腹腔镜手术治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病临床分析

目的探讨家族性腺瘤性息肉病(familial adenomatous polyposis,FAP)的微创外科治疗疗效与安全。 方法回顾性分析2010年2月至2017年3月于北京协和医院行腹腔镜手术治疗的16例FAP患者的病例资料。 结果16例患者均完成腹腔镜手术,其中行全结直肠切除、回肠储袋肛管吻合术6例,全结肠直肠切除、回肠端式造口5例,全结肠切除、回肠直肠吻合术5例;无中转开腹,手术时间(227.9±52.7)min,平均术中出血量(98.1±90.7)ml。5例(31.2%)发生腺瘤癌变,4例(25.0%)伴高级别上皮内瘤变。14例患者获得长期随访,其中4例患者残余直肠新发息肉、3例患者术后发生腹腔硬纤维瘤。1例FAP合并肠癌患者术后1.5年因肝转移死亡。 结论腹腔镜手术治疗FAP安全可行;FAP患者术后需定期复查。     

腹腔镜结直肠次全切除治疗轻中度家族性腺瘤性息肉病

由于家族性腺瘤性息肉病（FAP）患者结直肠恶变的风险大．保留直肠或部分结肠二期手术切除率高．临床上倾向于行全结直肠切除术,并在防止息肉复发、癌变上体现出良好的治疗效果。但患者术后的生活质量较低,术后水电解紊乱、排粪失禁、反复腹泻或肛门湿疹等并发症时有发生。而且FAP也可表现为结肠外病变．结直肠全切除并不能防止结肠外病变的发生。因此．部分学者认为。保留直肠或部分结肠手术（结直肠次全切除）对轻中度病例也是可以选择的术式．在严密随访下．能改善术后排粪情况,提高生活质量．如有癌变再二期行残留结直肠切除术。浙江中医药大学第一临床医学院自2006年9月起．对轻中度FAP患者实施腹腔镜结直肠次全切除术,至2010年7月．成功实施4例,临床效果满意。     

腹腔镜辅助下全结直肠切除术10例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助下全结直肠切除术的可行性、安全性。方法2008年10月-2011年10月行腹腔镜辅助下全结肠切除术10例,其中家族性腺瘤性息肉病4例,息肉癌变2例,结直肠多发癌1例,慢性溃疡性结直肠炎3例。建立气腹后,超声刀游离病变肠管系膜,并用可吸收夹夹闭主要血管后,Endo—GIA离断直肠下端,辅助切口4～6cm,取出切除标本,用管形吻合器行直肠-回肠吻合。结果10例腹腔镜辅助下全结直肠切除术均获成功,手术时间（364±37）min,术中出血量（200±59）ml,术后胃肠功能恢复时间（68±18）h,住院时间14～20d。术后无腹腔出血、内脏器官损伤等并发症。10例随访6～36个月,大便3～13次／d,3例结、直肠癌无肿瘤复发、转移。结论在熟练掌握腹腔镜结直肠部分切除术前提下,腹腔镜辅助下全结直肠切除术是安全、可行的。     

家族性腺瘤性息肉病

家族性腺瘤性息肉病晏仲舒，廖国庆家族性腺瘤性息肉病（ＦＡＰ）为常染色体显性遗传病，外显率达９０％以上［１］，按出生人口计其发病率约为１／５０００～１／１７０００［１，２］，如不治疗，最终１００％会发展成大肠癌。虽然由ＦＡＰ所致的在肠癌仅占１％～５％，...     

腹腔镜辅助下回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病的临床体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助下回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病(familial adenomatous polyposis,FAP)的临床价值。方法:回顾分析2006～2011年为13例FAP患者分别行腹腔镜辅助回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术及回肠储袋与肛管吻合术的临床资料,并进行对比分析。结果:两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后切口长度、进食时间、住院时间、住院费用差异均无统计学意义。术后6个月随访,腹腔镜辅助下回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术较回肠储袋肛管吻合术后患者排便次数明显减少,肛管静息压及最大收缩压明显增高。结论:与传统回肠储袋肛管吻合术相比,回肠储袋直肠肌管吻合手术保留了部分直肠肌管,不仅有效减少了盆底肌肉损伤的可能性,而且很好地保护了肛门括约肌,因而可更好地保留患者的控排便功能。     

腹腔镜辅助下全结直肠切除术治疗结直肠多发性疾病

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助下全结直肠切除术治疗结直肠多发疾病的可行性与安全性。方法:回顾性分析11例在腹腔镜辅助下进行的全结肠切除术患者的临床资料,其中家族性腺瘤性息肉病(FAP)2例,息肉癌变2例,结直肠多发癌3例,慢性溃疡性结直肠炎2例,慢性顽固性便秘2例。结果:11例腹腔镜辅助下全结肠切除术均成功,手术时间约(348±47)m in,术中出血量约(187±68)m l,术后胃肠功能恢复时间(65±18)h,辅助切口3~5 cm,术后无腹腔出血、感染、吻合口瘘等并发症;随访6~24月,大便5~12次/d;无肿瘤复发、转移。结论:在熟练掌握腹腔镜操作技术和开腹大肠切除技巧的前提下,完成腹腔镜辅助下全结直肠切除术是安全可行的。     

家族性腺瘤性息肉病并癌变一例

笔者曾遇到家族性腺瘤性息肉病（familial adenomatous polyposis,FAP）并癌变1例,现报道如下。 临床资料 病人：女性,现年48岁。2007年10月4日因“大便带血1（）余年”入院,结肠镜示盲肠至直肠密布大小不等数百枚息肉,其中距肛门10cm处可见一大小约3cm×3cm菜花样新生物,质脆。病理检查示直肠腺癌,术前诊断为家族性腺瘤性息肉病并癌变。鉴于病人拒绝行全结直肠切除术．,且息肉主要集中于乙状结肠和直肠上段,于10月9日手术切除肿瘤及其上部10cin肠管,并行结肠一肛管吻合。     

中间入路法腹腔镜辅助全结直肠切除的临床应用

目的探讨中间入路法腹腔镜辅助全结直肠切除的安全性及可行性。方法回顾性分析2005年10月至2012年1月间在南方医科大学附属南方医院普通外科接受中间入路法腹腔镜辅助全结直肠切除术的21例患者的临床资料。结果除1例（4．8％）因腹腔内严重粘连而中转开腹外．余20例患者顺利完成腹腔镜手术。手术时间（237．1±64．2）rain,术中出血量（90．0±77．7）ml,术后排气时间（2．7±0．8）d,术后住院时间（11．8±5．7）d。术后并发症3例（14．3％）,其中吻合口瘘、淋巴漏和吻合口狭窄各1例。随访时间4～60（中位22）个月,死亡2例,其中1例于术后5个月死于肿瘤进展．1例死于多器官衰竭。结论应用中间入路法行腹腔镜辅助全结直肠切除可简化手术步骤、维持外科层面、缩短手术时间,在腹腔镜结直肠手术经验较为丰富的单位开展是安全可行的。     

完全性腹腔镜全结肠切除治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病临床研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜完全性全结肠切除术治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病的可行性与安全性.方法 应用腹腔镜全结肠切除术治疗家族性息肉病患者68例,总结手术过程及术后恢复情况.结果 68例均在腹腔镜完全性全结肠切除术成功,下腹部正中切口长度平均为5cm,手术时间130～340min,术中失血约30～240mL.术后前3d的腹腔日平均引流量约30mL,术后1～2天排便排气,住院时间6～9d.术后3个月随访无近期并发症发生.结论 腹腔镜完全性全结肠切除治疗FAP创伤小、恢复快、安全、可行,但尚需进一步的手术病例积累.     

Laparoscopic restorative total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis for familial adenomatous polyposis

BACKGROUND: Familial adenomatous polyposis is a hereditary disease characterized by the presence of thousands of colonic adenomas, which, if untreated, invariably undergo malignant transformation. Because this disease manifests at a young age, the laparoscopic approach to perform surgery would be desirable due to its cosmetic benefits. We describe our experience with this procedure and review the literature on the topic. METHODS: This is a case series of 15 patients who underwent restorative proctocolectomy with ileo-anal pouch anastomosis for familial adenomatous polyposis between 2000 and 2007. The salient operative steps are described. RESULTS: There were 9 males and 6 females, 32 to 52 years of age, with an average age of 44.8 years. The median body mass index was 21.5 (range, 17 to 28). Rectal cancer was already present in 4 patients at the time of diagnosis. The median operating time was 225 minutes. Mean blood loss was 60 mL, with none of the patients requiring perioperative blood transfusion. None of the surgeries required conversion to the open approach. Bowel function resumed on the second postoperative day in 12 patients and on the third postoperative day in 3 patients. The median hospital stay was 8 days. Postoperatively, there was no mortality and no serious morbidity. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis is a feasible surgery for familial adenomatous polyposis, and considering its cosmetic benefit, is a desirable option for this group of predominantly young patients.     

腹腔镜全结直肠切除并拖出式直肠黏膜剥离术治疗FAP及UC

目的探讨腹腔镜全结直肠切除并拖出式直肠黏膜剥离术治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病(FAP)及溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的可行性及安全性。方法自2007年12月至2009年9月,应用腹腔镜全结直肠切除治疗FAP9例及UC4例,除2例因直肠癌变行回肠造口外,其余11例均在腹腔镜下游离全结直肠后,将直肠外翻拖出后行直肠黏膜剥离,再将回肠J型储袋与齿线行手工吻合。结果 13例手术均在腹腔镜辅助下成功完成,平均手术时间(248.8±27.8)min,平均出血量(61.0±27.7)ml,辅助切口平均长度(3.8±1.0)cm,术后2~3d排气。所有患者术后恢复顺利,无严重并发症。所有患者随访超过4个月,肛门功能恢复较满意。结论腹腔镜辅助全结直肠切除、拖出式直肠黏膜剥离并回肠储袋肛管吻合术是可行、安全及微创的,在保证对疾病治疗彻底性的同时,能取得较满意的近期效果。     

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目的 总结家族性息肉病的临床诊断与治疗经验。方法 对1985—2003年21例家族性息肉病病人的诊断与治疗进行回顾性分析。结果 21例均行纤维结肠镜检查，诊断全结肠及直肠息肉14例(67％)、直肠及乙状结肠息肉7例(33％)。21例均行手术治疗。结论 家族性息肉病有明显的家族史，临床以血便为主要表现，同时可伴有腹痛、腹泻。纤维结肠镜临床检查可确定诊断。手术是治疗家族性息肉病的首要方法。可根据病人的具体情况选择术式。     

Long-term follow-up of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis undergoing pancreaticoduodenal surgery

Adenomatous polyps and adenocarcinomas of the periampullary region are the most common upper gastrointestinal neoplasms encountered in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients. Tumors arising from the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas have also been reported. The purpose of this study was to review the clinical outcome of FAP patients after pancreaticoduodenal surgery for periampullary neoplasms. Of the 61 individuals participating in our prospective FAP registry, 8 underwent surgical resection of periampullary neoplasms between 1987 and 1998. The charts of these individuals were reviewed for clinical indications, type of pancreaticoduodenal surgery, postoperative complications, and outcome. Of the 8 patients identified, 7 had pancreaticoduodenectomy and 1 had duodenotomy with ampullectomy. The indications for surgery were periampullary cancer (3), severe dysplasia within a duodenal villous tumor (4), and solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (1). At the time of pancreaticoduodenal surgery, patients ranged in age from 29–65 years, and all but one had undergone colorectal surgery, on average 16 years beforehand. Pancreatic ascites after a pylorus-sparing pancreaticoduodenectomy was the only surgical complication. At a median follow-up of 70.5 months (range 37–162), 2 patients had died, neither from their periampullary neoplasm. The patient treated by local excision subsequently developed gastric cancer arising from a polyp and went on to gastrectomy. Another patient developed confluent benign jejunal adenomas just beyond the gastroenteric anastomosis almost 12 years after pancreaticoduodenectomy for severe dysplasia of a duodenal villous adenoma. Pancreaticoduodenectomy is a safe and appropriate surgical option for FAP patients with duodenal villous tumors containing severe dysplasia or carcinoma. Postoperative morbidity was minimal and there was no perioperative mortality. Good long-term prognosis can be expected in completely resected patients although subsequent proliferative and/or neoplastic lesions may still be detected in the gastrointestinal tract with prolonged follow-up. Presented at the Forty-Second Annual Meeting of The Society of the Alimentary Tract, Atlanta, Georgia, May 20–23, 2001 (poster presentation).     

完全性腹腔镜全结肠切除治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病(附8例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜完全性全结肠切除术治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病(fam ilial adenom atous polyposis,FAP)的可行性与安全性。方法:应用腹腔镜全结肠切除术治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病8例,总结手术过程及术后恢复情况。结果:8例手术均获成功,下腹部正中切口长度平均为5 cm,手术时间260~340m in,术中失血约80~350m l。术后2~3d排便排气,住院时间6~10d。随访2~3个月无近期并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜完全性全结肠切除治疗FAP创伤小、恢复快,安全、可行,但尚需进一步的手术病例积累。     

Slow progression of periampullary neoplasia in familial adenomatous polyposis

Variable endoscopic surveillance protocols and treatment strategies have been proposed for periampullary neoplasia in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), primarily because of the lack of long-term, prospective natural history data. A total of 115 patients with FAP were followed prospectively for 10 years with periodic side-viewing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy by a single surgeon. The appearance of the duodenum was classified as stages 1 to 5. Statistical analysis included one-way analysis of variance for age comparisons between stage groupings and Kaplan-Meier analysis for the lifetime risks of having a particular stage of duodenal polyposis. Eighty-seven patients had multiple endoscopies over an average of 6.6 years. Thirty-three subjects had a change in stage, within an average time of 3.9 years at an average age of 41 years. The risk of having stage 3 or 4 duodenal neoplasia increased exponentially after the age of 40. The degree of dysplasia did not correlate with stage at initial classification. Progression of neoplasia in the duodenum of patients with FAP is slow. The severity of duodenal polyposis increases with age and is not influenced by the initial stage. The average time for progression of adenoma to carcinoma is likely long. Presented at the Forty-Third Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, San Francisco, California, May 19–22, 2002 (oral presentation). Supported in part by the National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCIC) and the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS).     

家族性腺瘤性息肉病患者结直肠癌变的外科预防

目的 探讨家族性腺瘤性息肉病(FAP)患者结直肠癌变外科预防的手术时机和术式选择.方法 回顾性分析我院近年来连续诊治的43例FAP患者结直肠癌的发病状况及预防性手术治疗的疗效.结果 未经手术干预的FAP患者,20岁、25岁、30岁、35岁、40岁、45岁、50岁时的累积结直肠癌变风险分别约为0、10.4%、25.3%、32.4%、63.0%、76.9%、86.2%;发生结直肠癌变的病例中有84.6%发生直肠癌变.11例患者在我院接受了预防性手术治疗,无手术死亡,3例全结直肠切除、回肠J-Pouch肛管手工吻合术患者术后并发吻合口瘘.1例结肠次全切除的患者于术后13年直肠癌变.3例回肠J-Pouch肛管吻合患者无肛门失禁,每日排便4～6次.结论 FAP患者预防性手术治疗时机应在20岁之前,最迟不超过25岁,全结直肠切除、回肠J-Pouch肛管吻合器吻合术预防结直肠癌变安全有效,适合作为预防性手术的首选术式.     

Gastroduodenal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis

Background: Malignant degeneration of gastroduodenal polyps has been noted in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. To evaluate this problem further, patients with familial adenomatous polyposis were contacted and offered upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy. Methods: A prospective endoscopic examination was performed in 42 patients. Results: The median age of patients at endoscopy was 35 years. The duration of known familial adenomatous polyposis at the time of endoscopy was 8 years. Polyps were visualized in 21 patients (50%). Gastric polyps were seen in 14 patients (33%), duodenal polyps were seen in 11 patients (26%), and ampullary polyps were seen in 7 patients (17%). Nine patients (43%) had polyps in more than one site. Adenomatous change was noted in 73% of duodenal lesions and in only 14% of gastric polyps. Surgical intervention was required in four patients; one patient had an early ampullary carcinoma, and three patients had severe dysplasia involving the duodenum or ampulla. All four patients had undergone a previous screening examination, results of which were normal in three patients. Compared with other patients, these four patients were older (median age, 58 years; p=0.02) and had a longer duration of disease (median duration, 25 years; p=0.002). Conclusions: All patients with familial adenomatous polyposis require lifelong endoscopic surveillance to detect malignant degeneration, which may appear later in life.Presented in part at the Scientific Session of the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons, Phoenix, AZ, USA, 2–3 April 1993 This study was supported by a grant from the Eleanor Naylor Dana Charitable Trust, New York, NY, USA