Stress related to administrative tasks in nursing]

According to several studies, nursing, especially in hospital settings, is one of the most stressful professions. The objective of this study was to identify the sources of stress related to the administrative tasks of nurses working in a hospital, as well as the main health changes that stress caused these professionals. The quantitative survey was carried out in 1996 with a sample of 207 nurses at a university hospital in the city of Porto Alegre, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A questionnaire was used to collect data on stress sources and symptoms. The questionnaire also gathered demographic data, as well as information on the nurses' feelings about their working conditions. The average age of the study participants was 35.8 years, and the average time working at the hospital was 8.5 years. Among participants, 48% were considered to be stressed. Work overload was the stress source that best predicted relative risk of stress (6.1). In terms of stress symptoms, the most commonly reported ones were cardiovascular changes. However, gastrointestinal changes were related to a higher risk of stress (5.3). Managing other staff was the stress source that had the greatest number of significant correlations with stress symptoms. On the other hand, immunologic changes were the symptoms that had the highest correlation with stress sources. Our results suggest that stress related to administrative tasks in nursing may trigger changes in nurses' health.     

基础护理教学中重视护生法律意识的培养(综述)

目的:强化对护生法律意识的培养.方法:总结护理课堂教学中应传授的法律知识以及护生临床实习中应掌握运用的法律常识.结果:护生具备了护理工作所需的法律常识.结论:护生增强了法律意识,既保护了病人的合法权益,又有利于护生的自我保护.     

Stress and coping strategies in nurses from palliative, psychiatric and general nursing areas

Briefly looks at the stress and coping strategies in nurses from palliative, psychiatric and general nursing areas. Examines the results of a recent study where 308 nurses completed questionnaires on sources of stress and coping strategies. Identifies five major sources of stress, concluding that, if patients are to receive quality care, then the needs of nurses must also be taken into consideration.     

剖宫产术护理中的临床护理路径

目的探讨临床护理路径在剖宫产术护理中的应用效果。方法根据制定的临床护理路径对试验组进行整体护理,完成各项检查、治疗护理和健康教育。结果试验组对制定的临床护理路径满意度达到98％,明显高于对照组的满意度（80％）。结论实施临床护理路径后,病患满意度明显提高,并提高了护士的积极性和工作效率。     

Stress in expatriates

With economic globalization, the rate and effects of culture shock stress in expatriates and their families are expected to increase. The stressor may occur from the micro-environment, the macro-environment, or the mega-environment. The effects of stress are frequently due to predictable reactions such as insecurity, distress, and homesickness. These symptoms can progress to more severe psychosomatic symptoms, including depressive reactions and overt psychopathic behavior. Cross-cultural training programs are currently the best preventive strategy for culture shock and subsequent stress; however, the true efficacy of these programs is not well characterized. Substance abuse is probably a significant underlying problem for international business travelers; however, the true magnitude and effects of this issue are not well characterized in the expatriate community. There are substantial opportunities for additional medical research in these areas.     

Stress in Industry

Industrial stress is important on account of distress causednot only to individuals but to society as a whole.Stress inindustry occurs at every level. It is usually of psychologicalrather than physical origin and may originate outside industry.Thecauses of stress in shop-floor workers, junior management andsenior management are considered. They usually involve injuriesto self-esteem, or insecurity, isolation or responsibility.Symptoms and signs of acute and chronic stress are described.Prevention of stress in shop-floor workers includes good presonnelpractices—fair treatment, good communications and participation—andgiving gratitude or praise. Remedies for the problems of managementinvolve selection, education and training, organisation andcommunications. Some case histories are given.     

紧张和职业紧张

本文概述了紧张，职业紧张及其影响因素，对紧张（stress)的研究虽已有多年，就其定义至今仍无共识，作者认为紧张的定义应当努力体现心理状态的变化。在本文中综合提出了紧张和职业紧张的概念，概述了导致紧张的三种模式，与职业紧张有关的三类主要症状，精疲力竭的三个主要表现，以及影响职业紧张的主要因素等。概述将为开展紧张和职业紧张的研究提供参考。     

普外科护理工作中引流管护理的重要性分析

目的:探讨引流管护理在普外科护理工作中的重要性.方法:选取204例行胰十二指肠切除术的患者,随机将患者分为对照组和观察组进行临床对比分析.结果:两组患者引流管护理的评价效果和并发症进行临床对比分析,差异具有统计学意义.结论:引流管护理在普外科护理中应用效果明显,值得临床推广使用.     

在手术室护理中运用舒适护理的体会

目的:探讨舒适护理在手术室中的重要作用,进而使患者安全、舒适地接受手术。方法:在患者中选择100名作为研究小组,分为两个组别,有实验组和对照组,实验组为舒适护理的,对照组为普通护理。结果:实验组患者生理、心理等方面均有改善,术后随访满意度98%,高于对照组的85%。结论:舒适护理能够加强手术患者的安全,提高护理质量。     

医师职业紧张和紧张反应的研究

[目的]评价医师职业紧张和紧张反应强度。[方法]应用职业紧张量表修订版(OSI-R)(1998修订版)对 342名医师(医师组)和362名非卫生部门脑力劳动者(对照组)进行了测试。[结果]医师职业任务得分高于对照组, 差异有非常显著性(P<0．01)。医师的主要紧张源为任务过重、任务不适和责任感。医师仅人际关系紧张反应因子得分显著高于对照组(P<0．01)。医师的职业紧张水平和紧张反应强度随年龄增长而增高,不同年龄段之间差异呈非常显著性(P<0．01);男医师的职业紧张水平和紧张反应显著高于女医师(P<0．01)。[结论]医师职业是个紧张的职业,加强医师业务和医德学习,缓解医患矛盾,减少工作压力可保护和促进他们的健康。     

临床护理路径在前列腺电切护理中的应用

目的：探讨临床护理路径在前列腺电切术患者护理中的应用。方法：选择行前列腺电切术治疗前列腺良性增生患者96例,按就诊顺序分为两组,观察组给予临床护理路径护理,对照组给予常规护理。比较两组患者住院时间、治疗费用、护理满意度、并发症发生率等情况。结果：观察组平均住院时间、治疗费用、并发症发生情况均明显少于观察组;观察组护理满意度明显高于对照组;各组数据比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论：将临床护理路径应用在前列腺电切术患者护理中,可以有效帮助患者术后恢复,减少并发症的发生,提高护理满意度。     

不同程度心理应激对小鼠卵巢内氧化应激水平的影响

目的:探讨不同程度刺激对小鼠卵巢氧化应激水平的影响,以期为不孕症患者辅助心理治疗提供理论依据。方法:80只雌鼠随机分为4组,给予不同程度且不可预知性刺激4周,观察小鼠体质量及行为学改变。造模成功后,检测小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量、活性氧(ROS)水平,小鼠卵巢组织中SOD活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、SOD2、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)3种抗氧化物酶的m RNA水平。结果:不同程度心理应激组与正常组相比,小鼠体质量降低,不动时间和中央区域滞留时间延长,进入中央区域次数及中央区域活动时间减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血清中ROS水平升高,SOD含量降低,卵巢组织中SOD活性降低,MDA含量升高,SOD2、CAT及GSH-Px活性降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:心理应激能够降低小鼠的自主活动欲望和探索欲望,ROS的累积引发机体内氧化应激反应,影响女性生殖功能。     

Stress proteins in medicine

Stress proteins or in other words heat shock proteins form an ancient defense system of our cells. They are necessary to prevent the aggregation of damaged proteins and to help their refolding after stress. Stress protein-assisted remodeling of protein structure is an important step of many cellular processes, such as protein transport, signaling and protein degradation. Stress proteins have a key role in many diseases. Thus they 1. protect our cells against the deteriorating effects of ischemia/reperfusion in myocardiac infarcts or in stroke; 2. protect transplanted tissues and organs; 3. act against the multiple damage of chronic diseases such as diabetes, or neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease); 4. participate in the etiology of several autoimmune diseases; 5. their activation, and role in antigen presentation can be used as an anticancer-therapy; 6. stress proteins increase longevity, and lastly 7. stress proteins act as a buffer of phenotypically silent mutations and may contribute to the onset of "civilizational diseases" (cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes, etc.). In this review the authors also summarize the existing stress protein-related pharmacological approaches to cure a large variety of diseases.