国产雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架对急性心肌梗死的疗效观察

目的观察国产雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架(Partner)对急性心肌梗死(AMI)的临床疗效。方法将2005年5月至2006年8月天津武警医学院附属医院心内科116例AMI行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的患者,依所置入支架不同,分为进口Cypher组(n=52)和国产Partner组(n=64)。观察两组患者住院及随访期间主要心脏不良事件(MACE)的发生和血管再狭窄情况。结果两组患者梗死相关动脉的分布差异无显著性意义。Cypher组置入支架55枚,Partner组置入支架64枚。所有患者急诊PCI手术均成功,住院及随访期间无MACE发生。Cypher组11例(21.15%)、Partner组18例(28.13%)完成了6个月冠脉造影随访,再狭窄率均为0。结论国产雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架应用于AMI治疗安全、有效。     

佐他莫司药物洗脱支架和依维莫司药物洗脱支架二年临床疗效比较

目的:比较佐他莫司药物洗脱支架(ZES)和依维莫司药物洗脱支架(EES)的2年临床疗效。方法:纳入2013年在中国医学科学院阜外医院初次行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的患者2655例,根据支架类型分为两组:ZES组(n=1637)和EES组(n=1018)。2年随访的主要终点为主要不良心血管事件(MACE),包括死亡、非致死性心肌梗死和靶血管血运重建。结果:两组患者的人口学特征、危险因素和既往史、实验室检查结果以及药物应用方面均相似(P均>0.05)。在冠状动脉病变和介入治疗方面,与EES组相比,ZES组SYNTAX积分更高,左主干病变、B2/C型病变的比例更高,置入的支架直径更大、长度更长(P均<0.05)。2年随访结果显示,ZES组与EES组中MACE(5.4%vs 4.9%)以及各独立终点事件的发生率差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论:以ZES和EES为代表的新一代药物洗脱支架临床应用安全、有效;2年随访结果显示,两种支架MACE发生率差异无统计学意义。     

国产药物洗脱支架治疗冠状动脉多支病变临床随访

目的:评价冠状动脉多支病变患者置入≥4枚国产药物洗脱支架(DES)的疗效.方法:2004-11至2006-11就诊于我科接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的冠心病患者1 127例,其中185例为置入支架≥4枚的多支病变患者,随访院内外主要心脏不良事件(MACE)包括心性死亡、急性心肌梗死和靶病变再次血运重建的发生率.结果:处理冠状动脉病变720处,其中复杂病变525处,置入国产DES 836枚.院内1例高龄患者术后常规抗凝治疗死于脑出血,其余184例临床随访42(30～54)个月,发生急性心肌梗死4例,靶病变再次血运重建12例,院外MACE发生率8.6%.冠状动脉造影随访108例,DES边缘再狭窄5例,支架内再狭窄9例,再狭窄率13.0%.结论:冠状动脉多支病变患者置入≥14枚国产DES长期随访效果满意.     

支架内再狭窄病变再次介入治疗后造影复查结果分析

目的:评价支架内再狭窄(ISR)病变再次行介入治疗后的造影复查结果,试图寻找合适的治疗方法。方法:行冠状动脉再狭窄病变介入治疗后进行冠状动脉造影复查的患者58例,分析其临床资料及冠状动脉造影图像。根据再次介入治疗方法不同分为置入药物支架(DES)和非DES治疗(包括单纯球囊扩张、双导丝球囊或切割球囊扩张、放射治疗和裸支架置入)组,分析再狭窄率及主要心血管不良事件(MACE)发生情况。结果:共涉及58处ISR病变,前降支病变占56.90%;70.69%为裸支架的ISR病变;32.76%的病变为支架内局限性狭窄,支架内弥漫性狭窄病变占18.97%,10.24%为支架完全闭塞病变;其中50%的ISR患者接受了病变处DES治疗,20.69%接受了单纯的普通球囊扩张;复查造影时间为平均(13.12±8.03)个月;ISR病变DES组发生病变处再狭窄和发生MACE情况明显低于接受其他治疗组(再狭窄发生率17.24%:51.72%,P<0.05;MACE发生率20.69%:51.72%,P<0.05);对有可能影响ISR病变介入治疗后再次发生ISR的各种因素进行Logistic分析可见,再次治疗的方法是再次发生ISR的独立危险因素。结论:对于ISR病变置入DES近中期效果明显优于其他介入治疗方法。     

药物洗脱支架面临新的挑战

冠心病介入治疗(PCI)术后支架内再狭窄长期以来因绕着心脏介入医师,成为冠心病介入治疗后医师关注的焦点。虽然药物洗脱支架大大降低了支架内再狭窄发生率,减少PCI术后靶血管重建、主要心脏事件的发生,但最近的研究结果提示,与置入金属裸支架相比,置入药物洗脱支架增加晚期心肌梗死及死亡的发生。主要原因为晚期支架内血栓形成。在当今药物洗脱支架时代,是否所有的冠心病病人、是否所有冠状动脉病变类型都需要置入药物洗脱支架以及究竟什么病变、病人才能从药物洗脱支架中获益,将再次成为关注的焦点。     

红细胞分布宽度预测2型糖尿病患者支架内再狭窄

目的探讨红细胞分布宽度(RDW)对皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的2型糖尿病患者植入药物洗脱支架后发生支架内再狭窄(ISR)的预测价值。方法回顾性分析因不稳定型心绞痛入院、行PCI治疗植入药物洗脱支架的582例2型糖尿病患者的临床资料,其中292例在支架植入术后进行了冠状动脉造影随访,平均随访8个月。根据冠状动脉造影检查结果,将患者分为支架内再狭窄组(n=45)和非再狭窄组(n=247)。详细记录患者病史资料(年龄、性别、吸烟、既往病史)、实验室检查结果(RDW、C反应蛋白水平等),以及心脏彩超、冠状动脉造影等结果。结果 ISR组体质指数和吸烟史均比非ISR组高(P0.05)。ISR组RDW、C反应蛋白水平在入院和随访时均比非ISR组高。与非ISR组相比,ISR组的支架长度更长、直径更小。单因素分析显示,RDW与ISR呈正相关(P0.01)。多元回归分析显示,体质指数、吸烟、RDW、C反应蛋白、支架长度、支架直径是药物洗脱支架ISR的预测因子(P0.01)。结论糖尿病患者在具备同样的危险因素情况下,RDW对植入药物洗脱支架的不稳定型心绞痛患者发生ISR有预测作用,慢性炎症参与了ISR的形成过程。     

不同药物洗脱支架四年临床结果比较

目的 观察雷帕霉素与紫杉醇药物洗脱支架(DES)置入后再狭窄率、支架内血栓形成及4年临床结果.方法 回顾性分析2003年1-10月连续237例置入DES患者6个月再狭窄率与靶病变重建率(TLR)、4年随访主要不良心脏事件(MACE)、靶血管重建(TVR)和支架血栓形成的发生率.结果 雷帕霉素组与紫杉醇组比较,6个月两组TLR、支架内再狭窄、MACE、心肌梗死差异均无统计学意义,但后者有更高的晚期管腔丢失(P=0.022).4年免于TVR生存率分别为88.97%与82.28%(P=0.127),免于MACE生存率分别为83.8%与79.2%(P=0.056).多变量分析每个病变置入支架数(P=0.001)和糖尿病(P=0.001)与TVR相关,多支病变(P=0.0013)和糖尿病(P:0.0001)与MACE相关.4年总的支架内血栓发生率(1.47%与1.98%)无统计学意义,肯定的很可能的和可能的支架内血栓形成两组之间也无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 两种药物洗脱支架均具有较好的安全性和临床近、远期效果,但紫杉醇洗脱支架晚期管腔丢失较多.     

2型糖尿病患者药物洗脱支架置入术后支架内再狭窄危险因素分析

目的:探讨冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者药物洗脱支架(DES)置入术后,支架内再狭窄相关危险因素分析。方法:将连续性入选的368例患者根据冠状动脉造影结果分为支架内再狭窄(ISR)组(n=74)及非支架内再狭窄(non-ISR)组(n=294)。应用Cox’s比例风险模型对两组进行统计学分析。结果:单因素分析ISR组较non-ISR组具有更高的VLDL-C、TG、UA、病变血管数目、多支病变、SYNTAX评分及既往冠状动脉介入术(PCI)病史,non-ISR组具有较高的饮酒史。COX比例风险模型分析糖尿病患者(DM),DES置入术后ISR的独立危险因素是VLDL(HR=1.85,95%CI=1.24~2.77,P=0.002)、UA(每增加50μmol/L,HR=1.19,95%CI=1.05~1.34,P=0.006)、SYNTAX评分(每增加5分,HR=1.34,95%CI=1.03~1.74,P=0.031)、既往PCI病史(HR=3.43,95%CI=1.57~7.80,P=0.003)。结论:研究提示VLDL-C、SYNTAX评分、血尿酸水平、既往PCI病史是DM患者ISR的独立危险因素。     

雷帕霉素洗脱支架治疗多支冠状动脉病变的临床研究

目的:探讨多支冠状动脉病变患者置入雷帕霉素洗脱支架(Cypher支架)预防再狭窄的疗效及安全性。方法:2001年12月-2004年5月连续725例接受多支冠状动脉支架置入术的冠心病患者,剔除急性心肌梗死及再次血运重建患者。Cypher支架组187例,普通金属支架(普通支架)组538例。比较两组支架术后的近期及远期结果。结果:除糖尿病患者比例在Cypher支架组较高外,两组患者冠心病危险因素、心功能、冠状动脉病变严重程度、介入手术成功率及并发症发生率均无显著差异。690例患者平均随访(18.8±11.7)个月,Cypher支架组和普通支架组造影随访率分别为52.4%vs58.2%(P>0.05)。尽管Cypher支架组患者冠心病危险因素多、平均年龄63.5岁、不稳定性心绞痛占66.3%、糖尿病占41.6%、3支血管病变占57.8%、B2/C型复杂病变占86.2%,但造影复查再狭窄率和主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生率均明显低于普通支架组(3.1%vs16.6%,5.5%vs16.7%,P均<0.01),心功能改善率高于普通支架组(63.1%vs30.6%,P<0.01)。两组完全血运重建率无显著差异(81.3%vs86.8%,P>0.05),但发生MACE的患者中,Cypher支架组不完全血运重建者比例高于普通支架组(60.0%vs23.5%,P<0.05);两组发生MACE的患者中完全血运重建患者比例均低于本组总的完全血运重建率(Cypher支架组:40.0%     

血清肌酐、胱抑素C及肾小球滤过率与支架内再狭窄的相关性

目的探讨血清肌酐、血清胱抑素C(Cys C)及肾小球滤过率(GFR)与冠状动脉内置入药物洗脱支架后发生支架内再狭窄的相关性。方法回顾性分析624例患者,均于冠状动脉内植入药物洗脱支架且于中国医科大学附属盛京医院复查冠状动脉造影,按复查造影结果分为再狭窄组(147例)及非再狭窄组(477例),统计并分析所有患者的临床资料、生化指标、介入靶血管、再狭窄等数据。结果无论是PCI术前、术后以及复查造影时,再狭窄组患者的血清肌酐、血清Cys C水平均高于非再狭窄组(P0.05);GFR均低于非再狭窄组(P0.05);通过多因素Cox回归分析示,血清肌酐及血清Cys C水平升高、GFR下降是预测药物洗脱支架内再狭窄的独立危险因子。结论肾功能水平与支架内再狭窄的发生密切相关,血清肌酐及Cys C升高、GFR下降是冠状动脉内药物洗脱支架术后发生再狭窄的独立危险因素。     

Preprocedural serum levels of acute-phase reactants and prognosis after percutaneous coronary intervention

OBJECTIVE: In this study we evaluate the value of baseline concentrations of acute-phase reactants on prognosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: Blood samples were drawn immediately before PCI to measure baseline concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), and fibrinogen. Follow-up data were collected at 8 months. Repeat PCI, CABG, myocardial infarction, and death were recorded as major adverse clinical events (MACE). Furthermore the recurrence of angina pectoris was noted. RESULTS: The study included 600 consecutive patients after a successful PCI. Sixty-four percent of the patients were stented. The mean age was 61.6 years and 68.9% were male. CRP levels were significantly higher in patients who were to have repeat angina as compared with those who were not (P=0.0322). IL-6 levels were not correlated with angina or MACE. Lp(a) and fibrinogen concentrations were both significantly related to MACE (P=0.0337 and P=0.0253, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our study clearly supports the role of inflammation in restenosis after PCI as measured in statistically higher levels of Lp(a) and fibrinogen in patients with MACE and CRP in patients with repeat angina.     

老年急性心肌梗死特点及急诊介入治疗近期疗效分析

目的探讨急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)的疗效和安全性。方法采用回顾性分析方法 ,将228例行急诊PCI的AMI患者分为老年组(n=116例)和非老年组(n=112例),分别对两组的临床特征、住院时间和并发症发生率进行比较。结果两组患者平均住院时间非老年组明显短于老年组(P0.01);入院到球囊扩张平均时间两组间无显著性差异(P0.05),老年组置入2个以上支架数、住院期间二次PCI和梗死后心绞痛明显高于非老年组(P0.01),再梗死两组间无显著性差异(P0.05),老年组严重心律失常和泵功能KillipⅢ级以上明显多于非老年组血(P0.01),但两组间心源性休克的发生率和30d死亡率无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论老年AMI行急诊PCI治疗并发症高于非老年患者,但并不增加近期死亡率。     

Safety and feasibility of X-sizer-facilitated rescue percutaneous coronary intervention: a preliminary experience

Failed thrombolysis following ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with a poor prognosis. Rescue balloon angioplasty with or without stent implantation is an established treatment for failed thrombolysis. Recently, X-Sizer thrombectomy has been shown to be effective in removing intracoronary thrombi and improving coronary perfusion in patients with acute coronary syndrome. In this retrospective study, we sought to evaluate the safety and feasibility of X-Sizer-facilitated rescue percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the treatment of STEMI after failed thrombolysis. Clinical data are from a retrospective review of 95 patients who underwent X-Sizer-facilitated primary PCI (n = 80) or rescue PCI (n = 15) during the period from November 2000 to February 2003. Baseline and procedural characteristics of the 2 groups were similar, except for a higher prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in the rescue PCI group. Angiographic success was achieved in 96% in the primary PCI group and 100% in the rescue PCI group. The 30-day mortality (7.5% vs. 13.3%), major acute coronary event (MACE; 7.5% vs. 13.3%), and MACE with angina (15% vs. 13.3%) rates were similar between the primary PCI and the rescue PCI groups. Similarly, the 6-month mortality (10% vs. 13.3%), MACE (16.3% vs. 13.3%) and MACE with angina (25% vs. 26.7%) rates were also comparable (p = NS for all comparison). In particular, there were no incidences of death, reinfarction or repeat revascularization between 30 days and 6 months in the rescue PCI group. In conclusion, X-Sizer-facilitated rescue PCI was safe and feasible. The outcomes of patients who underwent X-Sizer-facilitated rescue PCI were similar to those who underwent X-Sizer-facilitated primary PCI.     

Four‐year clinical outcome of sirolimus‐ and paclitaxel‐eluting stents compared to bare‐metal stents for the percutaneous treatment of stable coronary artery disease

Background : There are limited data on the long‐term safety and efficacy profile of coronary stent implantation in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Objective : We aimed to assess the 4‐year clinical outcome in patients who received a bare‐metal stent (BMS), sirolimus‐eluting stent (SES), or a paclitaxel‐eluting stent (PES) for the percutaneous treatment of stable angina in our center during 2000–2005. Methods : In the study period, a total of 2,449 consecutive patients (BMS = 1,005; SES = 373; and PES = 1071) underwent a PCI as part of three historical PCI‐cohorts for stable angina and were routinely followed for the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Results : At 4 years follow‐up, 264 BMS patients (26.8%) had a MACE, compared to 75 SES patients (20.9%) and 199 PES patients (23.9%). Multivariate analysis showed that SES and PES were superior to BMS with respect to MACE [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47–0.81; HR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.55–0.82, respectively]. The occurrence of MACE was significantly lower in the SES and PES population, primarily due to less target‐vessel revascularization (TVR) procedures (HR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.37–0.75; HR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.62–0.81, respectively). The occurrence of early, late, and very late stent thrombosis was equally rare with each stent type. There were no significant differences between SES and PES on death, myocardial infarction, TVR, and MACE. Conclusion : These findings suggest that SES and PES result in decreased TVR procedures and MACE compared to BMS at 4 years follow‐up. SES or PES implantation should be the preferred choice over BMS for patients with stable CAD undergoing PCI. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

替罗非班易化PCI术对不稳定型心绞痛患者疗效的临床观察

目的:初步评价经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)应用替罗非班易化的有效性和安全性。方法:80例接受PCI治疗的中高危UAP患者,随机分为替罗非班组(38例)和对照组(42例)。对照组未使用替罗非班,替罗非班组患者入院时即静脉应用并于PCI术后持续静滴注36h,比较2组基础临床情况、支架置入数及靶血管置入支架后血流TIMI分级、血流速度、校正的TIMI帧数(CTFC)及出血并发症和术后30d主要心血管不良事件(MACE)。结果:2组的基础临床情况差异无统计学意义。与对照组相比,术后替罗非班组中靶血管的TIMI 3级血流获得率更高,但差异无统计学意义(88.00%∶73.91%,P>0.05);无复流发生率明显减少,差异具有统计学意义(4.00%∶17.39%,P<0.05);替罗非班组的血流速度明显增快[(137.12±19.65)mm/s∶(123.46±21.35)mm/s,P<0.01];CTFC减小[(20.36±2.52)帧∶(24.52±3.43)帧,P<0.01]。2组的出血并发症和术后30dMACE发生率差异无统计学意义。结论:对于中高危UAP患者行PCI,早期使用替罗非班能显著减少无复流现象,提高前向血流,改善术后心肌灌注,并不增加出血风险,临床应用安全。     

雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架在急性心肌梗死择期介入治疗中应用的近远期疗效观察

目的探讨雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架(Cypher支架)在急性心肌梗死择期介入治疗中应用的安全性及近、远期临床疗效。方法对2003年9月-2004年12月期间55例急性心肌梗死患者于梗死后5-14 d(平均8．6±3．1d)行。PCI,术后随访15～29个月观察有无心绞痛、急性心肌梗死、再次血管重建和死亡事件等。结果55例患者72处靶病变,共置入71个Cypher支架及11个普通金属裸支架,支架置入成功率为100％,术中和住院期间无死亡,住院期间无主要心脏不良事件。随访期间,无死亡病例,无慢性充血性心力衰竭心功能Ⅲ一Ⅳ级(NYHA分级)病例,1例发生急性左心衰,1例发生心绞痛进行了靶病变重建,2例发生急性心肌梗死,主要心脏不良事件发生率7．3％,靶病变重建率1．8％。结论雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架应用于急性心肌梗死择期介入治疗中安全、有效, 具有良好的近远期临床效果。     

Cytomegalovirus and Chlamydia pneumoniae as predictors for adverse events and angina pectoris after percutaneous coronary intervention

Background

The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of prior cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) infection on prognosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique preprocedural anti-CMV immunoglobulin G and anti-CP immunoglobulin A (CP IgA), immunoglobulin M, and immunoglobulin G antibodies were measured. Repeat anginal complaints and major adverse clinical events (MACE), including PCI, coronary artery bypass grafting, myocardial infarction, and death, were recorded at 8-month follow-up.

Results

Six hundred consecutive patients were included after successful PCI. Sixty-four percent of the patients were stented. The mean age was 61.6 years, and 68.9% were male. The rate of seropositivity for CP IgA in patients with MACE as compared with patients without MACE was 50.9% versus 35.4% (P = .0276). In patients with repeat anginal complaints, CP IgA seropositivity was 41.6% versus 34.6% in patients without repeat angina (P = .1057). The negative effect of CP on prognosis was confirmed after calculating the odds ratios for MACE (1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.3). The rates of seropositivity for anti-CMV immunoglobulin G were not significantly different between both groups, although we found an association between infectious burden and repeat angina pectoris (odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.0).

Conclusions

We conclude that preprocedural seropositivity of CP IgA is a risk factor for MACE and angina pectoris after PCI. Although no such relation was found for CMV alone, the cumulative infectious burden was also related to these clinical manifestations of restenosis.     

血流储备分数指导下介入治疗冠脉临界病变对NSTE-ACS患者预后的影响

目的 观察血流储备分数（fractional flow reserve,FFR）指导下介入治疗冠脉临界病变对非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征（NSTE-ACS）患者短期预后的影响。 方法 选取西京医院心血管内科冠状动脉造影（CAG）确定单支冠脉狭窄程度为50%~70%且拟行经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）治疗的192例NSTE-ACS患者为研究对象,按随机数字表将患者分为CAG组（n=96）和FFR组（n=96）,患者随访12个月,比较两组患者再发心绞痛和主要不良心血管事件（MACE）的发生情况。 结果 与CAG组比较,FFR组再发心绞痛和MACE事件发生率均显著降低（P<0.05）。 结论 FFR指导下PCI治疗冠脉临界病变可更显著降低术后1年MACE事件发生率。     

Prognostic value of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Elevated plasma levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), have been associated with adverse outcome in selected patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) treated with coronary angioplasty or stenting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of preprocedural interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) plasma levels for long-term major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in a series of unselected patients with symptomatic CAD treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Seventy-three consecutive patients (62 men, aged 62 +/- 9 years) undergoing PCI were enrolled in a prospective follow-up study. IL-1Ra and CRP plasma levels were measured before the procedure; 36 patients (49%) had unstable angina pectoris on admission, 37 (51%) had chronic stable angina pectoris, and 30 (41%) had multivessel CAD, 15 of whom underwent multivessel PCI. Success was achieved in all 73 patients, with coronary stenting performed in 63 (86%). Follow-up clinical assessment included occurrence of MACE at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. Logistic regression analysis, performed to determine independent predictors of MACE, identified IL-1Ra levels in the upper quartile as the only independent predictive factor of MACE at 18 months (19% in the fourth quartile vs 0% in the first quartile; p = 0.032). Patients with high preprocedural CRP levels (fourth quartile) had a nonsignificant increased risk of MACE (p = 0.09). Thus, preprocedural IL-1Ra plasma levels appear to be a valuable independent predictive factor of MACE in unselected patients undergoing PCI.     

The impact of the introduction of drug-eluting stents on the clinical practice of surgical and percutaneous treatment of coronary artery disease.

AIMS: Sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) have recently been shown to reduce restenosis in selected patients. The impact of this new stent on the use of coronary bypass graft (CABG) surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in clinical practice is yet unknown. Therefore, we investigated the impact of SES on the clinical practice of CABG and PCI in a series of unselected consecutive patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between April and October 2002, a policy of SES implantation for all procedures has been instituted in our hospital. In total, 798 patients were referred to PCI and 275 to CABG (SES group). A control group was composed of all interventions (806 PCI and 314 CABG) performed during the preceding 6 months (pre-SES). The main outcome was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 15 months. In the SES era, a significant shift was noted in the PCI group towards more multi-vessel stenting (28 vs. 24%; P<0.05), more bifurcation stenting (18 vs. 7%; P<0.0001), and the use of more stents (1.9 vs. 1.5; P<0.05). In the PCI elective patients, a shift was noted towards more three-vessel disease (pre-SES: 16% vs. SES: 23%; P=0.02). Furthermore, we observed a shift in the CABG group towards more impaired LV function (pre-SES: 34% vs. SES: 41%; P=0.02) and towards more three-vessel disease (pre-SES: 67% vs. SES: 75%; P=0.03). Overall, the cumulative MACE percentages at 1 year after coronary revascularization (PCI and CABG combined) decreased from 16.8 to 13.8% (P=0.03). The cumulative MACE percentages in the pure SES group and the pre-SES bare metal stent group at 12 months were 15.6 and 19.8%, respectively (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The introduction of the SES has certainly had an impact on the treatment strategy of coronary artery disease (CAD). Increased use of these stents allows more complex coronary anatomy to be treated by PCI, and results in lower repeat revascularization rates.