定眩颗粒醇提工艺研究

目的：研究定眩颗粒中部分药物的醇提工艺,优选提取工艺条件。方法：采用L9（3^4）正交试验设计,以饮片中天麻素和丹参酮ⅡA的提取率为考察指标,同时结合乙醇用量、乙醇浓度、回流时间、提取次数等考察因素,采用HPLC法测定,所得的结果进行方差分析,综合两个指标结果确定最佳工艺。结果：此复方中丹参、天麻等药物确定的最佳醇提工艺条件为：加饮片总量15倍量的70％乙醇分2次回流提取,每次2小时。结论：优选的工艺稳定,方法可行。     

中药复方降脂颗粒提取工艺条件优选实验

目的:优化中药复方降脂颗粒的提取工艺条件。方法:采用正交试验探讨乙醇浓度、加醇量、回流次数、提取时间等因素对中药复方降脂颗粒提取工艺中药物有效成分总黄酮的影响。结果:优选出乙醇回流提取最佳工艺条件为用20倍量70%乙醇,回流提取2次,每次1.5 h。平均得膏率为12.5%,总黄酮含量为4.49%。结论:经工艺验证证明该工艺稳定可行。     

正交实验优选莲子心提取工艺

目的优选莲子心的最佳提取工艺条件.方法以甲基莲心碱转移率为评价指标,采用正交实验法对莲子心的提取工艺进行优选.结果最佳提取工艺条件为:莲子心药材用70%的乙醇回流提取2次,第1次6倍量,回流30min,第2次4倍量,回流30min.结论优选出的工艺科学合理.     

正交试验法优选滇丹参中水溶性成分提取工艺

目的 用正交试验法优选滇丹参水溶性有效成分丹酚酸B的最佳提取工艺.方法 以高效液相色谱法测得的丹酚酸B的含量和提取物出膏率为指标,采用以乙醇浓度、加醇量、提取时间、提取次数为影响因素的正交试验法,对滇丹参中丹酚酸B的提取工艺进行优选.结果 滇丹参中水溶性成分丹酚酸B的最优提取工艺为8倍量20％乙醇回流提取3次,每次1h.结论 此工艺稳定可行,可为滇丹参水溶性有效成分的提取提供实验依据.     

丹参总酚酸提取工艺的优化

目的：优化丹参总酚酸的提取工艺。方法：采用L9（3^4）正交试验设计,以总酚酸和丹酚酸B的含量为指标,优选丹参总酚酸的最佳工艺条件。结果：丹参饮片中丹参总酚酸的最佳提取工艺为：6倍量20％乙醇回流提取3次,0．5h／次。结论：该提取工艺设计合理,简单易行。     

护肝降脂胶囊的乙醇提取工艺研究

目的:优选护肝降脂胶囊的提取工艺.方法:用正交设计法,以失黄酚含量为指标优选决明子、泽泻的乙醇提取工艺;以丹酚酸B含量为指标优选黄芪、丹参、山楂的提取工艺.结果:决明子、泽泻的最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度为70%、乙醇加入量为药材的10倍、提取2次,每次1 h;黄芪、丹参、山楂的最佳提取工艺为加水量为10倍,煎煮时间1 h,煎煮次数2次.结论:优选得到的提取工艺稳定可行.     

正交试验法优化丹参总酮提取工艺

目的：优化丹参总酮的提取工艺。方法：采用L9（34）正交试验设计,以丹参酮ⅡA和丹参总酮的含量为指标,优选丹参总酮的最佳工艺条件。结果：丹参饮片中丹参总酮的最佳提取工艺为：6倍量60%乙醇回流提取3次,0.5h/次。结论：该提取工艺设计合理,简单易行。     

茜草提取工艺的研究

目的 优选茜草的最佳提取工艺。方法 比较渗漉法、浸渍法、加热回流法3种提取方式，并采用L9(3^4)正交试验，以大叶茜草素含量和干浸膏收率为指标，对影响茜草的乙醇加热回流提取工艺的因素水平进行了研究。结果 茜草的最佳提取工艺为用10倍量70％乙醇加热回流提取3次，每次1h。提取次数影响差异具有显著性。结论 乙醇加热回流提取工艺用于茜草的提取稳定可行。     

骨关节痛熏洗方提取工艺研究

目的:优选骨关节痛熏洗方的提取工艺。方法:采用加热回流法提取,通过考察提取率及复溶解度,选择最佳的提取溶剂;采用L9(34)正交试验,以干膏得率、芍药苷和丹酚酸B的量为综合评分指标考察溶媒用量、提取时间、提取次数。结果:优选制备工艺为6倍量水加热回流提取3次,每次2 h,结论:优选的提取工艺稳定可行,可用于骨关节痛熏洗方的制备。     

复方川芎滴丸提取工艺研究

目的建立复方川芎滴丸中川芎、当归的醇提工艺,使其更适用于生产。方法以阿魏酸含量作为评价指标,采用单因素试验确定提取溶剂、提取方法及提取次数,采用正交实验设计,优选出最佳乙醇浓度、乙醇用量及提取时间。结果醇提工艺最佳条件为:8倍量70%乙醇加热回流提取2次,每次2h。结论该提取工艺合理、简单,易于控制,适用于生产。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.