肝脏尾状叶切除术的进展(文献综述)

肝脏尾状叶位置深在且显露困难，既往是手术禁区。近10多年来，随着肝脏精细解剖的发展和诊断技术的进步，肝脏尾状叶切除术的报道已不断增多。     

肝脏尾状叶的外科解剖及其增生

肝脏尾状叶是位于肝脏左右叶背部的部分,整体呈左大右小、前宽后窄的不规则形状。尾状叶有五个面：膈面（脏面）、腔静脉面、横沟面、静脉韧带面和背裂面,位于肝脏后部,以半环形包绕肝后下腔静脉（inferior vena cava, IVC）。     

肝脏尾状叶的应用解剖和手术方法的进展

肝脏尾状叶位于肝脏的背部 ,位置深在 ,显露困难 ,夹在三个肝门结构之间 ,血液供应、静脉引流、胆道引流复杂 ,既往是手术禁区。近十多年来 ,随着肝脏精细解剖的发展和诊断技术、手术技术的进步 ,肝脏尾状叶切除术的报道不断增多 ,说明尾状叶切除术是可行的、合理的 ,也不像过去认为的那样凶险。但是 ,尾状叶的解剖范围缺乏统一标准 ,手术方式尚未规范。现将尾状叶的应用解剖和手术方法的进展综述如下。一、肝脏尾状叶的解剖和历史尾状叶位于肝脏背部 ,占整个肝脏容量的 5 %～ 10 %。尾状叶不是真正的一叶 ,因为既没有能够辨认的实质性标志 …     

肝尾状叶手术的应用解剖研究

目的：为肝尾状叶手术提供形态学理论基础。方法：选取42具成人离体尸肝标本，采用雕琢法观测肝尾状叶形态、毗邻及管道。制作6具肝静脉铸型标本，观测尾状叶静脉系统属支及走行。制作1具肝尾状叶生物塑化薄层连续断面标本，并行计算机三维重建，显示尾状叶空间关系。利用3具整尸行单独全尾状叶切除。结果：大体解剖发现尾状叶门脉三管来源分散，行程短，不集中；铸型标本发现尾状叶门静脉有集中分布的优势；成功重建尾状叶及毗邻主要管道空间关系；在整尸上，顺利完成单独全尾状叶切除。结论：肝尾状叶位置特殊，毗邻关系复杂。肝尾状叶切除手术方式应依据病变部位及大小、性质、肝功状况而定，经后下入路游离尾状叶是值得尝试的途径。     

肝脏尾状叶切除的若干新进展

肝脏尾状叶切除术目前已在许多医院开展.我们自1994年以来,已施行200余例,积累了许多宝贵经验.在解剖学、手术学等方面都有新发现. 一、肝脏尾状叶     

尾状叶外科——肝外科的最后领域

肝尾状叶以其所处的复杂的解剖学位置，直至20世纪90年代，才开始在肝脏外科中受到重视，并得到相当发展。其实，肝尾状叶因其特殊的解剖生理上的特点，如双侧、多源性血供和排泄道及多渠道的静脉血流出道，更因其强大的增生代偿机能，不仅只是一个肝叶，更可以被认为是一     

肝尾状叶切除术的手术技巧

肝尾状叶,即Couinaud肝段解剖中的Ⅰ段(图1)深藏于肝脏后方,肝门横沟之上,位置深在,为不规则方块形的独立叶。有六面,包括脏面、背裂面和其余四周的四个面。其毗邻是:前方为Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ段与肝中静脉,后方为下腔静脉,左侧为小网膜及胃小弯,右侧为肝十二指肠韧带,上方以背裂为界,下方与肝门横沟相邻。理论上正中裂通过尾状叶并将其分为左右两半。     

尾状叶外科--肝外科的最后领域

肝尾状叶以其所处的复杂的解剖学位置,直至20世纪90年代,才开始在肝脏外科中受到重视,并得到相当发展[1].其实,肝尾状叶因其特殊的解剖生理上的特点,如双侧、多源性血供和排泄道及多渠道的静脉血流出道,更因其强大的增生代偿机能,不仅只是一个肝叶,更可以被认为是一个"副肝".尾状叶外科不仅只是切除肿瘤,而在良性肝胆疾病中的作用,更应受重视.     

手术切除治疗肝脏尾状叶巨大肿瘤

目的 探讨肝脏尾状叶巨大肿瘤的手术切除方法和疗效.方法 回顾分析2000年1月至2007年1月第二军医大学东方肝胆外科医院收治施行肝切除的直径≥10 cm的肝尾状叶巨大肿瘤的临床资料.结果 手术切除尾状叶肿瘤215例,其中巨大肿瘤33例,肿瘤直径10.2～15.3 cm,平均为12.3 cm;肝切除术式包括单纯尾状叶全切除7例,部分尾状叶切除8例,全尾状叶合并其它肝段切除18例.手术时间120～360 min,中位时间为218 min,手术失血量400～7000 ml,中位失血鼍为958 ml;全组无手术病死,术后并发症发生率27%;21例原发性肝癌病人术后1、3、5年生存率为分别为76%、52%、24%,其他良性肿瘤病人术后无复发及病死.结论 肝脏尾状叶巨大肿瘤多可同时累及3个肝门,尽管手术切除难度较大,但疗效满意.     

Surgical treatment of huge hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate lobe

Purpose  

To assess the outcome and effectiveness of liver surgery for huge hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the caudate lobe.     

肝尾状叶原发性肝细胞肝癌的外科治疗

目的 探讨尾状叶原发性肝癌手术切除的方式及其影响。方法 自1995年至2003年,对39例尾状叶原发性肝癌进行了手术切除,其中单独尾状叶切除19例,联合切除20例。并对两组病例中可能影响术后肝功能的指标进行了比较。结果 39例患者均被成功切除肿瘤,1例于术后30d因肾功能衰竭死亡,3例并发胸腔积液,4例并发腹水,1例并发胆漏,其余病例均顺利恢复。术后30例获得随访,1年、3年、5年生存率分别为53％、50％、39％。结论 尾状叶切除是治疗原发于尾状叶肝癌的有效手段,若肿瘤原发于肝尾状叶而又无其他肝叶侵犯时,单独尾状叶切除该是外科治疗的最佳选择。     

Surgical treatment of hepatic caudate lobe metastases originating from colorectal primaries

Malignant tumor resection of the hepatic caudate lobe has recently received attention. However, there are few reports about metastatic liver tumor in the caudate lobe from colorectal carcinoma, and its clinical features still remain unknown. In this paper, three patients operated on in our institute and 15 reported cases from the published literature were analyzed in order to reveal clinical features of this disease. Many cases had advanced liver tumors, such as invasion in to major vessels at the time of operation. Isolated complete caudate lobectomy was performed in 8 patients and major hepatectomy was carried out in 6 instances. Seven cases also underwent partial resection of the inferior vena cava. Recurrence of disease was observed in 11 patients: seven cases had relapse only in the residual liver, five of whom underwent another hepatectomy. The median survival time of those patients who died was 25 months, and that of seven cases with IVC resection, 18 months. Two patients out of five who received a second hepatectomy survived for longer than 90 months. It is suggested that aggressive surgical treatment including repeated hepatectomy results in the prolongation of survival. Earlier diagnosis and surgical treatment at a more appropriate stage of the disease may further improve the survival rate.     

Surgical treatment for colorectal liver metastases involving the paracaval portion of the caudate lobe

BACKGROUND: Hepatic neoplasms in the paracaval portion of the caudate lobe (S1r) are usually difficult to treat surgically because such neoplasms often invade the hepatic veins and/or inferior vena cava (IVC). We reevaluated resected cases of colorectal liver metastases involving S1r to confirm the significance of aggressive surgical treatments. METHODS: Between July 1977 and December 2002, 95 consecutive patients with colorectal liver metastases underwent hepatic resection. Seven patients with liver metastases involving the S1r underwent resection. RESULTS: The surgical procedures for liver metastases comprised 3 isolated caudate lobectomies, 2 right hepatectomies, and 2 right hepatic trisectionectomies with caudate lobectomy. Combined resections included partial resection of the hepatic vein in 2 patients, wedge resection of the IVC in 3, and segmental resection of the IVC in 1. Six of the 7 patients with S1r metastasis had recurrent disease in liver and/or lung. A second hepatectomy was carried out in 4 patients and a partial lung resection in 2 patients. Four of the 7 patients survived more than 5 years, but 2 of them died of recurrent disease at 61 and 95 months after initial hepatectomy. The remaining 2 patients are alive 72 and 118 months without any sign of recurrence. The median survival time of the 7 patients was 60 months. CONCLUSION: Liver metastases involving the S1r could be resected radically with en bloc resection of the major hepatic veins and/or the inferior vena cava. An aggressive surgical approach with combined resection of the adjacent major vessels may offer a better chance of long-term survival in selected patients with caudate lobe metastasis from colorectal cancer.     

Surgical strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma of the caudate lobe]

Liver-cell carcinomas generally occur in cirrhotic livers; their surgery is difficult when they are located in the caudate lobe. After an anatomical summary, the authors propose a topographic classification of these tumors and describe the surgical strategy to be implemented.     

Surgical strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma originating in the caudate lobe

BACKGROUND: The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma originating in or mainly involving the caudate lobe (caudate HCC) is generally poor. We reviewed the clinicopathologic findings of patients who underwent liver resection of caudate HCC and correlated the outcome with the surgical strategy. METHODS: Records of 402 patients who underwent liver resection for HCC were reviewed. The patients were divided into 2 groups. One group consisted of 15 patients who underwent liver resection for caudate HCC. The other group included 387 patients with HCC in a site other than the caudate lobe. RESULTS: Anatomic resection of Couinaud segment I or IX (a partial caudate lobectomy), conforming to portal anatomy, was performed in 13 patients with caudate HCC, and segmentectomies of segments I and IX (a total caudate lobectomy) were performed in 2 patients with caudate HCC. The incidence of postoperative complications was similar in the caudate HCC group and HCC in other sites group, with no operative deaths in the caudate HCC group. Tumor-free survival and cumulative survival were similar in the 2 groups. However, among patients with caudate HCC, tumor-free and cumulative survival were lower in patients with than without microscopic portal venous involvement (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS: Partial caudate lobectomy (anatomic resection of segment I or IX) along the portal system is an appropriate procedure for caudate HCC, especially in patients with impaired liver function or a small HCC. Patients with caudate HCC who have microscopic portal venous involvement may require adjuvant therapy as early recurrence is likely.     

尾状叶肝癌的外科诊疗：附51例报告

背景与目的:尾状叶因其位置深,解剖关系复杂,手术切除难度高、风险大。尾状叶肝癌切除术一直是肝脏外科手术的难点。本文旨在探讨尾状叶肝癌外科治疗的可行性与安全性。方法:回顾性分析2008—2018年中南大学湘雅医院51例尾状叶肝癌切除术患者的临床资料。结果:51例患者均顺利完成手术。手术入路包括左入路8例、右入路5例、前入路10例和左右联合入路28例。手术平均时间(198.4±101.6)min,断肝时间30(10～118)min,术中出血量700.8(240～7700)m L,术中输血量602.9(0～6500)m L。术后并发症发生率15.7%,其中胆汁漏4例,腹腔积液2例,肝功能衰竭1例,术后出血1例,经对症治疗后顺利恢复。围术期无死亡病例。51例患者术后随访2.5～68.6个月,术后总复发率为55.4%;术后1、3、5年总体生存率分别为90.5%、71.2%和52.8%。结论:在严格掌握手术适应证,熟知肝尾状叶解剖特点,选择最佳手术入路,合理采用先进的切除技术的前提下,尾状叶肝癌切除是安全可行的。     

肝尾状叶良性肿瘤的手术疗效

目的 探讨肝尾状叶良性肿瘤的手术疗效.方法 回顾性分析2003年1月至2014年4月第二军医大学附属东方肝胆外科医院收治的1 12例肝尾状叶良性肿瘤患者的临床资料.根据肿瘤部位、大小等选择采用左侧入路、右侧入路、双侧入路、中央前入路或逆行肝尾状叶切除术.采用门诊或电话方式进行随访,随访时间截至2014年10月.结果 112例患者均具有手术治疗的适应证,均完整切除肿瘤,其中行单纯肝尾状叶肿瘤切除术33例(22例双侧入路、11例左侧入路),左半肝+尾状叶切除术28例(左侧入路),肝中叶+尾状叶切除术21例(中央前入路),部分肝右叶+尾状叶切除术19例(右侧入路),右半肝+尾状叶切除术11例(9例右侧入路、2例逆行切除).术中单纯入肝血流阻断72例,入肝血流联合肝静脉阻断29例,全肝血流阻断6例,未行肝血流阻断5例.手术时间为(192±69) min,平均入肝血流阻断时间为28 min(0 ～94 min),平均术中出血量为590 mL(100～ 12 000 mL),术中输血例数为68例,平均输血量为600 mL(200 ～ 10 000 mL),术后住院时间为(8.2±2.7)d.31例患者术后发生并发症,其中胆汁漏21例,中等量以上胸腔积液7例,术后出血2例,均经对症处理后痊愈;肝衰竭1例,经保肝治疗后好转.无围术期死亡患者.112例患者均获得术后随访,中位随访时间为12个月(6～24个月).随访期间,112例患者均健康生存,无一例患者肿瘤复发或因手术相关并发症死亡.结论 手术切除是治疗肝尾状叶良性肿瘤的有效手段,患者术后恢复良好,手术疗效确切.严格把握手术适应证,合理优化手术路径,术中采用选择性肝血流阻断,精细操作是手术成功的关键.