50例胃癌患者的预后因素分析

目的探讨50例胃癌患者的预后因素情况。方法分析中山市小榄人民医院肿瘤内科2010年1月～2017年12月收治的50例胃癌患者临床资料,计数资料通过百分率表示,采用Kaplan-Meier法做胃癌预后单因素分析,对中位生存时间进行估算,采用COX风险模型,胃癌患者预后多因素回归分析。结果胃癌患者肿瘤侵袭范围、组织病理学分型、组织分化程度、转移、临床TNM分期和胃癌生存时间具有相关性,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。胃癌患者中位生存时间是27.2个月,1～5年生存率分别是80%、54%、40%、26%。胃癌患者肿瘤侵袭范围、组织病理学分型、组织分化程度、转移、临床TNM分期是影响预后的独立因素,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论肿瘤侵袭范围、组织病理学分型、组织分化程度、转移、临床TNM分期是胃癌预后的影响因素。     

Prevalence of osteoporosis risk factors and treatment among women aged 50 years and older

We conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective review to evaluate screening, diagnosis, and treatment of 389 women aged 50 years or older at risk for osteoporosis in a large primary care practice. Records randomly selected from a computerized database were reviewed for drug history, age, height, weight, and osteoporosis-related diagnoses, symptoms, and risk factors. Among the 389 women, 255 (65.5%) were receiving bone-preserving treatment (247 estrogen replacement exclusively). Most (70.4%) were white, with an average age of 61 years, and an average of 3.3 risk factors for osteoporosis. Risk factors were postmenopausal status 94%, age 65 years or older 53%, hysterectomy 39%, cigarette smoking 33%, and physical inactivity 30%. By logistic regression, the only positive predictor of antiresorptive therapy was hysterectomy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.54-4.14). Negative predictors were physical inactivity (AOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.25-0.71), rheumatoid arthritis (AOR 0.31, 95% CI 0.12-0.79), and age 65 years and older (AOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.34-0.86). Controlling for age, women with four or more risk factors were 62% less likely to be receiving antiresorptive treatment (AOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.23-0.64) than those with fewer risk factors.     

Ten years of experience with weekly chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer patients: multivariate analysis of prognostic factors

Weekly chemotherapy administration represents an emerging option for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In order to identify clinical and biological prognostic factors for outcome, we performed a multivariate analysis in a 10-year experience of weekly chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer patients. The original databases of phase II trials of metastatic breast cancer patients who had undergone first-line weekly chemotherapy were collected. Clinical and biological covariables were screened for a possible relationship with time to progression and overall survival in a Cox model. From 1990 to 2003, 184 patients were enrolled in three consecutive phase II studies, to evaluate activity and tolerability of weekly epirubicin with lonidamine or vinorelbine or paclitaxel. All patients were evaluable for clinical variables; histological samples were available in 40 patients. At a median follow-up of 24 months, median time to progression was 9 months (95% confidence interval 8-10) and median overall survival was 34 months (95% confidence interval 24-42). Independent variables were response (hazard ratio 2.34, P<0.0001), receptor status (hazard ratio 1.62, P=0.01) and performance status (hazard ratio 2.31, P<0.0001) for time to progression, and response (hazard ratio 1.86, P=0.005), performance status (hazard ratio 2.81, P<0.0001), dominant metastatic site (hazard ratio 2.27, P<0.0001) and enrollment period (hazard ratio 2.51, P=0.001) for overall survival. Although no biological factors were entered into the Cox model owing to the small sample size, some subpopulations showed a negative trend in survival. In our series of patients who had undergone weekly chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer, independent prognostic factors for survival improvement were responders, performance status 0-1, nonvisceral dominant metastatic site and enrollment period. A greater sample population is needed to extensively screen for biological prognostic factors.     

Prophylaxis of febrile neutropenia with colony-stimulating factors: the first 25 years

Abstract

Filgrastim prophylaxis, both primary and secondary, was rapidly incorporated into clinical practice in the 1990s. When pegfilgrastim became available in 2002, it quickly replaced filgrastim as the colony-stimulating factor (CSF) of choice for prophylaxis. Use of prophylaxis increased markedly in the first decade of this century and has stabilized during the present decade. Data concerning real-world CSF prophylactic practice patterns are limited but suggest that both primary and secondary prophylaxis are common, and that use is frequently inappropriate according to guidelines. The extent of inappropriate use is controversial, as are issues concerning the cost-effectiveness of prophylaxis versus no prophylaxis and the cost-effectiveness of primary prophylaxis versus secondary prophylaxis. Nevertheless, CSF prophylaxis is firmly established as a valuable adjunct to chemotherapy and will almost certainly continue to be widely used for the foreseeable future. In this article, we chronicle the use and impact of CSF prophylaxis in US patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy for non-myeloid malignancies. We emphasize the interplay of expert opinion, clinical evidence, and economic factors in shaping the use of CSFs in clinical practice over time, and, with the recent introduction of new CSF agents and options, we aim to provide useful clinical and economic information for healthcare decision makers.     

Onset and course of alcoholism over 25 years in middle class men

Background: Patterns of drinking and alcohol problems change with age. However, few studies use multiple data points and detailed history spanning early adulthood to middle age. This study reports such data from 373 men in the San Diego Prospective Study. Methods: Data were generated at baseline (T1) at ∼age 20, and through face-to-face followup interviews ∼every 5 years in >90% of these eligible Caucasian and relatively higher educated men. Subjects were placed into 4 groups regarding their course: 62.5% with no alcohol use disorder (AUD); 17.2% with AUD onset <age 30 and a chronic course; 6.7% with onset ≥age 30 and no recovery; and 13.7% with AUD onset <age 30 and maintained remission for >5 years before the 25-year followup. Results: On a univariate level, low level of response (LR) to alcohol, family history of AUDs, and higher Novelty Seeking at ∼age 20 predicted AUDs with onset before age 30 (mean age ∼ 25), but among these only LR predicted later onset (mean age 38) as well. Additional predictors of AUDs included demography (lower education), and greater involvement with alcohol, drugs, and nicotine prior to T1. Sustained remission from AUDs among alcoholics was predicted by lower T1 and T10 drinking frequencies, and being separated or divorced at T10, along with a trend for higher Reward Dependence. Conclusion: These data indicate that information available in ages of the late teens to early twenties can help predict the future onset and course of AUDs, and underscore the importance of longitudinal studies in substance use disorders.     

Polymyositis-dermatomyositis--a 25-year follow-up of 50 patients (analysis of clinical symptoms and signs and results of laboratory tests)

Clinical symptoms and signs and the frequency of abnormalities in the results of enzymatic, electromyographic, histological and serological tests were analysed in 50 patients, including 17 with polymyositis (PM) and 33 with dermatomyositis (DM), groups I and II according to Bohan's classification and followed-up for 25 years. Weakness of the proximal muscles of the extremities was present in both groups in all patients and in a high proportion of cases weakness involved also the distal muscles. Dysphagia was more frequent in DM patients (54.5%) than in PM (17.6%). In DM erythema and facial oedema as well as Gottron's sign were observed more frequently. In 11.8% of PM patients and 15.1% of DM patients deposition of calcium salts in subcutaneous tissue developed. Signs of vasculitis were found in 39.4% of DM cases and 17.6% of PM cases. In one-third of PM and in only 3 DM cases pitting oedema of the distal parts of the extremities was noted. Cardiovascular changes were disclosed in 82.3% of PM and 69.7% of DM patients. On the other hand, radiological signs of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis were noted more frequently in DM (36%) than in PM (23%). Increased serum activity of CPK, AspAT and ALAT was present with similar frequency in both groups from 71% to 81% of cases. EMG showed evidence of primary muscular changes in all PM patients and 69.6% of DM patients. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis in the studied patients. Antinuclear antibodies were found relatively rarely, from 2% to 24% of PM/DM patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The endovascular treatment of traumatic isthmic aortic rupture: three years follow-up

The isthmic aortic rupture represents the main cause of death in car crash accidents, because of closed chest trauma. Early medical and surgical care and endovascular prosthesis treatment with semi-invasive method can improve short and mid term survival. Nine patients with traumatic isthmic aortic rupture underwent endoprosthesis aortic implantation. All the patients were male, mean age 42.48 +/- 17.66 years. Operations included 5 acute cases and 4 chronic cases (chance diagnosis). In all cases the diagnosis was performed by tomodensitometric exam. Cloth prostheses were used (self-expansible Goretex- or Dacron-stent). Three years after the endoprosthesis implantation, we obtained the complete thrombosis of the false aortic lumen in all patients, both acute and chronic, as well as the levelling of the false aneurysms without complications of any kind.     

Incidence, risk factors and clinical course of thiopurine-induced liver injury in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

BACKGROUND: The incidence of thiopurine-induced hepatotoxicity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease varies in different studies. AIMS: To assess the rate of thiopurine-induced liver toxicity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease; to determine the predictive factors and to characterize its clinical course and management. METHODS: A cohort of 161 patients was prospectively followed for a median of 271 days. Hepatotoxicity was established when alanine transaminase or alkaline phosphatase plasma levels were greater than twice the upper normal limit. RESULTS: Abnormal liver function was detected in 21 patients (13%; 95% CI: 7-18). Hepatotoxicity occurred in 16 patients (10%; 95% CI: 6-16) after a median of 85 days. In five cases, treatment was withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity. Use of corticosteroids was associated with hepatotoxicity (OR: 4.94; 95% CI: 1.01-23.98) with antitumour necrosis factor concomitant therapy showing a protective role (OR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1-3.1). gamma-Glutamyl transferase plasma levels at the onset of hepatotoxicity showed the best predictive value for treatment withdrawal (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.95). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of hepatotoxicity in inflammatory bowel disease patients receiving thiopurines is relevant, mainly in patients co-treated with corticosteroids. gamma-Glutamyl transferase plasma level is a useful biomarker in therapy withdrawal prediction.     

A 25-year follow-up of patients admitted to methadone treatment for the first time: mortality and gender differences

Introduction

We conducted a follow-up study to evaluate the outcome of a heroin-dependent population 25 years after their first enrollment in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). We assessed mortality in the sample plus actual drug use, treatment, and medical factors associated with drug dependence, focusing on possible gender differences.

Methods

Prospective follow-up study of 214 heroin-dependent patients consecutively admitted for MMT between 1980 and 1984 in the Asturias Public Health Service. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. An ad-hoc protocol on drug misuse and treatment, drug-related morbidity and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scores were assessed in the survivors' sample.

Results

Information was received on 159 subjects, 106 of whom were deceased. Men accounted for 76.2% of the study cohort. Over the 25-year follow-up period, the SMR was 22.51 (95% CI = 22.37–22.64). In the survivors sample, 39.6% were still enrolled in MMT; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was diagnosed in 47.2% and hepatitis B/C in 81.1%; current heroin use was reported by 22.6%. There were no gender differences in mortality or HIV and hepatitis B/C status. None of the female survivors were using heroin at the 25-year follow-up compared with 31.1% of males.

Conclusions

This study confirms the high mortality of heroin addicts even after enrollment in MMT. Severity of the addiction in terms of mortality was similar in both genders. Women who survived the 25-year follow-up were more likely to have stopped using heroin than men.     

广西壮族自治区凭祥市≥50岁艾滋病病毒感染者/患者流行病学特征分析

目的了解广西壮族自治区凭祥市≥50岁艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)患者疫情及变化趋势,为防控工作提供科学依据,以降低HIV的感染率。方法收集凭祥市1996—2011年艾滋病疫情资料,对≥50岁HIV/AIDS患者的流行病学特征进行分析。结果 2001年首次出现≥50岁HIV感染者/AIDS患者,截止2011年12月底共累计报告106例,占总病例数的16.56%;疫情在2005年以前呈散发状态。自2005年开始,病例数量及比例均呈逐年增加趋势,2005—2011年平均增长率为40.13%。≥50岁患者在凭祥市的地区分布与总体疫情基本一致。患者年龄最大为85岁,男性占78.30%;初中及以下文化程度占79.25%;壮族占77.36%;凭祥市本地居民占92.45%;65.09%的患者在报告时的疾病状态为AIDS。艾滋病自愿咨询检测、性病门诊是发现该类人群感染HIV/AIDS的最重要渠道。90%以上的患者是经异性性传播感染,该比例显著高于总体疫情。结论艾滋病对≥50岁人群的影响已不容忽视,应加强对此类人群开展有针对性的行为干预措施。     

经鼻蝶垂体腺瘤手术预后相关因素的临床研究

目的：探讨经鼻蝶垂体腺瘤手术预后相关因素。方法：回顾分析本科2008年2月～2009年12月收治垂体腺瘤患者50例的临床资料。结果：垂体腺瘤患者50例通过经鼻蝶入路垂体瘤切除术,肿瘤全切除42例（84.0%）,次全切除8例（16.0%）。术后患者病情稳定,平均住院7d,均治愈出院。术后出现并发症12例（24.0%）,其中出现尿崩症状4例（8.0%）,垂体功能低下2例（4.0%）,视力减退2例（4.0%）,均对症处理,3个月后恢复正常。病理学检查：50例患者均行光镜检查,42例为嫌色细胞瘤,8例为嗜酸性细胞瘤。结论：垂体腺瘤经鼻蝶窦入路切除术具有创伤小、切除肿瘤范围大、手术效果好,值得临床上推广应用。     

Analyses of novel prognostic factors in neuroblastoma patients

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common malignant solid tumor in childhood. There are well-recognized prognostic factors in NB such as age at diagnosis, organ of origin, stages, MYCN gene amplification, and expression of H-ras, trkA and survivin. Moreover, we investigated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), p53, stem cell factor (SCF) and c-kit of its receptor with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 22 NBs and 4 other tumors (one malignant lymphoma, one malignant teratoma, and 2 rhabdomyosarcomas) samples. The correlation between patients' prognoses and the expression of TH or c-kit was newly recognized, particularly the good prognosis in patients in whom c-kit highly expressed and the poor prognosis contrarily associated with low or no expression, although the SCF of its ligand had no relationship with patient prognosis. It is possible that tumors without c-kit expression can not react with SCF (via the autocrine or paracrine system) and remain immature. It may be that this is a new critical clinical event in NB patients.     

Aripiprazole in treatment of borderline patients,part II: an 18-month follow-up

Rationale Only one controlled trial is known that employed aripiprazole for patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). This 8-week trial found significant changes on most scales of the symptom checklist (SCL-90-R), Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS), Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HARS), and on all scales of the state–trait anger expression inventory (STAXI). Objectives, materials, and methods To assess the long-term effectiveness of aripiprazole with multifaceted borderline symptomology, this 18-month follow-up observation with biannual testing was carried out with the same patients from the previous trial (treated with 15-mg aripiprazole daily, n = 26, 21 female and 5 male patients; previous placebo group, n = 26, 22 female and 4 male patients). Results According to the intent-to-treat principle, significant changes on all scales of the SCL-90-R, HDRS, HARS, and STAXI were observed in the aripiprazole-treated subjects after 18 months. Conclusion Aripiprazole appears to be an effective and relatively safe agent in the long-term treatment of patients with BPD.