隐睾合并腹股沟疝腹腔镜手术中关闭内环口的必要性探讨

目的探讨腹腔镜治疗小儿隐睾合并同侧腹股沟斜疝术中关闭内环口是否必要。 方法收集2009年6月至2016年5月间宜昌市第二人民医院50例隐睾合并同侧腹股沟斜疝行腹腔镜睾丸下降固定术的患儿临床资料。腹腔镜下彻底游离精索后所有的睾丸均经腹股沟管下降至阴囊,内环口均未缝合关闭。观察手术时间、睾丸下降情况及并发症等。 结果50例患儿鞘状突均未闭合,其中腹股沟管型隐睾39例,腹腔型隐睾11例。平均手术时间72 min,所有患儿睾丸均一期下降固定于阴囊。所有病例随访时间9个月至6.5年,中位时间3年,睾丸回缩至阴囊上方3例,超声复查无一例患儿腹股沟斜疝复发。 结论隐睾合并同侧腹股沟斜疝行腹腔镜睾丸下降固定术安全、有效,术中缝合关闭内环口也许是不必要的。     

经脐单部位腹腔镜技术治疗儿童腹股沟型隐睾(附33例报告)

目的:探讨经脐单部位腹腔镜技术在儿童腹股沟型隐睾治疗中的可行性和疗效。方法:2013年8~11月对33例41侧腹股沟型隐睾患儿进行经脐单部位腹腔镜手术治疗,术中均于腹股沟外探及睾丸,其中位于右侧14例,左侧11例,双侧8例。结果:手术均获成功,无术中并发症,无中转开放手术;33例41侧腹股沟型隐睾患儿均能经脐腹腔镜技术游离足够长度的精索并使睾丸能通过腹股沟管顺利降至阴囊。31例39侧睾丸固定于阴囊底,2例2侧睾丸固定于阴囊中部。随访6~9个月,所有睾丸发育良好,术后无睾丸回缩、萎缩、腹股沟斜疝及鞘膜积液等并发症发生。结论:经脐单部位腹腔镜技术治疗儿童腹股沟可触及隐睾,方法可行有效,且美容效果满意。     

腹股沟可触及睾丸的小儿隐睾的腹腔镜治疗体会

目的探讨腹腔镜技术在小儿腹股沟可触及隐睾中的应用。方法对23例26侧腹股沟可触及睾丸的隐睾患儿进行腹腔镜睾丸下降固定术治疗。其中左侧隐睾8例,右侧隐睾12例,双侧隐睾3例。结果 23例中有20例隐睾患者经腹腔镜手术均能分离到足够长度的精索及输精管,使睾丸能通过腹股沟管顺利降至阴囊中而I期完成手术。术后随访6月睾丸发育良好,睾丸无回缩,均未出现睾丸萎缩、腹股沟斜疝及鞘膜积液等并发症。3例转为腹股沟开放性手术。结论腹腔镜治疗腹股沟可触及的隐睾方法可行,疗效满意。     

腹腔镜及经阴囊小切口治疗小儿隐睾症的疗效观察

目的探讨小儿隐睾症的不同手术方式选择及疗效观察。方法 2013年9月至2014年7月在我科行睾丸下降固定术的患儿159例,其中睾丸位于阴囊上方或可推至阴囊内者采用经阴囊小切口行睾丸下降固定术,睾丸位于内环口或者无法触及睾丸且超声提示未见明显睾丸者采用腹腔镜睾丸下降固定术,摒弃经腹股沟切口睾丸下降固定术。结果 159例隐睾患儿,除其中15例睾丸萎缩切除外,其余均成功将睾丸降至阴囊内。术后随访患儿,睾丸发育正常,手术切口隐蔽,无明显疤痕,美容效果好。结论低位隐睾选择经阴囊小切口,高位隐睾选择腹腔镜下睾丸下降固定术,手术均能获得满意效果,且术后外观更美观,掌握好这两种手术的适应证和手术技巧,或可取代经典的经腹股沟切口睾丸下降固定术。     

带操作孔腹腔镜单孔法治疗腹股沟管内隐睾

目的探讨带操作孔腹腔镜单孔法行隐睾下降固定术的可行性。方法 2011年1月~2012年12月采用带操作孔腹腔镜单孔法行隐睾下降固定术治疗21例隐睾。在脐部开放式置入1个10 mm trocar,使用带操作孔腹腔镜松解精索及输精管,将睾丸固定于阴囊内。结果 21例手术均获成功,睾丸固定于阴囊底。手术时间50~120 min,平均70 min。术后2~3 d出院。21例术后随访1年,无睾丸萎缩或回缩,无腹股沟斜疝或脐疝发生。结论带操作孔腹腔镜单孔法治疗腹股沟管内隐睾可行,术后腹部无瘢痕,美容效果好。     

单阴囊切口且不结扎鞘状突在可触及型隐睾治疗中的应用研究

目的:通过对可触及型隐睾采用单阴囊切口且离断不结扎鞘状突行睾丸下降固定的手术方法的应用,探讨此方法的可行性及近期效果观察。方法:通过一项回顾性研究,纳入从2015年1~12月间因隐睾入院手术的病例:可触及型隐睾109例(125侧)(A+B组);未触及型隐睾15例(C组)。前者采用单阴囊切口+近内环口高位离断鞘状突(未结扎)睾丸下降固定(A组,53例,61侧)或标准腹股沟阴囊双切口睾丸下降固定(B组,56例,64侧),后者腹腔镜探查(C组)。分析单阴囊切口睾丸固定术在可触及型隐睾中的治疗成功率、术后近远期并发症、斜疝或鞘膜积液的发生(复发),以及单、双切口(A、B组)治疗可触及型隐睾中相关参数的比较。结果:可触及型隐睾患儿中位年龄1.4(0.6~11.0)岁。A组:中位年龄1.5(0.6~7.0)岁。隐睾侧别:左24例,2例伴有鞘膜积液;右20例,1例伴有鞘膜积液,2例术中增加腹股沟切口;双侧9例,1例右侧术中增加腹股沟切口。治疗成功率为95.1%(58/61)。B组:中位年龄1.4(0.8~11)岁。隐睾侧别:左27例;右22例,3例伴有腹股沟斜疝;双侧7例,1例术后右侧睾丸回缩。两组中鞘状突未闭合率80.8%(101/125)。未触及型隐睾C组15例全部腹腔镜探查:2例睾丸先天缺如;6例睾丸发育不良且切除;3例在内环口呈"窥视",改普通双切口术;4例腹腔镜手术固定。切口愈合良好,无睾丸萎缩,无斜疝或鞘膜积液发生(复发)。结论:单阴囊切口且不结扎鞘状突治疗可触及型隐睾是一种安全的手术方法,且不结扎鞘状突未增加发生斜疝或鞘膜积液的风险。     

右侧双重睾丸、左侧睾丸缺如1例报告

患儿男性 ,1.5岁 ,主因右侧腹股沟斜疝嵌顿 4小时入院。自幼患儿左侧阴囊未发现睾丸。查体 :右阴囊内梨形肿物约 8ｃｍ× 6ｃｍ× 5ｃｍ ,睾丸可触及 ,外环口处饱满。左阴囊及腹股沟区未触及睾丸。诊断为右侧腹股沟斜疝嵌顿 ,左侧隐睾行急诊手术。术中还纳嵌顿肠管剥离疝囊时 ,发现右侧外环口处有一睾丸 ,右阴囊内睾丸仍存在 ,遂将阴囊内睾丸及外环口处睾丸均提出切口外 ,见阴囊内睾丸发育良好 ,约 1.5ｃｍ× 1.0ｃｍ× 0 .8ｃｍ。外环口处睾丸较小 ,约 1.0ｃｍ× 0 .8ｃｍ× 0 .6ｃｍ ,形状及质地均同正常睾丸。两睾丸均有自己独立的附睾 ,…     

阴囊内睾丸固定术治疗隐睾19例

1986～1988年,我院采用阴囊内睾丸固定术治疗隐睾19例,其中右侧14例,左侧4例,双侧1例.外环型隐睾6个,腹股沟管型隐睾14个.年龄2～6岁.效果良好.手术方法:循斜疝修补术切口,显露睾丸及精索,切断睾丸引带并处理疝囊.充分松解精索,直到睾丸能无张力地降入阴囊.分离阴囊直达阴囊底部,由且手用     

睾丸横过异位二例报告

本组2例,年龄分别为17及15个月,均以右侧腹股沟斜疝、左侧隐睾收入院.体检左侧阴囊发育不良,左侧腹股沟及阴囊均未触及睾丸,右侧腹股沟斜疝,右侧阴囊可触及正常大小睾丸,B超示左侧腹股沟及阴囊未探及睾丸,右侧睾丸未见异常.因术前检查均未发现左侧睾丸,2例均采用腹腔镜探查,术中见右侧腹股沟管内环处有一睾丸,其血管供应来自左侧精索内血管,与位于右侧阴囊的右睾丸呈上下排列,2个睾丸体积正常,分别有各自的精索血管及输精管,2条精索靠膜性组织粘连,睾丸与附睾解剖形态正常,异位的睾丸未见引带,术中行右侧疝环高位结扎,松解游离异位睾丸的精索至足够长,将左侧睾丸固定于左侧阴囊内.术后分别随访7、15个月,疗效满意.     

斜疝修补术后睾丸上提一例

患儿 ,男 ,10岁 ,因右斜疝修补术后睾丸上提半年来诊。资料提示手术前睾丸位于阴囊底。体检 :嘱患儿放松、安静站立 ,触及睾丸位于右侧皮下环 ,经牵拉及反复腹股沟管加压 ,睾丸均未能到达阴囊底。手术探查 :睾丸与健侧等大 ,精索与周围组织粘连严重 ,提睾肌僵硬强直、弹性消失。行睾丸固定术。术后随诊 ,睾丸不再上提 ,发育正常。讨论 :斜疝修补术后睾丸上提发生原因主要为 :(1)疝手术毕未将睾丸拉入阴囊内致使精索剥离面与周围组织发生粘连后睾丸不能回复到原来位置 ;(2 )提睾肌因损伤发生硬化、纤维化 ;(3)小儿腹股沟沟管较短 ,内外环几乎…     

Single scrotal incision orchiopexy for palpable undescended testis

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the Bianchi single scrotal incision technique for orchiopexy in boys with palpable undescended testis. METHODS: A total of 35 orchiopexies were performed in 28 patients. The patent processus vaginalis was dissected and cut high without ligation, while in Bianchi's original procedure, the patent processus vaginalis is dissected up to the external inguinal canal, ligated high and divided. Testicular size and position were assessed at 2 and 6 weeks and 6 months. RESULTS: The single incision technique was successful in all cases. All testes were satisfactorily positioned in the scrotum. All testes showed good anatomical and cosmetic results at 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: Single scrotal incision orchiopexy without ligation of the patent processus vaginalis has proved to be simple, safe and effective in selected cases compared with the standard two-incision approach in the treatment of palpable undescended testis.     

Scrotal incision orchiopexy for undescended testes with or without a patent processus vaginalis

PURPOSE: Bianchi and Squire first described scrotal incision orchiopexy as an alternative to the traditional inguinal approach in the 1980s. The goal of this study was to review our series of scrotal orchiopexies to evaluate operative times, success rates and complications in patients with and without a patent processus vaginalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 121 scrotal incision orchiopexies were performed in 103 patients with palpable undescended testes between November 2002 and January 2006. This technique involves manipulation of the testis down to the scrotum so that it is secured between the thumb and index finger as fixation is performed. Charts were retrospectively reviewed to assess operative times as well as position and size of the testes at followup. RESULTS: Patient age ranged from 6 months to 13 years (mean 4.5 years). The processus vaginalis was patent in 75 testes (62%). A total of 121 testes (100%) were successfully placed within the scrotum using a single incision. Operative times ranged from 7 to 36 minutes (mean 18.9). There were no cases of testicular atrophy or ascent, hernia or hydrocele formation with followup that ranged from 6 months to 1 year. The only complications were 4 wound infections (3.3%), which were successfully treated with antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: The scrotal incision technique is an underused method of orchiopexy regardless of patency of the processus vaginalis. Shorter operative times, comparable success and complication rates, and a more cosmetically appealing result compared to the traditional inguinal approach make scrotal orchiopexy an attractive alternative.     

腹腔镜下手术治疗腹股沟型隐睾

目的 探讨腹腔镜下睾丸固定术治疗腹股沟型隐睾的可行性及微创优势. 方法 腹股沟型隐睾患儿90例.年龄8个月～6岁,平均17个月.左侧24例、右侧53例、双侧13例,共103个睾丸.腹腔镜下离断鞘状突或疝囊,松解腹膜后精索,将睾丸拉入腹腔,离断引带;将睾丸拉入阴囊固定. 结果 90例103个睾丸手术均顺利,无中转开放手术者.平均手术时间(32.7±5.2)min.103个睾丸患侧鞘状突未闭93侧(90.3%);77例单侧隐睾对侧鞘状突未闭12例(15.6%).术中发生皮下气肿3例(3.3%),拔出套管后,经切口排出气体,气肿消失.术后随访6～12个月,103个睾丸均在阴囊内,无萎缩及睾丸回缩. 结论 腹腔镜下腹股沟型隐睾固定手术安全、有效,弥补了开放术式破坏腹股沟管解剖完整性、腹膜后高位松解困难等缺陷.     

Diagnostic and therapeutic laparoscopy for nonpalpable testis

Background: We evaluated the use of laparoscopy in the management of impalpable testis to determine what advantages it might offer over the open approach.Methods: Over a 5.5-year period, a total of 46 patients with 53 nonpalpable testes underwent a laparoscopic procedure at our hospital. There were 28 cases of intraabdominal testis (52.83%), 18 cases of the vas and vessels entering the internal ring (33.96%), and seven cases of intraabdominally absent testis (13.20%). We performed a laparoscopic orchiopexy for 24 testes (scrotal in 21 cases and partial to the inguinal canal in three cases) and an orchiectomy for three testes. We encountered inguinal hernia in 14 cases (26.41%). Results: At follow-up, all testes were the same size as at the time of operation and were well positioned in the scrotum, except for four testes that required reoperation due to partial migration at the superficial inguinal ring. The operating time was <1 h in unilateral cases and <2 h for the bilateral cases. All procedures were completed successfully without conversion or complications. Conclusions: Laparoscopy is the only exploratory procedure that is accurate enough to enable the diagnosis of nonpalpable testis and also allow the surgical treatment to be done in the same setting.     

Adult nonpalpable testis: is laparoscopy always required?

Laparoscopy is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of nonpalpable testes. Some nonpalpable testes are vanishing testes. In such cases, unnecessary laparoscopic interventions can be avoided by a careful selection of cases. Between 1996 and 2001, laparoscopic intervention was applied to 107 patients with nonpalpable testes. Of the cases, 23 were bilateral and 84 were unilateral. Patients were between 19 and 27 years of age (average age, 23 years). Diagnostic ultrasonography was performed in 44 of the 84 patients with nonpalpable testes. Dimensions of the scrotal testis were determined by the Prader orchiometer method. The dimensions of the opposite scrotal testis (of the scrotal nubbin) and the abdominal testis were compared with the dimensions of 20 normal, healthy individuals' scrotal testis (control group). Results were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney U test. During laparoscopy, 24 (28.5%) of the patients were found to have a vanishing testis. The vas deferens and the testicular blood vessels ended bluntly at the anterior edge of the interior inguinal ring in one patient, inside the inguinal canal in five patients, and in the scrotum in 18 patients. Among the 84 patients with nonpalpable testes, no testis was found in any of the 18 patients with palpable scrotal nubbins. The opposite scrotal testes were hypertrophic in 17 (70.8%) of 24 patients who had vanishing testis (P < .05), and they were hypertrophic in 22 (36%) of the 60 patients (P > .05) who had laparoscopically identified intraabdominal testes. We conclude that clinical and radiologic diagnosis is sufficient for adult patients with nonpalpable testicles and palpable scrotal nubbins and hypertrophic contralateral scrotal testes. Laparoscopic intervention should be applied to patients who do not have palpable scrotal nubbins.     

Transverse ectopia of the testis. A case report

A case of transverse ectopia of the right testis with left inguinal hernia is reported. A one-year-old-boy was admitted to our hospital with swelling of the left scrotal contents and right undescended testis. At operation, two testes were situated on the left side, one in the left scrotum and another in the left inguinal canal. Right transseptal orchiopexy was performed. Including our case, we discovered 73 cases of transverse ectopia of the testes in the Japanese literature. A brief discussion was made about the disease.     

Avoidance of inguinal incision in laparoscopically confirmed vanishing testis syndrome

PURPOSE: Nonpalpable testicles may be due to the vanishing testis syndrome, intra-abdominal position, examination obscured by obesity or scar tissue and rarely testicular agenesis. Laparoscopy is an excellent means of distinguishing these entities without the need for open abdominal exploration. We investigated whether laparoscopy affects the need for an inguinal incision and exploration when no testicle is palpable and the vas and vas deferens are visualized exiting the internal inguinal ring on laparoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 34 boys 6 to 18 months old (mean age 41) physical examination demonstrated a nonpalpable testicle, including on the right side in 12, on the left side in 17 and bilaterally in 5. The vanishing testis syndrome was diagnosed after laparoscopy when no testicle was palpable despite physical examination done with the patient under anesthesia, spermatic vessels were visualized exiting the internal inguinal ring or spermatic vessels were visualized in the abdomen with or without an identifiable intra-abdominal testicular nubbin. RESULTS: Laparoscopy confirmed the vanishing testis syndrome in 16 patients, intra-abdominal testicles in 13 and peeping testes in 1. Adequate examination using anesthesia was not possible in 4 patients with obesity, or previous inguinal or lower abdominal surgery. These boys underwent inguinal exploration after laparoscopy showed the vas and vessels exiting a closed internal inguinal ring. Of the 16 cases of the vanishing testis syndrome orchiectomy with contralateral scrotal orchiopexy was performed in 14 through a median raphe scrotal incision and in 1 through an inguinal incision for an associated inguinal hernia. In the remaining patient who underwent laparoscopy only a blind ending vas and vessels were visualized in the abdomen without an identifiable nubbin. The infraumbilical and median raphe incisions healed without obvious scars. Followup was at least 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: When spermatic vessels are visualized exiting the internal inguinal ring on laparoscopy in the setting of a nonpalpable testicle, a median raphe scrotal incision can be made to remove the testicular nubbin associated with the vanishing testicle syndrome. Orchiectomy is possible through this median raphe incision even when the testicle is in the inguinal canal because this distance in young children is small. Cosmesis is excellent since 1 incision is within the umbilicus and the other is on the median scrotal raphe.     

Failed orchiopexy

INTRODUCTION: Failure after orchiopexy or cryptorchidism after inguinal surgery are not so rarely encountered conditions. Reoperative orchiopexies are technically demanding procedures. In our study, we aimed to examine the causes of failures and outcomes of reorchiopexies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1993 and 2003, a total of 28 children who underwent reoperative orchiopexy were included into the study. Undescended testes was detected as unilateral in 24 and bilateral in 4 cases. The mean age of patients at the time of second operation was 6.8 years. The mean period of time between the first and the second operations was 3.2 (1-13 years) years. RESULTS: The first operations were orchiopexies in all patients. After the first operations, 15 testes were found to be localized at the high scrotal position, 8 at the level of the external ring and 9 within the inguinal canal. Overall, reorchiopexies were performed on 32 testes in 28 patients. During the second operation, patent processus vaginalis was detected in 11 (34.4%), and unsuccessful hernia repair in 9 (28.1%) cases. After reorchiopexies, two testes with preoperative inguinal location could only be brought to high scrotal position and in another case orchiectomy was performed to an atrophic testis. Overall, after a mean follow-up period of 3.8 (1-7 years) years following the second operations, 29 (93.5%) testes were scrotal without evidence of atrophy. CONCLUSION: In our series, inadequate repair of inguinal hernia or patent processus vaginalis, as noted in 62.5% of the cases, was determined as an important factor leading to failure after surgical treatment of undescended testis. Adequate dissection and correction of inguinal hernia increase the success rate after orchiopexies.