新型冠状病毒肺炎诊治

2019年12月在武汉市爆发新型冠状病毒肺炎新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)中国引起严重疫情并在世界多个国家引起疫情,疫情来势凶猛及传染性强。我们对引起此次疫情的病原体-2019新型冠状病毒知之甚少,我们在此结合近期在新冠肺炎方面发表相关的研究,介绍新冠肺炎的诊断与治疗体会。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对急性心肌梗死诊治的影响

新型冠状病毒肺炎成为世界卫生体系的严峻挑战,国内外均采取了前所未有的严格防控措施,肺炎疫情对急性心肌梗死的急诊救治流程产生了深刻的影响,国内外制定了一系列的相关文件以指导疫情期间急性心肌梗死的救治工作,本文对此进行综述。     

冠状病毒及新型冠状病毒肺炎防控策略

随着科学技术的发展和医学研究不断取得新进步,人们认识到病毒引发的传染性疾病仍然对人类健康构成巨大威胁,据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)宣布,地球上对人类危害最大的有九大病毒:(1)克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒(Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus,CCHFV);(2)埃博拉病毒(Ebola virus,EBOV);(3)马尔堡病毒(Marburg virus,MBV);(4)艾滋病病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV);(5)寨卡病毒(Zika virus,ZKV);(6)狂犬病毒(rabies virus,RBV);(7)流感病毒(influenza virus,FLV);(8)尼帕病毒和裂谷热病毒(Nipah virus and riftvelley fever virus,NV-RFV);(9)冠状病毒(coronavirus,CoV),其中包括中东呼吸综合征(Middle East respiratory syndrome,MERS)和重症急性呼吸综合征(severe acute respiratory syndrome,SARS)等。特别是EBOV和CoV传播较快,病死率高,造成了严重公共健康危机[1-3]。     

对2019年新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控的思考

新型冠状病毒肺炎的暴发为人类敲响了一记警钟。新发传染病因其病原体的未知性、流行过程的复杂性、传播速度的快速性给公众健康、社会经济都带来了巨大损失，其防控更是传染病防控的重点。One Health策略是21世纪快速发展的应对全球公共卫生问题的新型措施，它注重人类、动物、环境间的关联性，强调跨学科、跨部门、跨领域的合作，在新发传染病防控方面具有重要意义。本文从One Health的角度对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的防控措施进行探讨，进一步阐明One Health策略在新发传染病防控中的重要作用。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下肝癌患者外科诊疗的思考与建议

新型冠状病毒肺炎（新冠肺炎）对人民的生命健康造成了巨大的威胁。在新冠肺炎疫情下,如何应对肝胆外科肝癌患者的门诊筛查、病房管理以及安全地实施肝癌手术,都是对肝胆外科医师提出的新挑战。我们认为,该病的临床处置应在筛查新冠肺炎的前提下,遵循正规操作流程,做好充分防护。对于需要急诊治疗但无法排除新冠肺炎的肝癌患者,须综合考虑患者的病情严重程度、手术方式及手术室条件,慎重制定个体化治疗方案。整个诊疗过程必须遵从既保证患者的安全及疗效,又要降低医护人员感染风险的原则。     

胆囊结石伴急性胆囊炎患者在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间的防控和诊治

目前,新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情依然十分严峻,全国各地高度重视疫情防控工作。胆囊结石伴急性胆囊炎作为肝胆外科常见的急腹症之一,发病急、进展快,需要早期诊断和及时有效的治疗。在疫情防控的特殊时期,应合理收治患者,减少院内交叉感染。胆囊结石伴急性胆囊炎常伴有发热,要明确是否合并有新型冠状病毒感染的情况,合理选择治疗方案,制订个体化治疗措施。在确保患者得到及时有效的诊治的同时,落实落细患者及陪护人的防控工作,切实防止院内感染的发生。重视医务人员的个人防护工作,科学施救,切实保障医务人员的人身安全。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情常态化防控下血液透析室的管理

血液透析室的管理涉及场地、人员、机器、耗材及环境等诸多方面.新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情下,感控管理、区域内各血液透析单位之间协同合作尤为重要.经历了2020年疫情爆发"遭遇战",我们的体会是环境物表的感控因其皆为"不动的死物",消毒方法有章可循,管理的真正难点是带有"移动"特性的"人".     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间心血管急危重症患者临床处理原则的专家共识

为应对在湖北暴发的新型冠状病毒肺炎,中华医学会心血管病学分会组织125位心血管和感染控制领域专家,经充分讨论,完成此共识。共识的主要观点及原则:(1)强调疫情防治为压倒一切的第一要务,尽快提高心血管医护人员的自我防护意识和能力,避免院内交叉感染;(2)提出疫情期间对心血管危重症救治的十六字指导原则,为疫情第一、风险评估、首选保守、确保防护;(3)强调要遵照医疗机构的感控部门及医疗行政管理部门的意见进行医疗实践及手术操作。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下老年骨质疏松患者的管理

骨质疏松是一种与增龄相关的骨骼疾病,其严重后果是骨折,致死和致残率都高,需早期防治和有效合理地管理。2019年12月底我国从湖北省武汉市开始爆发了新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19),目前研究表明老年和有慢性基础疾病的患者预后较差,也是主要的死亡人群。因此,疫情期间做好老年骨质疏松患者的科学防控和管理至关重要。为此本文综述了老年骨质疏松患者的防控及综合治疗措施,以指导临床医师更好地管理患者,从而安全度过疫期。     

Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Geriatrics and Long-Term Care: The ABCDs of COVID-19

The pandemic of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is having a global impact unseen since the 1918 worldwide influenza epidemic. All aspects of life have changed dramatically for now. The group most susceptible to COVID-19 are older adults and those with chronic underlying medical disorders. The population residing in long-term care facilities generally are those who are both old and have multiple comorbidities. In this article we provide information, insights, and recommended approaches to COVID-19 in the long-term facility setting. Because the situation is fluid and changing rapidly, readers are encouraged to access frequently the resources cited in this article. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:912–917, 2020     

Four Cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Transferred from a Cruise Ship

An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that began in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly to many countries. We herein report four cases of COVID-19 confirmed in Japan among passengers of the cruise ship Diamond Princess and describe the clinical features, clinical course, and progression of chest computed tomographic images, chest radiographs, and treatment. Although these four patients had symptoms that included a fever, malaise, runny nose, and cough, one patient had no symptoms on admission. Two of the four patients needed mechanical ventilation due to respiratory deterioration. One of the patients who required mechanical ventilation was transferred to a higher-level medical institution. Except for that patient, the other three patients were able to return home under their own power. Every patient took lopinavir/ritonavir, which was considered the most effective treatment at the time. We used it after receiving approval from the ethics committee in our hospital. In this case report, we emphasize that some patients need to be carefully monitored, even if their respiratory condition is stable at the initial presentation, as their respiratory status may deteriorate rapidly within a few days after oxygen administration begins.     

Suspected Tuberculous Pleurisy and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Comorbidity

A 33-year-old woman with a fever, cough, and pharyngitis was admitted after left-sided pleural effusion was detected. The fever and upper respiratory symptoms were confirmed, and she was diagnosed with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) after showing a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. After thoracentesis, pleural fluid revealed elevated adenosine deaminase values and a positive QuantiFeron test; tuberculous pleurisy was thus suspected. Subsequent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) PCR and anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG tests were negative, suggesting that the initial PCR result had been erroneous. However, we were unable to confirm this. Data concerning COVID-19 diagnostics are insufficient at present. It is important to make comprehensive judgments regarding the diagnosis and treatment of patients as well as public health.