电视胸腔镜手术207例报告

目的总结电视胸腔镜手术(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)治疗胸部疾病的体会. 方法 1997年10月～2004年3月,开展VATS 207例,包括自发性气胸肺大疱结扎或切除155例,自发性或创伤性血气胸紧急探查止血30例,肺部良性疾病行肺楔形切除、活检14例,纵隔肿瘤摘除8例. 结果 190例经胸腔镜完成手术,12例附加胸部小切口,5例中转开胸手术.胸部手术时间20～180 min,平均56 min.术后住院5～52 d,平均9 d.术后并发症17例,占8.2%(17/207),其中肺泡漏9例,复张性肺水肿6例,胸腔感染2例.2例术后3～4个月自发性气胸复发. 结论 VATS治疗自发性气胸肺大疱、创伤性血气胸和某些胸部良性疾病较传统开胸手术具有更多优点,适时附加胸部小切口,积极防治并发症,可使VATS更安全.     

电视胸腔镜手术治疗胸部疾病164例

目的总结电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)治疗胸部疾病的经验。方法回顾性分析2005年7月至2011年12月内蒙古医学院附属医院完成的164例VATS患者的临床资料,男109例,女55例;年龄49.6(5～73)岁。术前临床诊断病种包括自发性气胸、肺部良性肿瘤、原发性肺癌、纵隔肿瘤、纵隔囊肿、心包积液、恶性胸水、急性脓胸、胸外伤等胸部疾病。结果全组无手术死亡,有2例中转开胸,其中1例因胸膜致密粘连,1例因胸腺瘤有外侵,余均完成VATS。术中出血量均<100 ml,未输血。3例自发性气胸患者术后肺持续漏气,自胸腔闭式引流管内交替注入高渗葡萄糖、碘伏2～3次后,分别在术后第8 d、第10 d、第14 d停止肺漏气。5例患者切口渗出、延迟愈合。全组均顺利出院,术后平均住院时间7.8(5～16)d。结论合理选择VATS手术适应证,可获得良好的诊治效果,值得在基层医院推广应用。     

电视胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸130例

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术(video assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)治疗自发性气胸的价值。方法 1999年3月～2009年12月,对130例自发性气胸行VATS下肺大疱切除及胸膜固定术。结果 130例手术均成功,无中转开胸。手术时间30～150min,平均45min;术中出血50ml。1例术后出现血胸,24h引流量700ml,二次VATS探查出血原因为胸壁粘连带钛夹脱落。10例漏气时间4d,均为合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者。术后住院3～10d,平均5d。130例随访1～84个月,平均48个月,无复发。结论 VAIS安全可靠、创伤小,是治疗自发性气胸的首选方法 。     

58例电视胸腔镜辅助小切口胸外科手术体会

目的总结分析58例电视胸腔镜辅助小切口外科手术(VAMT)的疗效。方法回顾性分析2000年6月至2009年2月期间同一手术小组完成的58例行电视胸腔镜辅助小切口胸外科手术的临床资料。手术方式包括单纯肺大疱切除12例,纵隔肿瘤切除3例,肺叶切除及楔形切除22例,胸膜、肺疾病活检15例,胸膜、肺疾病活检同时行恶性胸腔积液胸膜腔闭锁术6例。结果58例VAMT手术顺利。肺楔形切除术后持续漏气造成胸管拔除延迟1例,术后并发症发生率1.7%。结论VAMT和VATS手术一样,比传统胸外科手术具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少等优点,而VAMT手术可在胸腔镜辅助下应用常规器材操作,比VATS手术耗材少、费用低。     

电视胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸的临床应用

目的:探讨胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸的可行性及疗效。方法:经胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸16例。结果:手术过程顺利,术后均未发生严重并发症。疗效满意。结论: (1)肺大泡破裂自发性气胸是胸腔镜手术最佳的适应证,与传统开胸手术相比,胸腔镜手术具有患者创伤小,手术时间短,术后疼痛轻,康复快,符合美容要求等特点; (2)反复发作的单侧自发性气胸,行胸腔闭式引流术后持续漏气7d,双侧自发性气胸,不论是否同时发作都可考虑胸腔镜手术治疗; (3)自发性气胸并胸膜粘连可用胸腔镜辅助小切口行粘连松解肺大泡切除术; (4)为减少一次性材料的消耗,降低手术成本,可辅助小切口使用常规胸科手术器械完成手术; (5)为减少术后复发率需行胸膜固定术。     

电视胸腔镜手术34例

３４例电视胸腔镜手术，包括自发性气胸１６例，纵隔良性肿瘤７例，肺结节、球形病灶７例，胸膜疾病２例，外伤血气胸、食管平滑肌瘤各１例。手术时间２５～１３０分钟，平均５７．７分钟。术后带胸腔引流管时间２４～４８小时，平均住院９．２天，术后并发症３例，但均非胸腔镜特发性并发症，无手术死亡。取得较好的近期效果。     

电视胸腔镜手术在胸外科的应用

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)在胸外科的应用. 方法回顾分析1998年7月～2002年12月78例胸腔镜手术的临床资料.其中:自发性气胸肺大疱切除40例,胸外伤探查12例,肺包块楔形切除9例,胸膜活检 胸膜固定6例,纵隔肿瘤切除4例,肺叶切除4例,肺叶切除术后支气管胸膜瘘2例,食管平滑肌瘤切除1例. 结果无一例中转开胸,5例因胸膜顶粘连辅助小切口.3例中老年自发性气胸术后持续漏气,分别于第7,8,13天拔除胸管,其余均在48h内拔除胸管.5例引流管口延期愈合.手术并发症发生率10.3%(8/78). 结论 VATS在胸外科有广阔的发展空间,一次性耗材价格昂贵限制其临床应用,腔镜下缝合技术或打结技术的应用比较适合目前的国情,节省医疗费用.     

局麻清醒下电视胸腔镜手术治疗青少年自发性气胸

青少年原发性自发性气胸通常采用经胸穿抽气或胸腔闭式引流的保守治疗方法。目前,电视胸腔镜手术（video—assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS）被认为是治疗自发性气胸的标准手术方式。但是此术式通常在全麻插双腔气管导管,单侧肺通气下施行。     

胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸术后选择性不留置胸腔闭式引流8例报告

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)治疗自发性气胸术后选择性不留置胸腔闭式引流的可行性。方法 2015年4~10月在VATS治疗20例中青年自发性气胸中,依据患者术中肺大疱情况和胸腔排气后胸腔引流情况选择8例术后不留置胸腔闭式引流。结果 8例术后第1天切口疼痛轻微,无须止痛治疗,切口皮肤无坏死,出院后门诊复诊1~2次,平均1.8次。8例随访3~8个月,平均5.2月,无气胸复发。结论自发性气胸患者胸腔镜手术后选择性不留置胸腔引流管安全可行,有利于减少患者术后不适,避免引流管口皮肤坏死。     

局部麻醉下经电视胸腔镜和小切口开胸诊治胸膜、肺部疾病

目的探讨局部麻醉下经电视胸腔镜和胸部小切口诊治胸膜、肺部疾病的可行性。方法自2002年2月至2005年3月,对30例胸膜、肺疾病患者施行局部麻醉下开胸手术。按手术方法的不同将患者分为两组,小切口开胸组:16例,在局部麻醉下采用胸部小切口在开放性气胸状态下对增厚的胸膜和弥漫性肺疾病进行活组织检查;电视胸腔镜组:14例,在局部麻醉下经胸腔镜在闭合性气胸状态下诊治恶性胸水、复发性气胸等。结果小切口开胸组中行胸膜活检13例,其中10例为恶性肿瘤胸膜转移、胸膜淀粉样变1例、胸膜纤维增生样改变2例;弥漫性肺疾病活检3例,3例中肺间质性纤维化2例、型肺结核1例。电视胸腔镜组14例中,除1例因发现胸腔内有致密粘连而转行全身麻醉下开胸手术外,其余13例均在局部麻醉下完成胸膜活检,复发性气胸肺大泡切除,顽固性胸水的胸膜固定术;电视胸腔镜组中用胸腔镜辅助诊断为恶性胸水4例,肝性胸水1例;胸腔镜辅助治疗10例,其中顽固性(含肝性胸水)胸水行胸膜固定术8例,复发性气胸行肺大泡切除和胸膜固定术2例。两组患者均无手术并发症和死亡。结论局部麻醉下经胸腔镜及胸部小切口能够完成胸膜、肺疾病活检术及简单的手术。该方法经济、微创、对麻醉要求低,有利于临床普遍开展。     

单孔胸腔镜治疗胸部良性病变18例

目的探讨单孔胸腔镜手术在胸部良性病变治疗中的可行性及安全性。方法2012年10月～2013年8月,施行全麻双腔气管插管下单孔胸腔镜手术18例。于腋前线与腋中线间第4或第5肋间做切口长2～3cm,置入5mm 30°胸腔镜和器械,行肺大疱切除、胸膜固定术12例,胸腔止血、肺大疱切除、胸膜固定术1例,肺楔形切除术3例,胸腺囊肿切除术1例,纵隔肿瘤切除术1例。结果无中转开胸或增加辅助切口。自发性气胸12例,自发性血气胸1例,肺结核球3例,胸腺囊肿1例,纵隔神经鞘瘤1例。手术时间30～82min,平均55min,出血量10～100ml,平均50ml。胸腔闭式引流时间2～5d,平均3．5d。术后随访2～12个月,平均5．2月,无复发及其他并发症。结论单孔胸腔镜手术治疗胸部良性病变简单易行,安全可靠。     

胸腔镜手术治疗老年肺气肿自发性气胸43例

目的探讨胸腔镜手术治疗老年肺气肿自发性气胸的适应证和手术方法。方法1994年9月～2011年12月,胸腔镜手术治疗43例老年肺气肿自发性气胸。单发或成簇大疱者行完全胸腔镜手术（video－assisted thoracosc opiesurgery,VATS）,多发肺大疱和经济较困难者行胸腔镜辅助小切口手术（video－assisted minithoracotomy,VAMT）,中重度肺气肿肺大疱切除或肺减容者行胸腔镜辅助小切口管状奈维垫片手术（VAMT＋Neoveiｌ）。结果VATS组16例,VAMT组15例,VAMT＋Neoveil组12例。术后持续漏气超过15天8例,无其他并发症,均治愈出院,无死亡。随访1年5例,2～4年38例,复发2例,经胸腔闭式引流术治愈。结论电视胸腔镜手术是治疗老年肺气肿自发性气胸有效的治疗方法,直线切割缝合器加管状奈维垫片切除肺气肿肺大疱术后胸腔引流时间和住院时间短,并发症少,且操作简单,安全确切,扩大肺气肿自发性气胸手术适应证。     

Ipsilateral recurrence frequency after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for primary spontaneous pneumothorax.

OBJECTIVE: We retrospectively evaluated the results of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for primary spontaneous pneumothorax and recurrence. METHODS: A series of 424 patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax were treated by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery-289 with an ipsilateral recurrent episode, 88 with persistent air leakage for 7 days or longer, 34 with a contralateral episode, 9 with hemopneumothorax, and 4 with tension pneumothorax. The commonest management was stapling of an identified bleb, undertaken in 375 patients (88.4%). Pleural abrasion was conducted in 250 (59.0%), but the abraded area was one-third or less of the thoracic cavity in 187 (74.8%). RESULTS: No operative deaths occurred. Revisional thoracotomy was required in 1 patient with postoperative bleeding and another with incomplete postoperative lung reexpansion; 26 had prolonged air leakage, but none required revisional thoracotomy. During a mean follow-up of 31.4 months, ipsilateral pneumothorax recurred in 40 patients (9.4%), with 26 (65.0%) having recurrence within 1 year postoperatively. A video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was conducted again in 8, and thoracotomy in 14. CONCLUSIONS: The ipsilateral recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was high at 9.4%. If video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is to be considered as a treatment for spontaneous pneumothorax, we must therefore reduce postoperative ipsilateral recurrence by training practitioners not to overlook blebs during the procedure and/or consider widening the area of pleurodesis.     

手术医生应用膨肺机自控膨肺在自发性气胸胸腔镜手术中的应用

目的探讨胸外科医生自控膨肺的方法。方法2012年1月-2013年3月,在胸腔镜手术治疗25例自发性气胸病人过程中,手术医生使用膨肺机自控膨肺探查肺上病灶,确定切除范围及术侧胸腔排气。结果25例均顺利完成手术,24例完全胸腔镜下手术,1例胸腔镜辅助小切口手术。每例膨肺2～7次,平均3．6次。每次膨肺时间5—10s。胸腔排气所需时间30～45s。无术后肺部感染。随访6～21个月,平均14个月,术侧无气胸复发。结论自控膨肺是现代化的膨肺模式,具有手术医生膨肺自主、膨肺状态可控、操作快捷等优点,值得进一步研究推广。     

Fluoroscopy-assisted thoracoscopic surgery after computed tomography-guided bronchoscopic barium marking

BACKGROUND: Small lesions of the peripheral lung have been detected more frequently with the recent prevalence of computed tomography (CT). Identification of these lesions is indispensable for wedge resection performed by video-assisted thoracic surgery. Previous reports of marking techniques showed some failure and complications. We have developed a new marking technique and herein describe the efficacy of this technique: fluoroscopy-assisted thoracoscopic surgery after computed tomography-guided bronchoscopic barium marking. METHODS: Twenty patients underwent this procedure for 21 small peripheral pulmonary lesions approximately 10 mm in size. RESULTS: All the lesions were successfully marked and identified during fluoroscopy-assisted thoracoscopy. They were resected with sufficient margins. There were no complications related to this procedure. The pathologic examination of these 21 lesions revealed primary lung cancer in 14, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia in four, a metastatic tumor in one, and a benign tumor in two. CONCLUSIONS: This procedure is both a reliable and minimally invasive technique in thoracoscopic wedge resection for small peripheral pulmonary lesions.     

Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery after Preoperative CT-Guided Lipiodol Marking of Small or Impalpable Pulmonary Nodules

Purpose: Small pulmonary lesions that include ground-glass attenuation have been increasingly discovered because of progressive imaging diagnostic technologies. Despite the detection of such small lesions, sometimes it is quite difficult to localize them because of their size or considerable depth from the visceral pleura. In the present study, we examined the usefulness of computed tomography-guided lipiodol marking for thoracoscopic resection of impalpable pulmonary nodules.Methods: Fifty-six patients with an undiagnosed peripheral lesion(s) of the lung who had undergone preoperative computed tomography-guided lipiodol marking followed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery were studied.Results: All of the nodules were successfully marked by computed tomography-guided lipiodol marking, and all except for one case were localized by means of intraoperative fluoroscopy as clear spots. With regard to complications, pneumothorax occurred in 21 patients (37.5%), and only one patient required transient drainage. Although hemorrhaging in the lung parenchyma and hemosputum occurred in nine patients (16.1%) and one patient (1.8%), respectively, no patients were in serious condition. No intra- or postoperative mortality or morbidity was observed.Conclusion: Preoperative computed tomography-guided lipiodol marking of small or impalpable pulmonary nodules is a safe and useful procedure for thoracoscopic resection of the lung.     

Thoracoscopic surgery for diseases of the lung and pleura. Effectiveness, changing indications, and limitations.

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the results of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) with thoracoscopic surgery (TS) for diseases of the lung and pleura. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: No studies exist that compare the capabilities of VATS with advanced video systems and instrumentation to that of TS which has been done for 80 years. METHODS: A retrospective study was done comparing the effectiveness, indications, complications, and limitations of TS and VATS done for four categories of pleural disease: 1) pleural fluid problems, 2) diffuse lung disease, 3) lung masses, and 4) pneumothorax. The TS period was 1981-1990. The VATS period was 1991-1992. RESULTS: Eighty-nine consecutive TS cases and 64 consecutive VATS cases were reviewed. TS for resolution of pleural fluid problem was successful in 29 of 34 patients (85%), and VATS was successful in 18 of 20 (90%). Diffuse lung disease was diagnosed by TS using a cup biopsy on end-stage patients in respiratory failure. Since 1991 the diagnosis has been made with VATS using stapled wedge excisions on ambulatory patients. Surgical mortality decreased from 33% (10 of 30) to 9% (1 of 11) and the postoperative stay from 16.6 +/- 2.4 days to 8.2 +/- 2.2 days. Lung masses were diagnosed entirely by incisional biopsies using TS. Diagnosis was made in 83% and postoperative stay was 5.3 +/- 1.0 day. VATS allowed excisional biopsies permitting diagnosis in 100% with a postoperative stay of 3.0 +/- 0.2 days (p = 0.05). However, 20% required conversion to thoracotomy to locate the subpleural mass. TS was performed for spontaneous pneumothorax in only 26% (5 of 19) of the total pneumothorax cases, whereas, VATS was used for spontaneous pneumothorax in 67% (12 of 18). CONCLUSION: VATS has continued the effectiveness of TS for treating pleural fluid problems, has resulted in earlier surgical diagnostic intervention in diffuse lung disease and earlier therapeutic intervention in primary pneumothorax states, and has markedly expanded the safety, efficacy and indications for lung mass biopsy.     

Usefulness of thoracoscopic surgery in the diagnosis and management of thoracic diseases

BACKGROUND: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has been recently utilised in the diagnosis and management of thoracic diseases. In this article we report our series of patients with established indications for VATS treatment. METHODS: Over the past 6 years we performed 104 VATS procedures for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in 95 men and 39 women. The specific indications for VATS were: lung biopsy for undiagnosed diffuse lung disease, mediastinal biopsy and cysts, pleural effusion, empyema, pneumothorax and bullous lung disease, pericardial effusion and cyst, parvertebral abscess and solitary pulmonary nodules. RESULTS: There was no operative mortality. Postoperative non-fatal complications were seen in 7 cases. The overall median duration of chest tube drainage was 2.5 days and the mean postoperative stay 3 days. In diffuse lung disease a tissue diagnosis was obtained in all cases. Definitive diagnosis in the patients with undiagnosed pleural effusion was obtained in 90% of cases and the overall diagnostic rate was 98.5%. The success rate of the empyema (stage II) treatment and the therapeutic procedures is 100% after a mean follow-up of 12 months (range 6-30). Conversion to thoracotomy was needed in 6 cases. In all patients the postoperative pain was controlled with intake of non-narcotic analgesics with satisfactory results. CONCLUSIONS: VATS is worth considering and has been established as procedure of choice, with exceptional results in various chest diseases such as undiagnosed pleural effusions, recurrent, post-traumatic or complicated spontaneous pneumothorax, stage II empyema, accurate staging for lung cancer in the resection of peripheral solitary pulmonary nodule less than 3 cm, and lung biopsy for pulmonary diffuse disease.     

单孔胸腔镜手术在白发性气胸治疗中的应用

目的探讨单孔电视胸腔镜下治疗原发性自发性气胸的可行性和安全性。方法回顾分析15例自发性气胸的临床资料,全部采用单孔电视胸腔镜手术。结果全组患者术中出血10。50ml,平均15．6ml;胸腔引流管放置1～5d,平均1．8d：术后住院1—6d,平均2．8d。术后6h、24h疼痛指数（VAS）平均为2．2、3．1,无需药物处理。术后随访1～14个月,无复发及其他并发症发生。结论单孔电视胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸安全可靠。