=0.02]。OSA的严重程度(AHI)与COPD和ILD患者的用力肺活量、肺总量及弥散功能无关。结论 OSA常见于慢性呼吸系统疾病患者,与COPD相比,致纤维化型ILD患者的OSA更为常见,程度更为严重;静态肺功能指标与慢性呼吸系统疾病患者OSA的严重程度无关。提示有必要开展ILD疾病特异性的OSA的临床研究及治疗方式探讨。     

The overlaps of asthma or COPD with OSA: A focused review

Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are the most common respiratory disorders worldwide. Given demographic and environmental changes, prevalence for each is likely to increase. Although exact numbers are not known, based on chance alone, many people will be affected by both lower airways obstruction and concomitant upper airway obstruction during sleep. Some recent studies suggest that there is a reciprocal interaction, with chronic lung disease predisposing to OSA, and OSA worsening control and outcomes from chronic lung disease. Thus, the combination of wake and sleep respiratory disorders can create an overlap syndrome with unique pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic concerns. Although much work needs to be done, given the above, Respirologists, Sleep Medicine and Primary Care providers must be vigilant for overlap syndromes. Accurate diagnosis of, for example, OSA as a cause of nocturnal symptoms in a patient with asthma is likely to limit further ineffective titration of medications for asthma. Moreover, prompt treatment of OSA in the overlap syndromes will not only offer symptomatic benefit of OSA, but also improve symptoms and healthcare resource utilization attributable to obstructive lung disease, and in COPD, it may reduce mortality.     

无创通气联合肺康复治疗在老年慢性阻塞性肺病稳定期合并高碳酸血症患者中的应用

目的探讨双水平气道正压通气(BiPAP)无创呼吸机通气联合肺康复治疗在老年护理机构慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期合并高碳酸血症患者中的应用效果。方法选取2018年2月—2019年2月收治的47例老年COPD稳定期合并高碳酸血症接受肺康复的患者,采用随机数字表法随机分成研究组(n=23)和对照组(n=24)。对照组予低流量鼻导管吸氧、化痰、扩张支气管、布地奈德福莫特罗吸入剂、营养治疗、有氧训练、阻抗训练以及心理支持等治疗措施;研究组在对照组的治疗基础上联合给予无创BiPAP治疗。比较2组患者的临床疗效、血气指标、慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试(CAT)、6min步行试验(6MWT)、肺功能及并发症发生情况。结果治疗4周,研究组二氧化碳分压和6MWT的改善程度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组FEV1及FEV1占预计值百分比有所提升,且研究组改善情况优于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组临床疗效总有效率高于对照组(91.3% vs 62.5%,P=0.049),继发肺部感染的发生率低于对照组(26.1% vs 62.5%,P=0.037)。结论BiPAP无创呼吸机通气联合肺康复治疗在合并高碳酸血症的老年COPD稳定期患者中疗效显著,能有效改善患者的临床症状、血气指标及肺功能,降低二氧化碳潴留及呼吸性酸中毒,减少肺部感染的发生率。