局部应用内皮抑素对小鼠Lewis肺癌抑瘤作用的研究

目的我们通过局部应用内皮抑素治疗小鼠Lewis肺癌,观察内皮抑素对小鼠Lewis肺癌的抑瘤作用,及内皮抑素对VEGF表达的影响.方法用小鼠Lewis肺癌细胞种植于15只C57小鼠体内,建立小鼠Lewis肺癌移植瘤模型,当移植瘤体积生长至400～600mm3时分组并开始给药.小鼠随机分为三组,A组为空白对照组,B组每日尾静脉注射内皮抑素20μg,C组每日于肿瘤部位局部注射内皮抑素20μg,共11天.测定抑瘤率及微血管密度评价疗效,免疫组化(S-P)法测定VEGF在各组的表达水平.结果试验组较对照组抑瘤率增高(P＜0.05),微血管密度降低(P＜0.05),试验组VEGF水平较对照组低(P＜0.01).结论内皮抑素对小鼠Lewis肺癌移植瘤的生长有明显抑制作用,局部用药较全身用药的作用增强,内皮抑素可以通过降低VEGF在肿瘤组织中的表达抑制肿瘤生长.     

放疗联合周剂量重组人血管内皮抑素对A549肺腺癌裸鼠移植瘤生长抑制作用的研究

目的:研究放疗联合周剂量重组人血管内皮抑素(recombinant human endostatin, rh-Endostatin)对肺腺癌A549裸鼠移植瘤生长的抑制作用.方法: 40 只裸鼠A549细胞移植瘤模型随机分成4组:空白对照组、rh-Endostatin治疗组、放射治疗组和放疗联合rh-Endostatin治疗组,观察并绘制肿瘤生长曲线图,计算肿瘤体积抑制率;肿瘤组织行常规HE病理学检查,免疫组织化学法检测肿瘤组织中微血管内皮CD31的表达及肿瘤微血管密度(microvessel density, MVD)的变化;采用免疫组织化学及Western印迹法检测血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)的表达;TUNEL法检测肿瘤细胞的凋亡. 结果:治疗第8天起,放疗联合rh-Endostatin治疗组的肿瘤体积与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).15 d后,rh-Endostatin治疗组、放射治疗组和放疗联合rh-Endostatin治疗组小鼠的肿瘤体积的抑制率依次为68.35%、90.78%和106.56%; rh-Endostatin治疗组小鼠的MVD较放射治疗组下降明显(P＜0.05);但rh-Endostatin治疗组与对照组、放疗联合rh-Endostati治疗组及放射治疗组相比,VEGF的改变差异均无统计学意义;放疗联合rh-Endostatin治疗组细胞凋亡明显.结论:放疗联合周剂量rh-Endostatin能抑制肿瘤的生长,较早诱导肿瘤退缩,可能与减少放射治疗后肿瘤血管再生及增加肿瘤细胞和内皮细胞的凋亡相关;各治疗组小鼠均未出现急性不良反应,因此该方法具有短疗程的优势,可用于临床推广.     

人重组血管内皮抑素联合放疗对鼻咽癌CNE-2裸鼠移植瘤抑制及其机制的探讨

目的:观察人重组血管内皮抑素(恩度)联合放射治疗对鼻咽癌CNE-2裸鼠移植瘤的生长作用及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达的影响.方法:皮下接种CNE-2细胞制作人鼻咽癌CNE-2裸鼠移植瘤模型,小鼠随机分为空白对照组、恩度组、放疗组和恩度联合照射组4组.分别采用生理盐水、恩度、放疗和恩度+放疗等干预.于放疗后11d处死,取出肿瘤,绘制肿瘤生长曲线,计算抑瘤率,免疫组化(Envision)法测定VEGF和PCNA的表达.结果:恩度组、放疗组及恩度联合照射组均能不同程度抑制移植瘤的生长,其中以恩度联合照射组最明显,P＜0.05;VEGF和PCNA蛋白的表达各治疗组有不同程度的降低,其中联合组下降最为明显,P＜0.05.结论:恩度和放疗联用对鼻咽癌裸小鼠有明显肿瘤抑制作用,其机制可能与下调VEGF和PCNA的表达、抑制新生血管的生成,进而抑制细胞增殖有关.     

重组人血管内皮抑素与多西紫杉醇不同顺序用药调控移植瘤组织MMP及抗瘤效应观察

背景与目的 通过药物干预性动物实验,观察重组人血管内皮抑素(rh-endostatin)与多西紫杉醇不同顺序联合用药后MMP-2及相关因子的变化及其对移植瘤生长与血管生成的影响,探索两药联合的作用机制和最佳抗肿瘤方案.方法 建立肺腺癌A549荷瘤裸鼠模型,分两个阶段进行实验.第一阶段:将荷瘤小鼠随机分为重组人血管内皮抑素组(重组人血管内皮抑素400μg·d-1,d1-d14)和多西紫杉醇组(多西紫杉醇10 mg·kg1·3d-1,d1-d14);第二阶段:将荷瘤小鼠随机分为同时用药组(重组人血管内皮抑素400μg·d-1、d1-d35,多西紫杉醇10mg·kg-1·3d-1、d1-d19)、先重组人血管内皮抑素组(重组人血管内皮抑素400μg·d-1、d1-d35,多西紫杉醇10 mg·kg-1·3d-1、d16-d34)和模型组.实验中动态测量移植瘤体积,结束后以免疫组化方法检测MMP-2、TIMP-2、EMMPRIN表达并计数微血管密度(MVD).结果 两单药组比较,重组人血管内皮抑素组MMP-2和EMMPRIN表达下调较多西紫杉醇组(P=0.024,P=0.081)明显,两组间TIMP-2表达无明显差异(P＞0.05).联合组用药结束时,同时用药组与先重组人血管内皮抑素组的移植瘤体积小于模型组(P＜0.001,P=0.003),且MMP-2表达均明显下调、微血管数减少(P＜0.05),但同时用药组对肿瘤生长的抑制较先重组人血管内皮抑素组明显;与模型组相比,同时用药组TIMP-2上调(P=0.001)、EMMPRIN下调(P=0.018),先重组人血管内皮抑素组未见相似结果.结论 同时用药方案可以从TIMP-2、EMMPRIN两个环节下调MMP-2的表达,从而更好地抑制肿瘤生长.     

内皮抑素对小细胞肺癌移植瘤微血管生成的影响

[目的]探讨内皮抑素对小细胞肺癌裸鼠移植瘤微血管生成的影响。[方法]将人小细胞肺癌细胞株NCI—H446接种于裸鼠背部皮下．待移植肿瘤成形后．随机分为对照组、试验1组和试验2组,每日于肿瘤部位分别注射生理盐水200μl、内皮抑素20μg、内皮抑素40μg,观察三组小鼠移植瘤的生长情况．并检测各组肿瘤的微血管密度。[结果]不同剂量的内皮抑素对肿瘤生长的影响均呈现明显的时间-效应和剂量-效应关系：随着内皮抑素剂量升高．移植瘤中的微血管密度下降。[结论]内皮抑素通过阻断微血管生成而抑制小细胞肺癌移植肿瘤的生长．     

血管内皮抑素对小鼠体内Lewis肺癌血管生成及转移影响的研究

目的：观察血管内皮抑素（Endostatin）对C57小鼠体内Lewis肺癌生长、血管生成及转移的影响。方法：将荷Lewis肺癌的C57鼠进行不同剂量组的内皮抑素和顺铂干预，观察肿瘤生长、移植瘤及转移瘤体内的血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和微血管密度（MVD）的表达及转移发生率，并作统计学分析。结果：内皮抑素对鼠Lewis肺癌的生长有明显的抑制作用。内皮抑素处理组（内含400μg、300μg、200μg和200μg＋DDP组）和模型组转移率间的差异有统计学意义（P=0．0303）。内皮抑素能显著下调移植瘤及转移瘤内的VEGF。移植瘤中模型组与其余各组之间均存在显著差异（P〈0．01）；400μg组与200μg组、DDP组、联合用药组之间均存在统计学差异（P〈0．05）；300μg组与200组之间存在统计学差异（P〈0．05）；转移瘤中模型组与其余各组之间均存在统计学差异（P〈0．05）。300μg与200μg之间有统计学差异（P〈0．05），200μg与DDP组和200μg＋DDP组之间有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。原位移植瘤与肺转移肿瘤组织中VEGF表达呈正相关（r=0．977，P=0．001）。内皮抑素能显著下调移植瘤及转移瘤内和MVD。在移植瘤中400μg和300μg组肿瘤微血管密度最小，彼此无差异；200μg加DDP组肿瘤微血管密度次之，200μg组肿瘤微血管密度再次，DDP组肿瘤微血管密度在各实验组中最多，模型组肿瘤微血管密度最大。在转移瘤中400μg、300μg和200μg组微血管密度最小，这三组彼此无差异。200μg加DDP组肺转移瘤组织微血管密度次之，DDP组肺转移瘤组织微血管密度在各实验组中最多；模型组肿瘤微血管密度最大。内皮抑素可以减少肿瘤肺转移，作用程度在一定范围内与内皮抑素剂量呈正相关。结论：血管内皮抑素可以通过下调瘤组织中的VEGF和MVD抑制肿瘤生长及转移。     

丹参注射液对lewis肺癌小鼠移植瘤生长转移及VEGF表达的影响

目的:观察不同浓度丹参注射液对lewis肺癌小鼠移植瘤生长转移及肿瘤血管内皮细胞生长因子表达的影响.方法:将荷lewis肺癌的C57BL小鼠,分别腹腔注射不同浓度的丹参注射液[(5,10,20,40,80)g/kg]、环磷酰胺(CTX)、生理盐水,检测小鼠的肺部转移灶数和移植瘤的体积、重量及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达.结果:丹参各剂量组对荷瘤小鼠瘤重均有抑制作用,在实验范围内无明显的剂量依赖关系,与生理盐水组比较,丹参各剂量组差异无显著性(P>0.05).CTX组对荷瘤小鼠瘤重抑制较明显,与生理盐水组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05).丹参各剂量组对荷瘤小鼠肿瘤体积有不同程度的抑制,但无明显的剂量依赖关系,与生理盐水组比较,丹参各组差异无显著性(P>0.05).CTX组对荷瘤小鼠肿瘤体积抑制较明显,与生理盐水组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.01).丹参各剂量组的肺转移灶数目均低于生理盐水组,但差异无显著性(P>0.05),CTX组肺转移灶数目低于生理盐水组,差异有显著性(P<0.01).丹参各剂量组对荷瘤小鼠移植瘤VEGF的表达与生理盐水组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05),CTX组移植瘤VEGF的表达与生理盐水组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05).丹参各剂量组对荷瘤小鼠脾、胸腺指数的影响与生理盐水组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05),CTX组脾、胸腺指数与生理盐水组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05).结论:不同浓度的丹参注射液对荷瘤小鼠的瘤重、瘤体积及肺部转移灶无明显的抑制或促进作用,对肿瘤转移相关因子VEGF的表达无影响.     

重组人血管内皮抑素联合紫杉醇对裸鼠MKN-45胃癌抗肿瘤效应的实验研究

目的探讨重组人血管内皮抑素联合紫杉醇对裸鼠原位移植人胃癌抗肿瘤效应及作用机制,为进一步的临床研究提供理论依据。方法采用人胃癌细胞株MKN-45完整组织块作裸鼠原位移植,建立裸鼠胃癌模型,种植后从体表可以触及肿瘤,将32只人胃癌原位种植的裸鼠随机分为重组人血管内皮抑素组(重组人血管内皮抑素15 mg/kg),单一化疗组(选用紫杉醇20 mg/kg),联合用药组(重组人血管内皮抑素15 mg/kg+紫杉醇20 mg/kg)及对照组(等体积生理盐水)4组。给药后取肿瘤组织,测量原位肿瘤重量,计算抑瘤率、肿瘤细胞凋亡、肿瘤微血管密度(MVD)以及血清血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)的表达,观察肿瘤细胞腹膜、肝、其他脏器转移及腹水情况。结果联合用药组瘤重、血清VEGF和bFGF、MVD等较单一化疗组及对照组明显降低(P0.01或P0.05),凋亡指数较单一化疗组明显增高(P0.01或P0.05)。结论重组人血管内皮抑素联合紫杉醇能明显抑制裸鼠原位移植人胃癌的生长和转移,显示出较好的协同抗肿瘤作用。     

槲皮素联合川芎嗪对小鼠Lewis 肺癌生长的抑制作用

 目的 探讨槲皮素联合川芎嗪对小鼠Lewis肺癌生长的抑制作用及其机制。方法 复制C57BL小鼠Lewis肺癌模型，将40只接种Lewis肺癌的C57BL小鼠随机分成4组：对照组（A组）、槲皮素组（B组）、川芎嗪组（C组）、槲皮素＋川芎嗪组（D组），每组10只。连续用药20日，观察移植瘤生长情况，于接种后第22天处死各组小鼠，采用免疫组化半定量检测肿瘤组织微血管密度（MVD）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）及增殖核抗原（PCNA）的表达水平，用原位凋亡TUNEL法检测肿瘤细胞凋亡指数（AI）。结果 （1）B、C、D组肿瘤的生长明显受到抑制，瘤重明显低于A组，其抑瘤率分剐为39．87％、35．45％、54．58％，D组抑瘤率明显高于B、C组，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。（2）B、C、D组MVD、VEGF及PCNA表达水平明显低于A组（P〈0．05或0．01），尤其是D组表达最低。B、C、D组AI较A组增高（P〈0．05或0．01），D组最高。结论 槲皮素与川芎嗪联合用药可明显抑制Lewis肺癌移植瘤的生长，其作用机制与抑制微血管生成、抑制细胞增殖和促进细胞凋亡有关。     

腺病毒介导的内皮抑素基因治疗小鼠肺癌

目的 探讨内皮抑素对小鼠肺癌生长和转移的抑制作用及其对肿瘤内部新生血管的影响.方法 在C57BL/6小鼠背部皮下注射2×106 lewis肺癌(LLC)细胞,建立小鼠肺癌种植瘤模型,2周后,瘤内注射2×109 pfu内皮抑素腺病毒载体,观察内皮抑素对肿瘤生长、转移及生存率的影响,检测内皮抑素在肿瘤组织的原位表达和血液循环中的表达水平及持续时间.用免疫组化方法,检测肿瘤内部血管密度,观察治疗对肿瘤血管的影响.用透射电镜观察肿瘤细胞的凋亡情况.结果 免疫组化检测结果显示,内皮抑素蛋白在内皮抑素组的肿瘤组织中呈强阳性表达,而在空载体对照组和阴性对照组中呈阴性表达或很少量表达.用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)法检测内皮抑素组血清内皮抑素浓度,第2周可达1540±560 ng/ml;1个月后,血清内皮抑素浓度降至对照水平.内皮抑素组的肿瘤体积和生存率,与空载体对照和阴性对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).抗CD31抗体标记的肿瘤内血管密度(MVD)在内皮抑素组、空载体对照组和阴性对照组中,分别为37.5±4.6、65.2±5.8和68.5±4.5个/200倍视野,抗CD105抗体标记的肿瘤内MVD分别为10.5±3.2、39.7±5.6和42.4±4.8个/200倍视野,内皮抑素组与空载体对照组和阴性对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).内皮抑素组的组织在电镜下呈凋亡相的肿瘤细胞多见.结论 腺病毒介导的内皮抑素基因可在体内高效、较长时间表达内皮抑素蛋白,对小鼠皮下种植瘤有一定的治疗作用,其作用的靶点是抑制新生血管的生成.     

Normobaric oxygen treatment during radiotherapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Results from a prospective controlled randomized trial.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hypoxia, a frequent characteristic of cervical cancer, is associated with reduced sensitivity to irradiation and thus may be a source of radiotherapy failure. This study was planned to test the hypothesis, that inhalation of oxygen during radiotherapy may increase the radiation effect on the tumor and improve loco-regional control and overall survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 1963 to 1965, a consecutive series of 208 patients with cervical cancer stage II/III who were to be treated by external irradiation plus radium inserts, were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to either receive oxygen inhalations during the radiotherapy sessions or just breathing air. Due to technical reasons the oxygen group was divided. For the first 10 months, they did receive oxygen during the radium inserts only, the last 13 months during all radiotherapy sessions. RESULTS: After median 33 years follow-up, there are no differences in overall survival, cancer-specific survival or loco-regional control. Subgroup analysis shows significantly improved loco-regional control in the stage IIB patients, with squamous cell carcinoma who received oxygen during all radiotherapy sessions. This improvement was especially pronounced among the patients who also received blood transfusions. CONCLUSIONS: There was no influence of normobaric oxygen treatment on the overall outcome to radiotherapy in patients with stage II cervical cancer, but subgroup analyses support the hypothesis that there is tumor areas of hypoxia-based radioresistance that may be counteracted by oxygen administration.     

Sp1 inhibition-mediated upregulation of VEGF165b induced by rh-endostatin enhances antiangiogenic and anticancer effect of rh-endostatin in A549

Recombinant human endostatin (rh-endostatin), a potential antiangiogenic agent, is used in non-small cell lung carcinoma treatment and represses vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) levels in tumor cell. However, precise affection of rh-endostatin on the proangiogenic VEGF isoforms (VEGF₁₆₅) or antiangiogenic VEGF isoforms (VEGF₁₆₅b) is not clear. We therefore tested the hypothesis that rh-endostatin could alter expression of these isoforms to regulate tumor growth. A549 cells were exposed to rh-endostatin, and the expression of VEGF₁₆₅ and VEGF₁₆₅b was detected. The role of SP1 as a regulator of isoform expression was investigated. We then examined the anticancer and antiangiogenic efficacy of rh-endostatin in combination with exogenous VEGF₁₆₅b against A549 cells, EA.HY 926 cells and xenograft model of human lung cancer. rh-Endostatin reduced VEGF₁₆₅ and induced VEGF₁₆₅b as well as inhibited SP1 in A549 cells. SP1 inhibitor (betulinic acid) also developed those changes. VEGF₁₆₅b–rh-endostatin combination was highly synergistic and inhibited growth, survival, and migration of A549 cells, VEGF-mediated VEGFR2 phosphorylation in EA.HY 926 cells, and tumor growth in xenograft model of human lung cancer. rh-Endostatin downregulates proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) isoform and upregulates antiangiogenic VEGFA isoform, possibly through inhibition of SP1. Furthermore, VEGF₁₆₅b sensitizes A549 to rh-endostatin treatment and enhances the anticancer effect of rh-endostatin.     

重组人血管内皮抑素联合化疗与单纯化疗在晚期非小细胞肺癌中疗效比较的系统评价

背景与目的近年来已有大量有关抗血管生成药物重组人血管内皮抑素(恩度,rh-endostatin)在肺癌治疗中有效性和安全性的研究与报道,真实评价重组人血管内皮抑素对肺癌的治疗效果具有重要意义,本文将系统评价重组人血管内皮抑素联合化疗与单纯化疗在晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)治疗中的疗效与安全性。方法采用Cochrane系统评价方法,对Embase、Medline、SCI、Cochrane图书馆、中国生物医学文献数据库、中文科技期刊全文数据库、中国期刊全文数据库等数据库进行计算机检索,检索时间截止至2010年3月。纳入标准为研究对象为晚期NSCLC病例,实验组为重组人血管内皮抑素联合化疗,对照组为单独使用化疗,研究内容为比较两组治疗疗效的随机对照试验。纳入研究的质量由两名研究者评估。采用RevMan5.0软件对研究进行meta分析。结果按照标准共纳入15篇文献,1,326例病例。15项研究均为临床随机对照试验,其中2项对随机方法进行了详细描述,13项未对盲法进行描述。Meta分析表明,长春瑞滨+顺铂+重组人血管内皮抑素方案(NPE)与长春瑞滨+顺铂方案(NP)比较反应率差异有统计学意义(OR=2.16,95%CI:1.57-2.99),NPE方案治疗后重度白细胞减少(OR=0.94,95%CI:0.66-1.32)、重度血小板下降(OR=1.00,95%CI:0.64-1.57)和恶心呕吐(OR=0.85,95%CI:0.61-1.20)发生率均与NP方案比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。NPE+放疗方案与NP+放疗方案的反应率相似(OR=2.39,95%CI:0.99-5.79),NPE+放疗方案治疗后白细胞减少(OR=0.83,95%CI:0.35-1.94)、血小板下降(OR=0.78,95%CI:0.19-3.16)和放射性食管炎(OR=1.00,95%CI:0.40-2.49)发生率均与NP+放疗方案比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论在晚期NSCLC的治疗中,重组人血管内皮抑素与以铂类为基础的化疗方案联用可提高治疗反应率,同时毒副作用增加不明显,但在此基础上再与放疗联用并不能提高治疗反应率。由于本文纳入的研究较少,发生偏倚可能性较大,从而影响到结论的论证强度,尚需更多高质量的双盲随机对照研究提供证据。     

重组人血管内皮抑素联合NP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌中肿瘤空洞形成的意义

目的 分析晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)经重组人血管内皮抑素联合NP方案(长春瑞滨+顺铂)治疗后的肺部病灶内空洞形成现象,探讨其对抗血管生成治疗效果评价的意义.方法 57例晚期NSCLC患者,分别经重组人血管内皮抑素联合NP方案(29例)和NP方案(28例)治疗.治疗2个周期后行胸部CT检查,进行疗效评价;对治疗后出现肿瘤空洞的NSCLC进行临床及CT灌注成像分析;治疗前、后采用流式细胞术分别检测患者外周血活化循环血管内皮细胞(aCECs)数量.结果 NP方案组患者中见肺部病灶内空洞形成;重组人血管内皮抑素联合NP方案组患者中,5例(17.2%)肺部病灶内空洞形成,其中腺癌3例,腺鳞癌1例,肉瘤样癌1例,均未出现咯血症状.CT显示,5例均为周围型肺癌,单发空洞,形态以类圆形为主,平均直径为2.7 cm;3例薄壁,2例厚壁;4例位于瘤体中央,1例偏心.CT灌注功能成像显示,空洞形成患者的肿瘤内部供血处于抑制状态.5例空洞形成患者治疗前aCECs为323.2/105±236.9/105,治疗后下降至33.0/105±33.6/105.结论 肺部肿瘤出现空洞是抗血管生成治疗后一个较为独特的影像学表现.将其与CT灌注成像以及外周血aCECs联合观察,可能有助于评价抗血管生成治疗的疗效.     

Clinical Observation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Rhendostatin Combined with DP Regimen in Treating Patients with Advanced Esophageal Cancer

Objective: To observe the curative effects of rh-endostatin combined with DP regimen in treating patients with advanced esophageal cancer and analyze the correlation of CT perfusion (CTP) parameters and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Methods: Twenty patients with esophageal cancer confirmed pathologically were randomly divided into combined treatment (rh-endostatin+DP regimen) group and single chemotherapy group, 10 patients in each group, respectively. All patients were given conventional CT examination and CTP imaging for primary tumor. The level of VEGF, the size of tumor and CTP parameters (BF, BV, PS and MTT) before treatment and after 2 cycles of treatment were determined for the comparison and the correlation between CTP parameters and VEGF expression was analyzed. Results: the therapeutic effect ofrh-endostatin+DP regimen group was superior to single chemotherapy group. VEGF level after treatment in rhendostatin +DP regimen group was obviously lower than single chemotherapy group (P<0.01). The expression of VEGF had positive correlation with BF and BV but negative correlation with MTT. Compared with treatment before for rh-endostatin +DP regimen group, BF, BV and PS decreased while MTT increased after treatment (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between treatment before and after treatment in single chemotherapy (P>0.05). Conclusions: Rh-endostatin can down-regulate the expression of VEGF in esophageal cancer, change the state of hypertransfusion and high permeability of tumor vessels and had the better curative effect and slighter adverse reactions when combined with chemotherapy.     

重组人血管内皮抑制素对小鼠移植瘤及正常组织中血管相关因子影响的比较

  目的  观察重组人血管内皮抑制素(rh-endostatin, 商品名: 恩度, endostar)的抗肿瘤及抗血管生成效应, 比较其对移植瘤、心肌及肾脏组织中神经型一氧化氮合成酶(neuron NOS, nNOS)、内皮型一氧化氮合成酶(endothelial NOS, eNOS)mRNA、血管生成因子表达和微血管密度及结构的影响, 探讨其对心血管系统不良反应的原因。   方法  将36只小鼠随机分为空白对照组(不接种瘤块, 注射生理盐水)、药物对照组(不接种瘤块, 注射恩度)、模型组(接种瘤块, 注射生理盐水)和实验组(接种瘤块, 注射恩度), 每日1次, 处理28天。实验前、后称量小鼠体重, 测量移植瘤体积; Real-time PCR法检测各组小鼠移植瘤、心脏及肾脏组织中nNOS、eNOSmRNA的表达量, 免疫组化法检测小鼠移植瘤及肾脏组织中基质金属蛋白酶MMP-2、MMP-9、缺氧诱导因子HIF-1α、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达情况, CD34标记血管内皮细胞计数微血管密度(MVD); 以CD34与Masson双色染色法观察微血管结构的变化。   结果  1) 实验组移植瘤体积增长(75.60 mm3)小于模型组(131.89mm3), 差异有统计学意义(P=0.030);各组小鼠体重变化无显著性差异(P=0.609)。2)药物对照组及实验组小鼠肾脏组织中nNOS及eNOSmRNA表达量均下调(P < 0.05), 心肌组织中nNOSmRNA表达下调(P < 0.05)、eNOSmRNA却未见明显变化; 各组小鼠移植瘤组织中nNOS及eNOSmRNA表达的差异均无统计学意义。3)移植瘤组织中MMP-9和VEGF蛋白的表达显著降低, MMP-2、HIF-1α及各组小鼠肾脏组织MMP-2、MMP-9、HIF-1α、VEGF表达无明显变化; 移植瘤组织的MVD显著降低, 胶原覆盖血管的比例升高, 而肾脏组织中MVD和结构几乎无变化。   结论  重组人血管内皮抑制素可下调移植瘤组织中MMP-9和VEGF蛋白的表达、降低MVD, 抑制移植瘤的生长, 并可使移植瘤血管趋向成熟, 但不能降低肾脏组织中血管生成相关因子的表达、亦不能改变肾脏组织的MVD及微血管结构; 其可下调心脏及肾脏组织NOSmRNA的表达, 可能为应用中导致血压变化的原因之一。      

重组人血管内皮抑制素对小鼠肿瘤和心肌中血管结构及血管生成相关因子表达的影响

目的 观察重组人血管内皮抑制素对小鼠肿瘤及心肌中微血管影响的差异.方法 40只小鼠随机分为空白对照组(未荷瘤,生理盐水100 μl/d)、药物对照组(未荷瘤,重组人血管内皮抑制素400 μg/d)、模型组(荷瘤,生理盐水100 μl/d)和实验组(荷瘤,重组人血管内皮抑制素 400 μg/d),分别处理28 d.实验前后称量小鼠体重,测量移植瘤体积.采用免疫组化法检测小鼠心脏和移植瘤组织中基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2、MMP-9、缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)以及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)蛋白的表达情况,计数微血管密度(MVD).以CD34与Masson双染法观察微血管结构的变化.结果 实验组小鼠肿瘤体积的增加值为(48.18±37.31)mm3,低于模型组[(113.80±73.27)mm3,P＜0.05];各组小鼠体重变化的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).应用重组人血管内皮抑制素后,移植瘤组织中MMP-9和VEGF蛋白的表达显著降低,移植瘤组织中MMP-2、HIF-1α以及心肌组织中MMP-2、MMP-9、HIF-1α和VEGF蛋白的表达均无显著变化;移植瘤组织的MVD显著降低,胶原覆盖血管的比例升高,而心肌组织的MVD和结构几乎无变化.结论 重组人血管内皮抑制素可通过下调移植瘤组织中MMPs和VEGF蛋白的表达,降低MVD,抑制移植瘤的生长,并可使移植瘤血管趋向成熟,但不能降低心肌组织中MMPs的表达和成熟血管的MVD.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the effect of rh-endostatin on micrangium in tumor and myocardial tissue in nude mice. Methods Nude mice were randomized into 4 groups(10 mice in each group), blank control group (without tumor burden, received NS 100 μl·d-1 injection), drug control group (without tumor burden, received rh-endostatin 400 μg·d-1 injection), model group (with tumor burden, received NS 100 μl·d-1 injection) and treatment group (with tumor burden, received rh-endostatin 400 μg·d-1 injection) for 28 days. The tumor volume and body weight of the mice were measured before and after administration. The expression of CD34, MMP-2, MMP-9, HIF-1α and VEGF in the myocardium and tumor were detected by immunohistochemistry. The vascular structure was observed by immunoenzymatic CD34 and Masson double staining. Results The increase of tumor volume of the treatment group[(48.18±37.31) mm3]was significantly lower than that in the model group [(113.80±73.27) mm3). The changes of body weight was not significant different among the four groups. After treated with rh-endostatin, the expressions of MMP-9 and VEGF in tumors were significantly down-regulated, but the expressions of MMP-2 and HIF-1α in the tumor were not. The microvessel density (MVD) in the tumors of treatment group was significantly decreased compared with that of model group. The proportion of tumor vessels covered by collagen in the treatment group was increased compared with that of the model group. However, MVD and micrangium in myocardium were not changed significantly. Conclusion Rh-endostatin can decrease the expression of MMP-9, VEGF and MVD, inhibit the tumor growth and normalize tumor micrvangium in tumor but not weaken the MMPs and MVD of mature micragium in myocadium.     

不同年龄段甲状腺癌患者精确放疗敏感性的影响因素

目的 研究不同年龄段甲状腺癌患者精确放疗敏感性的影响因素分析.方法 选取105例甲状腺癌患者为研究对象,依据年龄分布情况分为青年组(n=233)、中年组(n=235)及老年组(n=237),分析在不同年龄段甲状腺癌患者中精确放疗的敏感性.结果 不同年龄段患者的肿瘤体积、分化程度及增敏化疗次数存在明显差异(P<0.05)...     

重组人血管内皮抑素联合化疗一线治疗转移性结直肠癌的临床观察

目的　探讨重组人血管内皮抑素（恩度）联合化疗一线治疗转移性结直肠癌的安全性与疗效。方法　１６例转移性结直肠癌患者,在常规化疗基础上联合恩度进行一线治疗,化疗方案包括ＸＥＬＯＸ方案、ＸＥＬＩＲＩ方案和卡培他滨单药,恩度１５ｍｇ／天静滴,第１～１４天。３周为１周期,共进行４～６个周期。结果　１６例患者共完成８３个周期的治疗,平均５.２个周期,均可评价不良反应和客观疗效。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应、神经毒性和手足综合征,多为１～２级,且与化疗相关。疗效评价获ＰＲ６例,ＳＤ７例,ＰＤ３例,客观缓解率为３７.５％,疾病控制率为８１.３％;中位无进展生存期为９.２０个月（９５％ＣＩ：３.３９～１５０１）,中位生存期为１５.３个月（９５％ ＣＩ：６.１８～２４.４２）;与治疗前相比,治疗后ＣＥＡ（Ｐ＝０.０４９）和ＣＡ１９９（Ｐ＝０.０４８）均显著下降。结论　恩度联合化疗一线治疗转移性结直肠癌安全有效。     

Treatment of autochthonous rat brain tumors with chemotherapy and radiotherapy

The authors tried to establish a model of primary, autochthonous avian sarcoma virus-induced rat glioma for experimental chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It was found that the intracerebral inoculation of 2 X 10(6) FFU/5 microliter of an infectious cells-free homogeneous sub-group D Schmidt-Ruppin avian sarcoma virus into 3-day-old inbred Fischer rats induced brain tumors in all rats. The mean survival time of the inoculated rats was 58.7 +/- 12 days. With regard to the classification of the induced brain tumors in Fischer rats, astrocytoma accounted for 70%. This ASV-induced tumor in rats fulfills the following criteria for a desirable animal model. Spontaneously arising. Glial origin. Intraparenchymal growth. Uniformly fatal within a reasonable time period. In the present study, the therapeutic effects of anticancer drugs, such as ACNU and vincristine were evaluated and additionally, the effect of ACNU used in conjunction with radiation was also evaluated in this model. The mean survival time of rats was prolonged significantly with ACNU (20 mg/kg) or radiation therapy (1,000 rads), respectively, and in cases where ACNU was used together with radiation, the mean survival time was prolonged further still, but not very significantly, in comparison with radiation therapy alone. In conclusion, the ASV-induced rat glioma model was considered to be closely akin to a spontaneous brain tumor in terms of morphology, blood supply and kinetics of the primary tumor. Moreover, the therapeutic sensitivity of this model to anticancer drugs was fairly similar to that of human anaplastic astrocytoma. Considering these observations, this model seems to be an excellent experimental brain tumor model which is useful for evaluating the effect of new therapies against malignant brain tumors.