牛磺酸在大鼠体内的药代动力学

目的:建立牛磺酸(TAU)在血浆和组织中HPLC的测定方法,进行TAU在大鼠体内的药代动力学研究.方法:Wistar大鼠在清醒状态下以60 mg/kg尾静脉注射TAU,分别于给药前和给药后1、3、5、10、15、20、30、45 min,l、1.5、2h,从內眦静脉取血0.5mL,分离血浆后,以乙腈沉淀蛋白,2,4-二硝基氟苯(DNFB)进行柱前衍生化处理后,采用RP-HPLC法,以A:乙酸钠溶液(pH7.0),B:乙腈-水(40∶60,v/v)为二元流动相,经Venusil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱分离,紫外检测器于波长360 nm处测定血浆中TAU含量,根据测定结果绘制TAU血药浓度-时间曲线并计算其药代动力学参数.结果:TAU以40 mg/kg、80 mg/kg、160 mg/kg尾静脉注射给药后,血中能迅速检测到TAU,其在大鼠体内药时过程符合非线性动力学,在房室模型的拟合上,符合一房室模型,其药代动力学参数T1/2分别为20.61、37.36和77.55 min,C0分别为317.28、477.63和818.02μg/mL,AUC(0-t)分别为10 132.0、18 305.5和59 508.6μg/(mL· min);3个剂量之间T1/2相比有统计学差异(P＜0.01),随剂量增加而延长,AUC(0-1)明显随剂量增加而增大,并且与剂量不成比例;统计矩参数MRT(0-t)分别为28.579、42.549和49.701 min.结论:建立了HPLC法测定大鼠血浆中TAU的方法,能满足研究药物在大鼠体内的药代动力学过程,其动力学行为符合一房室非线性动力学模型.     

Study on Pharmacokinetic Properties of Curcumin Derivative FM0807 in Mice under Different Drug Administration Manners

目的 研究姜黄素衍生物FM0807在不同给药方式的小鼠体内药代动力学特征. 方法 用HPLC法测定FM0807经静脉注射、灌胃给药后的小鼠血浆中FM0807及其代谢产物姜黄素的浓度,计算药代动力学参数. 结果 姜黄素在小鼠体内的代谢过程符合二室开放模型;静脉给药后的药代动力学参数为t1/2β 13.58 min、AUC 620.66 μg/(mL/min)、Vd 2.59 L/kg、Cmax 62.11μg/mL,灌胃给药后t1/2β 79.86 min、AUC 59.81 μg/(mL/min)、Vd 317.35 L/kg、Cmax 0.50 μg/mL. 结论 FM0807静脉给药迅速代谢为姜黄素,维持有效血药浓度50 min,FM0807灌胃后,姜黄素药-时曲线呈双峰,可能存在肝肠循环.     

福多司坦片在健康志愿者中的药代动力学研究

目的:研究福多司坦的人体药代动力学。方法:36名健康受试者随机分为600,400,200 mg 3个剂量组,每组12人,口服福多司坦片600,400,200 mg后,用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定血浆中福多司坦浓度。结果:单次口服福多司坦高、中、低剂量组的cmax分别为(22.44±7.61),(12.91±2.93),(6.53±1.61)μg/mL;tmax分别为(0.52±0.37),(0.44±0.15),(0.40±0.21)h。中剂量组多次口服福多司坦后所测cmax和tmax分别为(13.64±4.39)μg/mL(、0.55±0.50)h,平均稳态血药浓度为(3.67±0.95)μg/mL。低剂量组饮食后口服福多司坦后所测cmax和tmax分别为(3.37±0.68)μg/mL、(1.40±0.78)h。结论:健康受试者单次口服高、中、低3个剂量的福多司坦后,药代动力学参数tmax、Kt、1/2、MRT相近,cmax、AUC0-τ与剂量呈依赖性。对3个剂量的AUC0-τ进行方差分析,结果表明消除体重因素后,男性和女性健康受试者的AUC0-τ之间没有显著性差异(P>0.05),多次给药后福多司坦的人体药动学参数与单次给药的药代动力学参数基本一致,饮食组与空腹组的cmax及tmax差异有极显著性意义(P<0.01)。     

甲巯咪唑大鼠经皮给药的药代动力学

目的:研究甲巯咪唑在大鼠体内经皮吸收的药代动力学,并与口服吸收动力学进行比较。方法:采用HPLC法测定大鼠口服(2 mg/kg)或经皮(1,2,4 mg/kg)给药后血清和甲状腺组织中的甲巯咪唑浓度。色谱柱为Lichrospher C18柱,流动相为甲醇-水(10∶90),流速1.0 min,柱温30℃,检测波长UV 254 nm。结果:口服或经皮(2 mg/kg)给药后,甲巯咪唑的tmax分别为1.5 h和2.5 h,cmax分别为1 716.6和817.2 ng/mL,AUC分别为4 606.2和3 739.6 ng.h/mL,t1/2分别为2.64 h和2.70 h,甲状腺组织中的药物浓度分别于给药后2 h和1 h达到峰值,其峰浓度分别为307.7和320.9 ng/50 mg。经皮给予高、中和低3个剂量甲巯咪唑后,其AUC与剂量呈现线性相关性。结论:甲巯咪唑口服给药的血药浓度明显高于经皮给药的血药浓度,但甲状腺组织中的药物浓度无显著性差异,提示经皮给药的全身不良反应小于口服给药。     

硝苯吡啶在家兔体内的时辰药代动力学

目的:观察硝苯吡啶(NF)在家兔体内不同给药时间药代动力学特征。方法:用HPLC法测定不同时间单剂量给药后NF在家兔体内药代动力学。结果:NF在8:00给药AUC,tmax,Cmax分别为974.69μg/(L·h),0.91h,162.15μg/L。在20:00给药分别为536.29μg/(L·h),1.35h,93.61μg/L。2个时间给药的药动学参数差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。家兔体内NF的药代动力学规律均符合血管外给药一级吸收单室模型,并呈现明显的时间依赖性变化。结论:清晨给药可提高NF的生物利用度。     

对乙酰氨基酚在大鼠体内药动学研究

目的应用反相高效液相色谱法（RP-HPLC）测定大鼠血浆中对乙酰氨基酚浓度,研究单剂量口服不同剂量对乙酰氨基酚片在大鼠体内的药代动力学。方法3组SD大鼠分别按体重单剂量口服对乙酰氨基酚片300 mg/kg、600 mg/kg、1 200 mg/kg后,采用RP-HPLC测定血浆中药物的浓度,绘制血药浓度-时间曲线,计算其药代动力学参数。结果3个剂量组的对乙酰氨基酚药-时曲线均符合口服吸收的一级动力学二室模型,主要药代动力学参数：Tmax分别为（0.78±0.17）h、（1.07±0.12）h、（1.19±0.12）h;Cmax分别为（158.99±26.08）μg/ml、（226.26±20.38）μg/ml、（402.95±86.46）μg/ml;T1/2kα分别为（0.24±0.09）h、（0.39±0.11）h、（0.43±0.14）h;T1/2ke分别为（3.78±0.33）h、（3.66±0.32）h、（4.33±0.47）h;AUC0→24分别为（718.71±143.03）μg·h^-1·ml^-1（1 578.53±246.76）μg·h^-1·ml^-1（3 734.67±665.58）μg·h^-1·ml^-1AUC0→∞分别为（757.16±155.29）μg·h^-1·ml^-1（1 594.61±247.11）μg·h^-1·ml^-1（3 847.99±692.03）μg·h^-1·ml^-1结论所建立RP-HPLC法能够准确地测定对乙酰氨基酚血药浓度,能满足药代动力学的研究需求;低剂量组和中剂量组的药代动力学过程基本相似,但高剂量组则与上述两组则有所不同,这可能与其剂量过高有关。     

HPLC法测定清热解毒颗粒中大黄素在大鼠体内的药代动力学

目的研究清热解毒颗粒中大黄素在大鼠体内的药代动力学。方法 20只成年大鼠,随机分为0.1g/kg和0.2g/kg清热解毒颗粒组,每组10只,采用HPLC法测定血药浓度,计算药代动力学参数。结果 0.1g/kg组与0.2g/kg组的主要药代动力学参数分别为：Cmax（μg/mL）为（10.14±0.39）与（11.42±0.64）,tmax（h）为（4.08±0.37）与（4.11±0.45）,AΜCto（μg·h·/mL）为（4307±142）与（4632±167）,AΜC0∞（μg·h·/mL）为（4784±183）与（4836±201）。结论 HPLC法适用于清热解毒颗粒中大黄素的药代动力学研究。     

富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯胶囊在中国人体内的药代动力学

研究富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯胶囊在中国人体内的药代动力学特征。12名健康受试者依次进行低剂量(300mg)单、多次给药;高(600 mg)剂量单次给药和低剂量饮食影响单次给药的药代动力学试验,计算药代动力学参数。受试者单次口服300 mg和600 mg受试制剂后,替诺福韦的cmax分别为(305.4±96.4)和(590.0±149.6)ng/mL,AUC0-72 h分别为(2 396±489)和(4 465±1 042)ng.h/mL,t1/2分别为(19.9±2.4)和(21.9±3.0)h。结果显示替诺福韦在300～600 mg剂量范围内呈现线性药代动力学特征,体内过程不受性别差异的影响。与空腹给药相比,高脂餐后给药的tmax延后1.6 h,AUC0-72 h提高约32%。多次给药达稳态后,替诺福韦的稳态血药浓度波动度为2.7±0.6,累积常数Rcmax为1.3±0.3,RAUC为1.7±0.4,在人体内的暴露量增加约70%。     

左旋和右旋奥硝唑在大鼠体内的药代动力学

目的:研究大鼠口服和静注左旋、右旋奥硝唑,比较两者药代动力学行为差异。方法:大鼠分别口服和静注左旋、右旋奥硝唑后,用HPLC法测定血浆中药物的浓度。色谱柱为Lichrospher C18柱,流动相为甲醇-0.4%HOAc(30∶70),流速0.8 mL/min,柱温40℃,紫外检测波长316 nm。结果:口服给药后,左旋、右旋奥硝唑的t1/2分别为2.49和3.42 h,AUC分别为168.21和207.19μg.h/mL,CL/F分别为0.11和0.09 L/h。静脉注射给药后,左旋、右旋奥硝唑的t1/2分别为2.19和3.23h,AUC分别为138.40和203.09μg.h/mL,CL分别为0.08和0.05 L/h。结论:左旋、右旋奥硝唑在大鼠体内的药代动力学行为存在一定的差异。     

HPLC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中紫杉醇含量及其脂质体药代动力学研究

目的:建立一种测定大鼠血浆中紫杉醇浓度的高效液相色谱串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）分析方法,并研究其脂质体的药代动力学。方法:对6只SD大鼠静脉注射1 mg/kg的紫杉醇脂质体注射液,分别于给药后0、0.5、1、2、4、8、12、24、48 h自眼眶取血0.2 mL,C18反相色谱柱作为固定相,水（1 mmoL/L甲酸铵-0.05%甲酸）-甲醇作为流动相,ESI+扫描模式,MRM监测模式,药代动力学参数采用DAS 2.0软件进行计算。结果:紫杉醇在1～5 000 ng/mL范围内线性较好（R2 =0.999 7）,定量下限（LLOQ）为1 ng/mL,日内和日间精密度均低于10%,紫杉醇脂质体给药后血药浓度-时间曲线满足二室模型,主要药代动力学参数t1/2、Cmax、AUC0→t分别为（4.79±0.85）h、（49 785.12±1 618.45）μg/L、（38 753.08±6 144.66）μg/L·h。结论:本方法专属性和灵敏度高,结果可靠,能满足测定大鼠血浆中紫杉醇的定量需求。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.