血管分叉角度对冠状动脉分叉病变介入治疗中分支血管闭塞的影响

目的:探讨在冠状动脉分叉病变经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中,血管分叉角度对分支血管闭塞的影响。方法:连续入选1 171例接受分叉病变行PCI的患者(1 200处分叉病变)。所有分叉角度的中位数为52°,以此为界分为低角度组(587例,600处分叉病变)和高角度组(584例,600处分叉病变)两组。分支血管闭塞是指PCI术后分支血流消失或心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验(TIMI)血流分级下降。分析两组患者分支血管的闭塞率,并通过多因素Logistic回归分析评价血管分叉角度对分支血管闭塞在介入治疗后的影响。结果:入选的1 200处分叉病变中,在PCI后共有88例病变出现分支血管闭塞(发生率为7.33%)。分支血管闭塞在高角度组的发生率明显高于低角度组(10.5%vs 4.2%,P0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示血管分叉角度大是分支血管闭塞的独立预测因素(比值比=1.026,95%可信区间:1.014~1.037,P0.01)。结论:血管分叉角度大是主支血管支架置入后分支血管闭塞的独立预测因素。分叉角度大的分支血管闭塞风险不能被忽视。     

冠状动脉分叉病变置入支架后分支狭窄率的变化

目的研究冠状动脉分叉病变的主支经支架治疗后分支闭塞的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2005年9月至2006年1月在我院接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的92例患者共121处分叉病变,术后进行定量血管造影分析,探讨分支闭塞的相关因素。结果分叉病变主支置入支架后,分支狭窄程度与分支自身的斑块负荷、分支参考直径、分叉角度、主支斑块负荷相关。其中,分支狭窄程度与分支和主支自身的斑块负荷呈正相关,与分叉角度、分支直径呈负相关。逐步回归分析显示:Y=0.48A-11.4B-0.23C 0.22D(Y:主支支架术后分支面积狭窄率,单位:%;A:分支狭窄率;B:分支参考直径;C:分叉角度;D:主支狭窄率)。结论分叉病变置入支架后分支狭窄程度与分支自身的斑块负荷、分支参考直径、分叉角度以及主支斑块负荷相关。分支自身的病变越重、分支越小、分叉角度越小及主支的病变越重,介入治疗后分支闭塞的可能性越大。     

冠状动脉分叉病变介入治疗中分支血管闭塞风险评估

<正>冠状动脉分叉病变是经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)中的常见病变,约占PCI治疗总量的15%~20%[1]。冠心病分叉病变介入治疗对术者技术要求高,介入治疗所需时间长,且介入治疗过程中的分支血管闭塞等导致严重后果。冠心病分叉病变介入治疗过程中的分支血管闭塞发生率约为6%~19%[2~4]。分支血管闭塞会引起心     

冠状动脉分叉病变二维与三维定量分析测量结果的对比研究

目的比较二维(2D)与三维(3D)冠状动脉造影定量分析(QCA)在冠状动脉分叉病变中所得出的相关参数,探讨3D-QCA在分叉病变临床应用中的潜在价值。方法入选176例于我院接受PCI治疗的冠状动脉分叉病变患者。使用Medis分叉病变软件对所有病变分别进行2D-QCA与3D-QCA分析。得到的参数包括:最小管腔直径,管腔狭窄程度,最小管腔面积,面积狭窄程度,病变长度,主支和分支远端分叉角度。比较相关参数的差异,并进行相关性及一致性分析。结果对于主支血管,3D-QCA直径及面积狭窄率小于2D-QCA(63.6±11.5 vs 71.6±17.5;81.2±11.8 vs 88.9±12.8,P0.05);而对于分支血管,3D-QCA直径及面积狭窄率大于2D-QCA(42.0±15.6 vs 30.2±20.3; 54.2±18.2 vs 47.2±25.2,P0.05)。3D-QCA所测病变长度均大于2D-QCA。另外,3D-QCA分析出的分叉角度明显小于2D-QCA(50.1±13.5 vs53.9±20.0,P=0.006)。各参数间存在一定相关性,但一致性欠佳。结论2D-QCA与3D-QCA在分析冠状动脉分叉病变时所得结果存在一定相关性,但一致性欠佳。需要更多的研究来证实和发掘3D-QCA在分叉病变分析中的优势。     

冠状动脉分叉病变支架术对相关分支的影响

目的　了解支架置入术对冠状动脉分叉处病变相关分支的影响。方法　 12 0例病人 ,132处分叉病变使用经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)和支架术治疗 ,观察介入治疗对分叉病变相关分支的影响。结果　术中有 2 4根分支血管受压迫 ,分支受累发生率为 14 2 8%。以具有分支开口狭窄的Ⅰ型和Ⅳ型分叉病变的分支受累发生率为高。结论　冠状动脉分叉病变的介入治疗操作和分叉病变本身的解剖特征均是影响分支血流的重要因素。     

基于造影目测结果评估冠状动脉分叉病变介入治疗中分支闭塞风险评分系统的研究

目的:基于冠状动脉造影量化分析(QCA)研究结果,建立根据冠状动脉造影目测结果评估分叉病变介入治疗中分支闭塞风险的评分系统。方法:既往我们对以分支即兴支架置入策略行冠状动脉分叉病变介入治疗的患者造影资料进行QCA,形成了RESOLVE评分系统。本研究纳入RESOLVE研究全部1 545例患者(共1 601处病变),将RESOLVE评分系统中根据QCA结果计分项改为造影目测评估结果,评价造影目测评估结果和原QCA结果一致性;比较主支血管支架置入后分支闭塞[定义为冠状动脉造影提示心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验(TIMI)血流等级下降]组(n=11,共118处病变)与无分支闭塞组(n=1 431,共1 483处病变)各评分预测因素的造影目测评估结果,并参照RESOLVE评分的计分方法形成V-RESOLVE评分。评价V-RESOVE评分的区分度、拟合优度及不同积分对应分支闭塞发生率,并比较V-RESOLVE评分和RESOLVE评分对分叉病变介入治疗中分支闭塞风险的诊断价值。结果:将RESOLVE评分中QCA分析计分项改为造影目测评估结果,与QCA分析结果的一致性为一般至中等(加权Kappa值0.22~0.44);分支闭塞组术前分叉核直径狭窄程度、主支血管支架置入前分支血管狭窄程度较无分支闭塞组更高,分叉角度、主支/分支血管管径比较无分支闭塞组更大(P均0.01);由此建立的V-RESOLVE评分的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积为0.76[95%可信区间(CI):0.71~0.80],与RESOLVE评分ROC曲线下面积(0.77,95%CI:0.72~0.81)之间的差异无统计学意义(P=0.74,Hosmer-Lemeshow法P=0.17);根据V-RESOLVE评分四分位数间研究对象分支闭塞情况,定义评分≥12分患者为高危患者,其分支闭塞发生率明显高于非高危(评分12分)患者(16.7%vs 4.3%,P0.01);V-RESOLVE评分与RESOLVE评分定义的非高危患者(4.3%vs 3.4%)和高危患者中分支血管闭塞发生率(16.7%vs 18.0%)间的差异均无统计学意义(P值分别为0.22和0.60)。结论:本研究通过冠状动脉造影目测评估结果建立的V-RESOLVE评分系统可预测分叉病变介入治疗中分支闭塞风险。     

冠状动脉分叉病变介入治疗策略

<正>冠状动脉分叉病变,是指冠状动脉狭窄毗邻和(或)累及重要分支血管的开口。血管分叉处由于血流涡流及切变力的增加,容易发生动脉粥样硬化。分叉病变占所有介入治疗的8%～20%。分叉病变分型的不同,决定了介入治疗策略选择和技术应用有所不同。     

冠状动脉分叉病变介入治疗中小分支闭塞的发生率、预测因素及对围术期心肌梗死的影响

目的:探讨冠状动脉分叉病变介入治疗中小分支闭塞导致的围术期心肌损伤的发生率及其预测因素。方法:连续入选925例经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的患者,共包括949个分叉病变[冠状动脉造影定量分析(QCA)测量分支直径≤2.0mm],根据分叉病变是否发生了小分支闭塞分为小分支闭塞组(85例,86个分叉病变)和小分支未闭塞组(840例,863个分叉病变)。收集所有入选患者的临床特征、冠状动脉造影及PCI术中的情况、QCA的数据。采用多元回归分析来确定小分支闭塞的独立预测因素。比较小分支闭塞组和小分支未闭塞组的围术期心肌损伤的发生率。结果:949个分叉病变中共有86个(9.1%)分叉病变发生了小分支闭塞,小分支闭塞组围术期心肌损伤的发生率(26/83,313%)明显高于小分支未闭塞组(77/821,9.4%;P0.001),围术期心肌梗死的发生率(6/83,7.2%)也显著高于小分支未闭塞组(11/821,1.3%;P0.001)。两组间主支近段、主支远段、小分支、分叉核心的血管直径及狭窄程度差异均有统计学意义。主支/小分支直径比值小分支闭塞组明显大于小分支未闭塞组(P0.001),差异有统计学意义。小分支闭塞的独立预测因素包括真分叉病变、斑块不规则、预扩张小分支、术前小分支心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验(TIMI)血流分级、术前主支远端的狭窄程度、术前分叉病变核心的狭窄程度、分叉病变角度、主支/小分支直径比值、主支支架置入前小分支狭窄程度。结论:小分支闭塞的患者围术期心肌损伤的发生率明显增高,部分病变特征与小分叉病变闭塞有关。     

血管内超声对分叉病变支架置入术后分支闭塞的预测

目的:应用血管内超声(IVUS)分析分支闭塞的预测因素。方法:行冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的分叉病变52处,定量分析分叉近端(分支入口平面)和分叉远端(分叉嵴平面)斑块面积、斑块负荷、偏心指数、斑块分布弧度。采用逐步回归法分析PCI术后分支斑块负荷的相关因素。对术前分支斑块负荷>50%(n=15)和<50%(n=37)这2种情况进行术后结果比较。结果:定量分析分叉近端和远端斑块负荷差异无统计学意义[(52.80±13.21)%∶(52.81±12.20)%,P>0.05],分叉近端斑块偏心指数明显低于分叉远端[(1.86±0.64)∶(9.52±2.78,P<0.01],分叉近端斑块弧度明显大于分叉远端[(357.15±12.02)°∶(233.33±45.91)°,P<0.01]。分叉远端斑块与分支的角度为(143.2±33.60)°。逐步回归分析显示,术后分支斑块负荷与术前分支斑块负荷、分叉近端斑块负荷正相关,与分叉角度、分支/主支直径负相关。术后分支斑块负荷在术前分支斑块负荷>50%者明显大于<50%者[(89.20±5.66)%∶(42.60±18.12)%,P<0.01]。结论:血管分叉改变了斑块的分布模式,分叉近端斑块向心性分布,而分叉远端斑块偏心性分布。分叉远端斑块主要分布在分叉嵴的对侧壁。术前分支斑块负荷大、分叉近端斑块负荷大,分叉角度小、分支/主支直径小,分叉病变PCI术后分支闭塞的可能性大。分支开口斑块负荷>50%较<50%术后闭塞的危险性更大。     

冠状动脉分叉病变特点、分型和治疗策略

分叉病变始终是冠状动脉介入治疗的一个难点,尽管药物洗脱支架减少了介入术后主支的再狭窄,但分支血管的术中急性闭塞风险和术后再狭窄和支架内血栓问题仍值得关注。现回顾冠状动脉分叉病变的定义、分类和各种治疗方法,以期对冠状动脉介入治疗有一个较全面的认识。     

Predictors and Periprocedural Myocardial Injury Rate of Small Side Branches Occlusion in Coronary Bifurcation Intervention

Occlusion of small side branch (SB) may result in significant adverse clinical events. We aim to characterize the predictors of small SB occlusion and incidence of periprocedural myocardial injury (PMI) in coronary bifurcation intervention.Nine hundred twenty-five consecutive patients with 949 bifurcation lesions (SB ≤ 2.0 mm) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were studied. All clinical characteristics, coronary angiography findings, PCI procedural factors, and quantitative coronary angiographic analysis data were collected. SB occlusion after main vessel (MV) stenting was defined as no blood flow or any thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade decrease in SB after MV stenting. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of small SB occlusion. Creatine kinase-myocardial band activity was determined by using an immunoinhibition assay and confirmed by mass spectrometry. Incidence of PMI between no SB occlusion group and SB occlusion group was compared.SB occlusion occurred in 86 (9.1%) of 949 bifurcation lesions. Of SB occlusion, total occlusion occurred in 64 (74.4%) lesions and a decrease in TIMI flow occurred in 22 (25.6%) lesions. True bifurcation lesion, irregular plaque, predilation in SB, preprocedural SB TIMI flow grade, preprocedural diameter stenosis of distal MV, preprocedural diameter stenosis of bifurcation core, bifurcation angle, diameter ratio between MV and SB, diameter stenosis of SB before MV stenting, and MV lesion length were independent risk factors of SB occlusion. We observed a significantly higher incidence of PMI in each cutoff level in patients with SB occlusion compared with those without SB occlusion.True bifurcation lesion, irregular plaque, and 8 other predictors were independent predictors of SB occlusion. Patients with small SB occlusion had significant higher incidence of PMI.     

The Relation Between Optical Coherence Tomography-Detected Layered Pattern and Acute Side Branch Occlusion after Provisional Stenting of Coronary Bifurcation Lesions

Background/purposeLayered pattern (presumed to be healed plaque after a thrombotic event) can be observed by optical coherence tomography (OCT). We sought to assess the ability of OCT-detected plaque composition to predict acute side branch (SB) occlusion after provisional bifurcation stenting.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study using pre-intervention OCT in the main vessel to predict Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade ≤1 in a SB (diameter ≥ 1.5 mm) after provisional bifurcation stenting. OCT-detected layered pattern was defined as plaque with a superficial layer that had a different optical intensity and a clear demarcation from underlying tissue.ResultsOverall, 207 patients with stable coronary disease were included. SB occlusion occurred in 26/207 (12.6%) bifurcation lesions. Operators decided not to perform additional treatment, and TIMI flow did not improve to ≥2 in cases with SB occlusion. The prevalence of OCT-detected layered pattern was more common in lesions with versus without SB occlusion (88.5% versus 33.7%, p < 0.0001); OCT-detected layered pattern was more often located on the same side of the SB (73.9% versus 21.3%, p < 0.0001) circumferentially compared to lesions without SB occlusion. Multivariable analysis showed that OCT-detected layered pattern was an independent predictor of SB occlusion (odds ratio 18.8, 95% confidence interval 5.1–68.8, p < 0.0001) along with true bifurcation lesion and wider angiographic bifurcation angle.ConclusionsThe presence of an OCT-detected layered pattern near its ostium was a strong predictor of SB occlusion after provisional bifurcation stenting.     

Novel Insights of Jailed Balloon and Jailed Corsair Technique for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Bifurcation Lesions

BackgroundThe optimal technique for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of a bifurcation lesion remains uncertain. JBT/JCT techniques are now emerging for protection of the side branch (SB). We aimed to compare jailed balloon (JBT) and jailed Corsair (JCT) techniques to the conventional jailed wire technique.MethodsWe analyzed 850 consecutive patients (995 bifurcation lesions), who underwent PCI. The bifurcation lesions were classified as jailed wire (?), jailed wire (+), JBT, and JCT. We assessed temporary thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade ≤2, permanent TIMI flow grade ≤2 in the SB, and SB occlusion related myocardial infarction and compared these endpoints with inverse probability treatment weighted analysis.ResultsThe percentage of each group is as follows: jailed wire (?); 44.7%; jailed wire (+) 50.9%; JBT 1.7%; JCT 2.7%. The Corsair could not be delivered with a stent because of severe calcifications (3.7%) and a jailed balloon was entrapped with the stent after dilatation (5.9%). Compared to the jailed wire (+), JBT/JCT had a higher percentage of true bifurcations, arterial sheath size ≥7 Fr, and a lower proportion of wire recrossing (all, P < 0.05). After adjustment, temporary and permanent TIMI flow grade ≤2 in the SB, and SB occlusion related myocardial infarction were not significantly different (OR: 1.08, CI: 0.32–3.71, P = 0.90; OR: 0.88, CI: 0.11–6.91, P = 0.91; OR: 1.94, CI: 0.23–16.5, P = 0.55 respectively).ConclusionsOur data could not prove the efficacy of JBT/JCT, but revealed novel insights about these techniques. A larger study is necessary to prove the efficacy of JBT/JCT.     

Jailed 球囊保护在冠状动脉分叉病变处理中的初步应用

目的：探讨Jailed球囊技术在冠状动脉分叉病变主支血管支架加分支血管备选T-支架处理中的作用。方法对57例接受主支血管支架加分支血管备选T-支架治疗的患者临床资料和冠状动脉介入治疗过程记录的DICOM格式的造影录像进行分析,测定治疗前后主支血管病变处与分支血管开口的最小直径、主支与分支血管夹角,计算术前和术后变化差值,并作Jailed球囊与Jailed导丝组之间的比较。结果共有57例60个分叉病变接受Jailed导丝（39例）或Jailed球囊（18例）分支保护下的主支血管支架植入手术。Jailed导丝组发生分支血管闭塞3例,TIMI血流≤2级的5例,Jailed球囊组分支血管闭塞1例。分支血管开口最小直径术后与术前变化差值Jailed导丝组为（-0.34±0.39）mm,Jailed球囊组为（0.08±0.64）mm,差异有显著统计学意义（t=3.144,P＜0.01）。分叉血管夹角术后Jailed导丝组缩小,Jailed球囊组增大,变化值差异有显著统计学意义[（-3.82±9.04）°、（3.54±7.76）°;t=3.102,P＜0.01]。结论在冠状动脉分叉病变主支血管支架加分支血管备选T-支架治疗中,Jailed球囊技术有利于防范分支血管开口严重挤压甚或闭塞的发生。     

Effect of Coronary Artery Bifurcation Angle on Atherosclerotic Lesion Localization Distance to the Bifurcation Site

ObjectivesAlthough percutaneous coronary interventions become a common treatment modality for coronary artery diseases, lesion localization make these procedures more complex. As the lesion localizes near to the bifurcation site, more complex PCI procedures, overqualified equipments are needed and complication risk increases. Previous studies have demonstrated the strong correlation between wide angulation and significant coronary stenosis. However, a paucity of data exists about the association between bifurcation angle and lesion localization distance. In this study we analysed the effect of coronary bifurcation angle and left main coronary artery length on the atherosclerotic lesion localization.MethodsPatients, who underwent coronary angiography between 01.01.2017- 31.12.2019 were scanned. Patients having atherosclerotic lesions causing more than 50% luminal narrowing and Medina classification score (0,0,0) were evaluated. After exclusion, 467 patients were included. 5 bifurcation subgroups (LAD-CX, LAD-Dx, CX-OM, RCA-RV, RPD-RPL) were formed. Distance of lesion to the bifurcation site, bifurcation angle and left main coronary artery length were analysed by 2 experienced cardiologists with invasive quantitaive coronary angiography (QCA) by using “extreme angio and cardiac pacs” software system.ResultsThere was a strong inverse correlation between bifurcation angle and lesion localization distance to the bifurcation site (r = −0.706; p < 0.0001). There was a nonsignificant negative correlation between Left-main coronary artery length and lesion localization. Regression analysis revealed that bifurcation angle is an independent risk factor for predicting the localization of an atheroslerotic lesion in 5 mm length from the point of bifurcation site (β = −0.074, p < 0.0001). A cut-off value of 80.5° coronary bifurcation angle was found to have 84.1% sensitivity and 81.3% specificity in prediction of atherosclerotic lesion localization in 5 mm length from the point of bifurcation site.ConclusionIn this study we showed that as the bifurcation angle increases, atherosclerotic lesions tend to approach to the bifurcation site. Since invertentions encompassing bifurcation sites are more complex, lesions with increased angulation may need extra care as they are more likely to present with further complications. Furthermore, bifurcation angle is an independent risk factor for lesion localization.     

Acute and long-term outcomes of the novel side access (SLK-View) stent for bifurcation coronary lesions: a multicenter nonrandomized feasibility study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate technical feasibility and procedural safety of SLK-View stent for treating bifurcation lesions. BACKGROUND: Percutaneous treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions represents a technical challenge. Several stenting techniques and dedicated devices have proven unsuccessful, with high rates of side branch occlusion at index procedure and follow-up. METHODS: Eighty one patients with 84 de novo coronary artery lesions involving a major side branch underwent SLK-View (Advanced Stent Technologies, Inc., Pleasanton, CA) stent implantation with subsequent kissing balloon post dilatation. SLK-View stent is a new scaffolding device incorporating a side aperture that allows access to the side-branch of a bifurcation after deployment of the stent in main vessel. All patients underwent angiographic follow-up at 6 months. Procedural, in-hospital, and 6-month follow-up outcomes were examined. RESULTS: The lesions were located in left main (n = 11), left anterior descending (n = 50), left circumflex (n = 8), right coronary artery (n = 7), and 1 ramus intermedius. The most frequent lesions (44.1%) were true bifurcations. Successful stent delivery to bifurcation was accomplished in 82/84 of the cases (97.6%). Technical success was obtained in 99 and 94% of main vessel and side branches, respectively. Stenting in side-branch was performed in 21 lesions (25%). Side-branches were accessed effectively in 100% of bifurcations postprocedurally. Binary restenosis rate at 6-month follow-up was 28.3% and 37.7% for main vessel and side-branch, respectively. TLR rate at 6-month follow-up was 21% and CABG rate of 6%. CONCLUSION: In this consecutive multicenter series of patients with coronary bifurcation lesions, this novel side-branch access stent proved feasible, with a high procedural success rate, while maintaining side-branch access.     

冠心病分叉病变的处理原则

冠状动脉分叉病变是冠心病介入治疗领域颇具挑战性的病变类型,其手术技术复杂,术后再狭窄率高,即使在药物洗脱支架时代,分支再狭窄率仍未显著降低。分叉病变介入治疗的原则包括分支保护、合理选择支架植入策略、对吻球囊后扩张等。     

拘禁球囊保护技术在冠状动脉非左主干分叉病变介入治疗中的临床意义

目的分析拘禁球囊保护技术在冠状动脉非左主干分叉病变介入治疗中的临床意义。方法选取2017年3月—2018年10月肇庆市第二人民医院及肇庆医学高等专科学校附属医院收治的96例冠状动脉非左主干分叉病变病人作为研究对象,均证实存在心肌缺血证据,且冠状动脉造影明确诊断为真性分叉病变(依据Medina分型,其中111,101,011为真性分叉病变)。采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组与研究组,每组48例。术前1 d两组病人均口服氯吡格雷和阿司匹林肠溶片,剂量为300 mg,对照组进行拘禁导丝保护技术治疗,研究组进行拘禁球囊技术治疗。记录所有病人手术操作相关指标、术中术后并发症及不良反应情况。结果研究组手术操作时间、造影剂用量、X线曝光时间、支架植入数量、球囊数量、导丝数量少于对照组(P<0.05),术中胸痛、术中冠状动脉夹层、术中支架膨胀不全发生率及治疗费用均低于对照组(P<0.05);两组病人手术均成功,研究组和对照组术中心律失常、术中血流减慢,术后分支闭塞或夹层、术后血清肌钙蛋白/心肌酶水平升高、术后分支血流动力学改变发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组不良反应发生率为10.42%,对照组为27.08%,研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论拘禁球囊保护技术凭借操作简单、造影剂用量少、X线曝光时间短、支架植入少、球囊用量少、导丝用量少、治疗费用少等诸多优势适用于冠状动脉非左主干分叉病变介入治疗,并未增加术中术后并发症、不良反应等。     

Randomized Comparison of FFR-Guided and Angiography-Guided Provisional Stenting of True Coronary Bifurcation Lesions: The DKCRUSH-VI Trial (Double Kissing Crush Versus Provisional Stenting Technique for Treatment of Coronary Bifurcation Lesions VI)

ObjectivesThis study sought to compare the outcomes of fractional flow reserve (FFR)–guided and angiography (Angio)–guided provisional side-branch (SB) stenting for true coronary bifurcation lesions.BackgroundAngio-guided provisional SB stenting after stenting of the main vessel provides favorable outcomes for the majority of coronary bifurcation lesions. Whether an FFR-guided provisional stenting approach is superior has not been studied.MethodsA total of 320 patients with single Medina 1,1,1 and 0,1,1 coronary bifurcation lesions undergoing stenting with a provisional SB approach were randomly assigned 1:1 to Angio-guided and FFR-guided groups. SB stenting was performed for Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction flow grade <3, ostial SB stenosis >70%, or greater than type A dissection after main vessel stenting in the Angio-guided group and for SB-FFR <0.80 in the FFR-guided group. The primary endpoint was the 1-year composite rate of major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and clinically driven target vessel revascularization).ResultsComparing the Angio-guided and FFR-guided groups, treatment of the SB (balloon or stenting) was performed in 63.1% and 56.3% of lesions respectively (p = 0.07); stenting of the SB was attempted in 38.1% and 25.9%, respectively (p = 0.01); and, when attempted, stenting was successful in 83.6% and 73.3% of SBs, respectively (p = 0.01). The 1-year composite major adverse cardiac event rate was 18.1% in both groups (hazard ratio: 0.91, 95% confidence interval: 0.48 to 1.88; p = 1.00). The 1-year target vessel revascularization and stent thrombosis rates were 6.9% and 5.6% (p = 0.82) and 1.3% and 0.6% (p = 0.56) in the Angio-guided and FFR-guided groups, respectively.ConclusionsIn this multicenter, randomized trial, angiographic and FFR guidance of provisional SB stenting of true coronary bifurcation lesions provided similar 1-year clinical outcomes. (Randomized Study on DK Crush Technique Versus Provisional Stenting Technique for Coronary Artery Bifurcation Lesions; ChiCTR-TRC-07000015)     

The Carina Angle—New Geometrical Parameter Associated with Periprocedural Side Branch Compromise and the Long‐Term Results in Coronary Bifurcation Lesions with Main Vessel Stenting Only

Background: The two main problems unresolved in coronary bifurcation stenting are periprocedural side branch compromise and higher restenosis at long term. The purpose of this study is to reveal the link between periprocedural side branch compromise and long‐term results after main vessel stenting only in coronary bifurcations. Methods: Eighty‐four patients formed the study population. The inclusion criteria were good‐quality angiograms, with maximal between‐branch angle opening, no overlap, permitting accurate angiographic analysis. Carina angle (α)—the distal angle between main vessel (MV) before bifurcation and side branch (SB)—was measured pre‐ and poststenting. Clinical follow‐up 9–12 months was obtained with coronary angiography if needed. Results: The patient population was high‐risk with 33% diabetics and 84% two‐ and three‐vessel disease. Ninety‐five stents were implanted in 92 lesions, with three T‐stenting cases. Drug‐eluting stents were implanted in 54%. Kissing‐balloon (KBI) or sequential inflation was performed in 35%. SB functional closure occurred in 17.4%, with independent predictors α < 40° and diameter ratio MB/SB >1.22. After 12±4 months there were five myocardial infarctions (6%) and 13 (15%) target lesion revascularization procedures. Independent predictors of major cardiovascular events were carina angle <40°, MB lesion length >8 mm, negative change of between‐branch angle, DES usage, and KBI. Conclusions: Smaller carina angle with straightening of MV—main branch from stent implantation in coronary bifurcations predicted higher SB compromise, restenosis, and MACE rates during follow‐up of 1 year.