腹腔镜上腹部与下腹部手术后肺功能的比较研究

目的:比较上腹部腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)、下腹部腹腔镜阑尾切除术(laparoscopic appendectomy,LA)、腹腔镜经腹腔腹膜前疝修补术(transabdominal preperitoneal,TAPP)对患者术后肺功能改变的影响。方法:将50例患者根据疾病分为3组,A组行LC(n=20),B组行LA(n=14),C组行TAPP(n=16)。分别于术后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h检查一次肺功能。结果:A组患者术后肺功能明显改变,用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、一秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、最大呼气中段流量(maximal midexpiratory flow curve,MMF)等肺功能指标均明显下降,B、C组患者术后当天肺功能仅有轻微改变。3组间,术后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h痛觉评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)差异无统计学意义。结论:腹腔镜下腹部手术(LA、TAPP)后肺功能的改变小于上腹部腹腔镜手术(LC),腹腔镜手术部位对肺功能的改变情况有重要作用。     

加温二氧化碳气腹对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术后疼痛、肺功能的影响

目的探讨加温二氧化碳气腹对腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)患者术后疼痛、肺功能的影响。方法随机将127例接受LC的患者分为2组。对照组(n=63例)应用简易常温CO2气体建立气腹,观察组(n=64例)则应用37℃的CO2气体。比较2组患者术后12 h肺功能指标(FVC、FEVl、PEF、FEV1/FVC)及疼痛VAS评分。结果观察组术后12 h的FVC、FEVl、PEF实测值与预测值比值及FEV1/FVC均高于对照组,2组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后1 h、4 h、12 h的VAS疼痛评分均低于对照组,2组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 LC手术应用加温二氧化碳气腹,利于减轻术后疼痛及对肺功能影响。     

腹腔镜胃旁路术与袖状胃切除术对肥胖患者肺功能影响的对比研究

目的:对比研究腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术(laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass,LRYGB)与腹腔镜袖状胃切除术(laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy,LSG)对肥胖患者术后肺功能及氧合的影响。方法:选择2011年2月至2011年12月30例26~48岁的患者,其中男18例,女12例,按术式分为LRYGB组与LSG组,每组15例。分别于术前、术后24 h、术后48 h抽取患者股动脉血行血气分析,并记录动脉血氧分压(Pa O2)、二氧化碳分压(Pa CO2)、p H值;测定用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、一秒用力呼气容量(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、最大呼气中段流量(maximal midexpiratory flow curve,MMF)等肺功能指标;应用视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)对患者术后疼痛程度进行评估。结果:两组患者术前动脉血气、肺功能情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后Pa O2、FVC、FEV1及MMF均较术前明显下降(P<0.05),p H、Pa CO2无明显变化(P>0.05)。术后24 h、48 h,LRYGB组Pa O2、FVC、FEV1及MMF明显低于LSG组(P<0.05);VAS评分两组差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:与LRYGB相比,LSG对肥胖患者肺功能、氧合影响较小,术后肺功能恢复快。     

不同方式胆囊切除术对肺功能的影响

腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscope cholecystectomy,LC)以其损伤小、恢复快、住院时间短等优点而普遍开展.我院在2005年3月-2005年4月间对LC和开腹胆囊切除术(opened cholecystectomy,OC)对肺功能的用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)和第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volumel1,FEV1)的影响进行比较.     

全麻复合硬膜外麻醉对老年胸外科术后肺功能的影响

目的观察全麻符合硬膜外麻醉对老年胸外科手术患者术后肺功能的影响,分析其应用价值。方法采用随机数字表将135例老年胸外科手术患者分为两组,对照组(n=68)采用全麻手术;观察组(n=67)采用全麻符合硬膜外麻醉手术,分别于手术前后测定一秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、FEV1占肺活量百分比(FEV1/FVC)和最大呼气流量(PEF)等肺功能指标水平。结果治疗前,两组患者肺功能指标的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组FEV1、FEV1/FVC及PEF水平无明显变化,对照组FEV1、FEV1/FVC及PEF水平有所降低,与治疗前和观察组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论全麻符合硬膜外麻醉对患者的肺功能损伤小,较全麻更加适用于老年胸外科手术患者。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中气腹对呼吸系统功能的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)和开腹胆囊切除术(OC)对患者肺功能的影响,比较两种术式的安全性。方法:选择LC患者20例,OC患者20例,分别于手术前和手术后第1、3天复查,测定项目包括用力肺活量(FVC)、1 s用力呼气容积(FEV1)、最大呼气中段流量(FEF 25%~75%)、最大呼气流速(PEF)、最大通气量(MVV)、肺活量(VC)以及深吸气量(IC),并进行对比。结果:两组病例之间比较,所有指标在手术后3d差异仍有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:LC对机体的肺功能影响小,是一种安全可靠的手术方式。     

腹腔镜直肠前切除术与开腹手术对患者术后疼痛影响的比较

目的:对比腹腔镜与开腹直肠前切除术对患者术后疼痛的影响。方法:将110例直肠癌根治术患者随机分为两组,腹腔镜组(n=56)行腹腔镜辅助下直肠前切除术,开腹组(n=54)行传统开腹直肠前切除术。对比分析两组患者术后不同时段疼痛程度、睡眠质量、术后止痛药的使用剂量及住院时间。结果:术后6 h、24 h及48 h,腹腔镜组疼痛评分显著低于开腹组(P<0.01);术后72 h,两组患者疼痛评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。腹腔镜组住院时间、止痛药使用剂量明显少于开腹组(P<0.01),术后当天及术后第1天、第2天睡眠质量明显优于开腹组(P<0.01)。术后第3天,两组患者睡眠质量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜辅助下直肠癌根治术可有效降低术后疼痛程度,提高患者的睡眠质量,减少住院时间,有效促进了患者的早期康复。     

蛛网膜下腔注射罗哌卡因对剖宫产术后患者肺功能的影响

目的 评价蛛网膜下腔注射罗哌卡因对剖宫产术后患者肺功能的影响.方法 选择拟行剖宫产术患者36例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄22 ～ 34岁,体重指数≤35 kg/m2,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为2组(n=18):布比卡因组(B组)和罗哌卡因组(R组).于L3,4蛛网膜下腔穿刺成功后,B组和R组分别注射0.5％布比卡因1.8 ml、1.0％罗哌卡因1.4ml,均用脑脊液稀释至3ml,注药时间10 s.于术前1 d(T0)及蛛网膜下腔给药后1 h(T1)、1.5 h(T2)、2 h(T3)时分别测定用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)以及最大呼气峰流速(PEF),以FVC实测值低于预测值80％且FEV1实测值低于预测值70％为肺功能异常的标准.T1～3时记录运动阻滞评分.结果 与T0时比较,两组T1时FVC、FEV1下降,R组T1时PEF下降(P＜0.05);与T1时比较,两组T2、T3时FVC、FEV1差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),R组T2,3时PEF升高(P＜0.05).与B组比较,R组T1时PEF下降,T3时运动阻滞评分降低(P＜0.05).两组术后均未见肺功能异常发生.结论 对无呼吸合并症的剖宫产术患者而言,蛛网膜下腔注射常规剂量罗哌卡因与布比卡因虽然对肺功能指标有一定的抑制作用,但患者肺功能仍维持在正常范围.     

胸腔镜与机器人肺段切除术后肺功能保留的比较研究

目的探讨胸腔镜辅助手术(video-assisted thoracic surgery,VATS)与机器人辅助手术(robotassisted thoracic surgery,RATS)肺段切除术后肺功能的变化。方法纳入2017年7～10月于青岛大学附属医院行肺段切除术患者59例,男30例、女29例,其中VATS组33例,男18例、女15例;RATS组26例,男12例、女14例。分别在术前、术后1个月、术后6个月及术后12个月进行肺功能检查。对两组患者肺功能保留值进行组内和组间比较,分析VATS及RATS肺段切除术后肺功能保留方面的差异。结果 VATS组与RATS组的一秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)均在术后1个月较术前显著下降(P值均0.05),而在术后6个月内明显上升(P值均0.05),6个月后恢复不明显,且低于术前(P值均0.05)。此外,组间比较发现VATS组与RATS组在术后1个月、6个月及12个月的FEV1、FVC保留相似,差异无统计学意义(P值均0.05)。结论微创肺段切除术后1个月肺功能下降显著,术后6个月内恢复明显,此后逐渐平稳,术后12个月两组患者FEV1分别恢复至术前的93%与94%。VATS与RATS肺段切除术后肺功能保留方面无明显差异。     

重度僵硬性特发性脊柱侧凸患者术后肺功能变化

目的探讨前路松解、后路矫形、凸侧短段肋骨切除胸廓成形术对重度僵硬性特发性脊柱侧凸患者肺功能的影响。方法2006年1月-2007年7月,对16例重度僵硬性特发性脊柱侧凸患者行前路松解、后路矫形、凸侧短段肋骨切除胸廓成形术。其中男6例,女10例;年龄10～24岁,平均16.9岁。Lenke分型:1型1例,2型9例,4型6例。术前侧凸Cobb角(104.8±10.9)°,胸段后凸Cobb角(30.0±4.2)°,剃刀背高度(5.9±1.2)cm。患者术前用力肺活量(forcedvitalcapacity,FVC)和第1秒用力呼气容积(forcedexpiratoryvolumein1second,FEV1.0)实测值分别为(2.04±0.63)L和(1.72±0.62)L,实测值占预计值的百分比分别为70%±16%及67%±15%。术后3、6、12、24个月复查肺功能,了解肺功能变化情况。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后24个月随访,侧凸Cobb角(53.4±18.6)°,矫正率49.0%±15.3%;胸段后凸Cobb角(34.0±2.4)°,矫正率13.3%±2.2%;剃刀背高度(2.2±0.8)cm;以上指标与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后3、6个月,FVC和FEV1.0实测值较术前下降,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后12及24个月,FVC和FEV1.0实测值接近术前(P0.05)。术后3～24个月,FVC及FEV1.0实测值占预计值的百分比持续改善,与术前相比,术后3个月FVC下降19%,FEV1.0下降16%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);术后6个月,FVC下降12%,FEV1.0下降10%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);术后12、24个月,FVC及FEV1.0接近术前,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用前路松解、后路矫形、凸侧短段肋骨切除胸廓成形术治疗重度僵硬性特发性脊柱侧凸,术后3～6个月患者肺功能下降明显,但术后12～24个月恢复至术前水平。     

The effects of different abdominal pressures on pulmonary function test results in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

This study aimed to examine the effects of differing intra-abdominal pressures on pulmonary function test results in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Forty-five patients were operated on under 3 different intra-abdominal pressures: group A (8 mm Hg), group B (12 mm Hg), and group C (15 mm Hg). On the first day before and after the operation, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC rate, peak expiratory flow speed (PEF), and maximal middle expiration speed (FEF25-75) values were measured using Vmax 229 spirometry. No significant differences were observed among the 3 groups regarding preoperative and postoperative FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, and FEF25-75 values (P=0.96, P=0.73, P=0.48, P=0.34, and P=0.33, respectively). When the groups' preoperative and postoperative values were compared, FVC, FEV1, and PEF values significantly decreased in each group. The FEF25-75 values statistically significantly decreased in groups B and C when compared with their preoperative values; however, the decrease in group A was not significant. In conclusion, different intra-abdominal pressures during laparoscopic cholecystectomy had similar effects on pulmonary function test results. However, lower intra-abdominal pressures were associated with slightly more negative effects on FEF25-75 values.     

手助腹腔镜与开腹脾切除断流术的临床对比研究

目的：比较手助腹腔镜和开腹手术治疗门脉高压症脾切除断流术的近期临床效果。方法：回顾分析2003年2月至2006年6月手助腹腔镜和同期开腹手术脾切除断流术各27例的临床资料。结果：腹腔镜组的平均手术时间明显长于开腹组（183min vs.163min,P〈0.05）,而术中出血量（630ml vs.1215ml）、术中输血量（601ml vs.1049ml）、腹腔总引流量（946mlvs.1545ml）、排气时间（79h vs.95h）、术后住院时间（13d vs.16d）均明显减少（P〈0.05）。术后肝功能、并发症发生率、切除脾重、住院总费用均无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论：手助腹腔镜脾切除断流术的近期效果明显优于传统开腹手术,且安全、可行,具有微创的优越性。     

The effects of isothermic and hypothermic carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on respiratory function test results

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of isothermic and hypothermic carbon dioxide, used for pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, on respiratory function test results. METHODS: Thirty patients who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled in this prospective randomized study. The patients were divided into two groups. Carbon dioxide at 37 degrees C (isothermic) was used in the isothermic group, and carbon dioxide at 21 degrees C (hypothermic) was used in the hypothermic group. Respiratory function tests were performed in the preoperative period and at 12 h after the operation. RESULTS: Mean forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume (FEV1), maximum peak expiratory flow (PEF), and the FEV1/FVC ratio were significantly higher in the isothermic group than in the hypothermic group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Using isothermic carbon dioxide for pneumoperitoneum has fewer negative effects than hypothermic carbon dioxide on respiratory function tests results. Isothermic carbon dioxide may be preferable for patients with respiratory problems.     

腹腔镜巨脾切除治疗肝硬化门静脉高压的效果观察

目的探究腹腔镜巨脾切除治疗肝硬化门静脉高压的效果。方法回顾性分析2016年7月至2019年7月66例肝硬化门静脉高压合并巨脾患者的临床资料,根据术式不同分为开腹组和腹腔镜组,每组各33例。采用统计软件SPSS 21.0进行分析,围术期指标、肝功能指标、门静脉系统血流动力学指标采用(±s)表示,行独立t检验;术后并发症行χ^2检验;P<0.05差异有统计学意义。结果(1)腹腔镜组在术中出血量、胃肠道恢复蠕动时间、引流量和住院时长方面均少于开腹组(P<0.05);腹腔镜组术时较开腹组长(P<0.05);(2)腹腔镜并发症总发生率低于开腹组(24.2%vs.54.5%),P<0.05;(3)腹腔镜组术后2周肝功能改善且优于开腹组(P<0.05);(4)术后2周两组患者门静脉系统血流直径、流速及流量较术前改善(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜巨脾切除治疗肝硬化门静脉高压术中出血少,术后恢复快,并发症少,近期疗效好,安全可行,值得推广。     

Postoperative pulmonary function after laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy

In this prospective, randomized study, we compared 42 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 40 undergoing open cholecystectomy to determine if laparoscopic cholecystectomy results in less respiratory impairment and fewer respiratory complications. Pulmonary function tests, arterial blood-gas analysis and chest radiographs were obtained in both groups before operation and on the second day after operation. Postoperative pain scores and analgesic requirements were also recorded. After operation, a significant reduction in total lung capacity, functional residual capacity (FRC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75%) occurred after both laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy. The reductions in FRC, FEV1, FVC and FEF25-75% were smaller after laparoscopic (7%, 22%, 19% and 23%, respectively) than after open (21%, 38%, 32% and 34%, respectively) cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was also associated with a significantly lower incidence (28.6% vs 62.5%) and less severe atelectasis, better oxygenation and reduced postoperative pain and analgesia use compared with open cholecystectomy. We conclude that postoperative pulmonary function was impaired less after laparoscopic than after open cholecystectomy.      

红霉素与小剂量舒利迭治疗COPD的价值

目的：探讨红霉素与小剂量舒利迭治疗COPD的临床价值。方法选择80例患者,随机分为两组,各40例,对照组使用舒利迭每次1吸,每日2次,观察组则联合使用红霉素,1次0.25g,每日4次,同时将舒利迭每次1吸,每日1次,比较两组患者治疗后肺功能,血气分析结果及痰量及步行6min距离。结果治疗后观察组FVC、FEV1/预计值、FEV1/FVC及MVV均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,观察组治疗后血气分析中各指标基本恢复正常,其中pH高于对照组（P＜0.05）,PaO2高于对照组（P＜0.05）,PaCO2低于对照组（P＜0.05）,观察组步行6min距离显著长于对照组（P＜0.05）,且24h痰量少于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论红霉素联合舒利迭治疗COPD,能更快的改善患者肺功能,缓解患者临床症状,提高治疗效果。     

手助腹腔镜与开腹巨脾切除术对机体应激反应的影响

目的:总结手助腹腔镜与开腹巨脾切除术对患者术后机体应激反应的影响。方法:随机选取2006年8月至2011年10月40例巨脾患者,根据其经济状况及意愿分为两组,每组20例,分别行手助腹腔镜脾切除术(hand-assisted laparo-scopic splenectomy,HALS)及传统开腹脾切除术(open splenectomy,OS),对比分析两组患者术前、术后皮质醇(cortisol,COR)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)水平。结果:术后1天HALS组COR、TNF-α、IL-6、CRP水平均低于OS组(P<0.05),术后3天TNF-α、CRP水平低于OS组(P<0.05),术后5天CRP低于OS组(P<0.01)。结论:相对开腹手术而言,手助腹腔镜巨脾切除术对患者术后机体应激反应的影响较小,充分显示了其微创的优越性。     

Postoperative pulmonary dysfunction after bilateral inguinal hernia repair: a prospective randomized study comparing the Stoppa procedure with laparoscopic total extraperitoneal repair (TEPP)

The infraumbilical incision required for open repair of bilateral inguinal hernia with a giant prosthesis is associated with postoperative pain and respiratory impairment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative respiratory dysfunction after bilateral hernia surgery. Thirty-nine patients were randomized into two groups: open repair according to the Stoppa technique and laparoscopic extraperitoneal repair (TEPP). Respiratory function tests were performed before and 24 hours after surgery. The two groups were well matched for age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) risk score, type of hernia, and preoperative lung function. The postoperative forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1.0) were significantly altered in both groups. The PEF dropped 15% in both groups. The FVC dropped 22% after Stoppa versus 25% after laparoscopy (P = 0.7). The FEV 1.0 dropped 21% after Stoppa versus 9% after laparoscopy (P = 0.12). We conclude that laparoscopic preperitoneal and open bilateral hernia repair are followed by similar ventilatory dysfunction, although a trend toward better postoperative FEV 1.0 was noted after laparoscopy. This might play a role in selected patients with severe pulmonary limitations. Overall, the limited drop in pulmonary function following bilateral hernia repair under general anesthesia may serve to explain the low pulmonary morbidity that follows these procedures.     

手助腹腔镜脾切除与开腹脾切除对机体术后免疫功能影响的比较

目的研究手助腹腔镜脾切除术和开腹脾切除对机体免疫功能的影响,考察该术式的临床价值。方法16例肝硬化脾亢患者随机分为手助腹腔镜脾切除组和开腹脾切除组,比较两组病例术前、术后1d、3d、7d外周血淋巴细胞亚群的变化。结果开腹组术后1d、3d、7d的成熟淋巴细胞(CD3)、辅助淋巴细胞(CD4)及CD4与抑制性T淋巴细胞(CD8)的比值与术前相比明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。而腹腔镜组术后1d、3d、7d的CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8与术前相比没有显著差异(P>0.05)。结论手助腹腔镜脾切除术结合了微创外科和传统开腹手术的优点,具有安全、创伤小、恢复快的特点,具有很好的临床应用价值和前景。