颅颈部动脉狭窄支架成形术前后脑CT灌注成像研究

目的 探讨CT灌注成像在颅颈部动脉狭窄支架成形术前后血流动力学改变的表现及其应用价值. 资料与方法 对15例颅颈部动脉狭窄患者支架成形术前、后分别行CT血流灌注成像,其中颈内动脉狭窄9例,椎基底动脉狭窄5例,大脑中动脉狭窄1例.计算脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)及平均通过时间(MTT),并将病变侧与健侧对照.采用Wilcoxon配对秩和检验对手术前、后的灌注参数进行统计学分析. 结果 15例术前CT灌注成像均显示不同程度的低灌注区,表现为MTT延迟及不同程度的CBF下降,与健侧相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).13例在支架置入后表现为灌注明显改善,CBF、MTT均恢复到正常水平.1例术后无明显改善,另1例表现为缺血区灌注量进一步减低.手术前、后的灌注参数间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).经过18个月随访,有1例术后6个月发生再狭窄. 结论 CT灌注技术可以准确地反映颅内外血管狭窄患者支架成形术前后的的血流动力学状况,客观地评价外科治疗的疗效和预后,为临床医师进行合理治疗提供客观的影像学依据.     

一站式CT灌注成像评估单侧颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭塞患者颅内血流动力学改变及Willis环侧支循环情况

【摘要】目的：通过对单侧颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭塞患者行脑CT灌注成像联合CTA一站式扫描,对其脑血流动力学改变及Willis环侧支循环代偿作用进行评价,为临床血管再通治疗提供血流动力学依据。方法：对40例经颈部血管超声或头颈CTA检查确定为单侧颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭塞患者（狭窄率>70%）行320排CTPI检查,重建灌注参数图及4D-CTA图。在基底节层面选取大脑前动脉供血区、大脑中动脉供血区及前、后分水岭区作为感兴趣区行灌注参数测量,包括脑血容量（CBV）、脑血流量（CBF）、平均通过时间（MTT）和达峰时间（TTP）,对患侧与健侧的各项灌注参数进行对比分析。根据CTA图将Willis环分为开放组及未开放组,对两组的dTTP（患侧TTP-健侧TTP）、dMTT、rCBF（患侧CBF/健侧CBF）及rCBV进行比较,采用χ2检验对比分析两组间各个兴趣区的缺血程度（rCBF＜80%为重度,＞80%为轻度）,评价Willis的代偿能力。结果：与健侧比较,患侧脑区MTT、TTP延长,CBV增大,CBF略下降,其中在大脑中动脉供血区和前、后分水岭区CBV、MTT、TTP差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05),大脑前动脉供血区MTT、TTP差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。Willis环未开放组各兴趣区dTTP、dMTT、rCBV和rCBF均高于开放组。仅前分水岭区的脑缺血程度与Willis环是否开放有相关关系（P=0.001）。结论：单侧颈内动脉重度狭窄及闭塞患者的患侧脑组织MTT、TTP延长,部分脑区CBF下降,处于低灌注状态;Willis环对患侧有一定的代偿作用,在前分水岭区代偿作用明显;CTPI可以为颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭塞患者提供血管再通依据。     

慢性大动脉狭窄或闭塞性分水岭脑梗死的CT灌注分析

目的 利用CT灌注技术分析慢性大动脉狭窄或闭塞性分水岭脑梗死的血流灌注特征.资料与方法 搜集具有完整临床资料的单侧慢性大脑中动脉或颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭塞所致分水岭脑梗死12例,均行CT灌注及数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查.结果 分水岭脑梗死的CT灌注特征是脑血容量(CBV)及脑血流量(CBF)降低、平均通过时间(MTT)及峰值时间(TTP)延长;分水岭周围缺血区的CT灌注特征是CBF降低、MTT及TTP延长,CBV无明显变化.结论 在慢性大脑中动脉或颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭塞的基础上所致分水岭脑梗死灶周围往往伴有大面积的慢性低灌注脑缺血区,低灌注是分水岭脑梗死的重要促发因素.     

CT脑灌注评估颈动脉狭窄的血流动力学改变

目的 评价CT脑灌注在评估颈动脉狭窄患者的脑血流动力学改变中的应用价值.方法 对50例临床诊断为可疑颈动脉狭窄的患者进行常规头颅CT平扫,CT灌注扫描(CT perfusion,CTP)及CT血管成像扫描(CT angiography,CTA).CTP可获得脑血流量(CBF),脑血容量(CBV),平均通过时间(MTT)及达峰时间(TTP)等灌注参数图,CTA采用CPR,MPR及VR等重建方式重建头颈部血管.观察CTA所示的颈动脉狭窄率与CTP灌注参数变化间的关系.结果 38例单侧颈动脉狭窄患者中,10例轻度狭窄者,患侧各灌注参数变化与健侧各参数无统计学差异,9例中度狭窄与19例重度狭窄及闭塞患者中,患侧MTT与TTP较健侧显著延长,而CBF与CBV无明显变化.结论 灌注参数MTT与TTP能敏感地显示颈动脉中重度狭窄或闭塞患者的血流动力学改变,是诊断脑缺血最敏感的指标,为临床早期治疗提供可靠的依据,从而预防脑卒中的发生.     

CT脑灌注与血管造影在急性脑梗死中的临床应用

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT脑灌注成像和脑血管造影技术在急性期脑梗死中的应用价值。方法:应用PhilipsBrilliance CT 64,对30例发病12h内急性脑缺血患者行CT平扫、CT脑灌注成像(CTP)和CT血管造影(CTA)检查。分析平扫及灌注成像表现,计算出缺血区脑血流参数,包括:脑血容量图(CBV)、血流量图(CBF)、对比剂平均通过时间(MTT)和对比剂峰值时间(TTP),与对侧相应区灌注参数进行比较,并重建颈段和脑内动脉CTA图像。所有病例在发病后3~14天复查CT平扫。结果:30例患者中16例头颅平扫发现早期脑梗死征象,14例常规平扫未发现异常,而CTP均发现灌注异常区。CTP表现为CBF及CBV减低、MTT及TTP延迟;患侧CBF、MTT、TTP与对侧差异有显著性意义(P<0.01),患侧CBV与对侧差异无显著性意义(P>0.01)。重建CTA图像显示16例一侧颈内动脉狭窄,8例一侧大脑中动脉狭窄(其中1例伴大脑后动脉狭窄、左侧后交通动脉闭塞);4例左侧大脑中动脉闭塞,2例左侧颈内动脉闭塞。结论:CTP能够早期、及时、准确地反映缺血部位及程度,预测半暗带;CTA可以显示病变血管的部位和程度;联合应用两者,对早期诊断急性脑缺血和指导治疗有重要价值。     

320排动态容积CT全脑灌注成像在脑梗死缺血半暗带分期中的应用

目的 应用320排动态容积CT全脑灌注成像探讨脑梗死缺血半暗带分期的可行性.资料与方法 测量18例存在缺血半暗带脑梗死患者的梗死核心区、缺血半暗带区及其镜像对侧脑血容量(CBV)、脑血流量(CBF)、平均通过时间(MTT)及达峰时间(TTP),按脑梗死前期分期标准对缺血半暗带进行分期.结果 18例缺血半暗带区表现为MTT、TTP延长,CBF降低,CBV轻度升高、正常或轻度降低.与梗死核心区比较,缺血半暗带区CBV、CBF升高,MTT延长,TTP缩短(P＜0.05);与健侧对应区比较,CBF降低,MTT及TTP延长(P＜0.05),而CBV无显著差异(P＞0.05).缺血半暗带分期:Ⅰ2期3例,Ⅱ1期9例,Ⅱ2期6例.结论 应用320排动态容积CT全脑灌注成像可明确脑梗死患者的病变部位、范围以及有无缺血半暗带存在,并可对缺血半暗带进行分期.     

多层CT脑灌注成像与CT血管成像诊断颈动脉狭窄性短暂性脑缺血发作

目的 研究脑CT灌注成像对诊断颈动脉狭窄所致短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的价值.方法 对20例临床诊断为TIA的病人行常规CT,CT灌注和CT血管成像.评价CT灌注成像的峰值时间(TTP)、血流量(CBF)、血容量(CBV)以及颈动脉的狭窄程度.结果 15例TIA病人在TTP图上发现与临床症状相对应的灌注异常区,TTP较对侧延迟.CT灌注显示异常灌注病灶的数目及范围多于平扫.患侧TTP延长及对侧的TTP分别为(13.0±3.8) s和(8.3±1.7) s,P＜0.01,而CBF无显著性差异.20例病人40支颈动脉CTA观察到4支血管闭塞,31支血管狭窄,颈动脉狭窄程度同TTP之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 CT脑灌注成像结合CTA,可同时观察颈内动脉的血管形态变化及脑组织的血流动力学变化.     

全脑CT灌注成像联合CT血管成像评估动脉瘤夹闭和血管内介入术后缺血并发症

＿目的：采用全脑CT灌注成像（WB-CTPI）联合CT血管成像（CTA）从血管解剖形态和脑血流动力学方面对颅内动脉瘤显微手术夹闭和血管内介入术后血管损伤导致的缺血并发症进行分类和早期诊断。方法：58例颅内动脉瘤破裂显微手术或血管介入术后出现神经功能损伤或临床怀疑有缺血并发症的患者行动态容积CT 扫描,并行 WB-CTPI 和CTA重组。通过CTA评估父血管或分支血管与血管夹或弹簧圈的关系。WB-CTPI定量测量患者患侧与对侧脑血流动力学参数,采用配对t检验进行统计学分析。结果：5 8例患者中,15例经 WB-CTPI证实有缺血并发症,CTA 按血管损伤情况分为：Ⅰ型6例,血管夹或弹簧圈导致父血管狭窄,其中2例CBF降低,CBV降低或正常,4例CBF与CBV正常,6例患者TTP、TTD和MTT均延长;Ⅱ型2例,血管夹导致父血管或分支血管闭塞,CBF和CBV降低,TTP、TTD和MTT延长;Ⅲ型7例,不明原因或无法判断的血管损伤,CBF降低,CBV 降低或正常,TTP、TTD 和 MTT 明显延长。结论：WB-CTPI联合CTA不仅能够对血管损伤进行分型,还能够根据血流动力学损伤情况进行脑梗死预测,指导临床治疗。     

CT灌注成像对脑缺血半暗带的评估研究

目的探讨CT灌注成像在脑缺血半暗带评估中的应用价值。方法共43例伴有急性脑血管意外症状和体征的患者,男27例,女16例,年龄50~71岁(平均58.5岁),起病至就诊时间约为2.5~13.5 h。行头部常规CT检查后,立即做CT灌注成像检查,使用CT Perfusion软件分别计算出CBF、CBV、MTT及镜像区CBF、CBV的比值rCBF、rCBV(患侧/健侧),最后应用统计学软件对数据进行分析。结果所有患者在CT灌注参数图像能够明确显示出病灶区,表现为病灶区MTT延长和CBF的下降。患侧半球缺血中心区的CBF、CBV、MTT分别为(24.8±9.6)m l/100 g/m in,(3.3±0.86)m l/100 g,(7.1±2.2)s;缺血边缘区的CBF、CBV、MTT分别为(38.6±10.3)m l/100 g/m in,(3.4±0.91)m l/100 g,(6.4±1.3)s;正常区的CBF、CBV、MTT分别为(48.8±11.2)m l/100 g/m in,(3.7±1.1)m l/100 g,(3.5±1.9)s。缺血坏死区和半暗带区的rCBF分别为0.35±0.16,0.53±0.13,P<0.05。rCBV分别为0.61±0.18,0.81±0.15,Ρ>0.05。结论脑CT灌注成像能很好地评价脑血流动力学改变,准确显示缺血脑组织的部位和范围,计算出多种参数图像及缺血半暗带阈值,为指导临床溶栓治疗提供依据。     

320排CT全脑动态容积成像联合颈部CTA在慢性脑缺血中的初步应用

目的初步探讨320排CT全脑动态容积成像联合颈部CTA检查对于评估慢性缺血性脑血管病的临床应用价值。方法 54例慢性缺血性脑血管病患者行320排CT头颈联合多参数扫描,对头颈动脉狭窄程度及脑灌注各参数进行分析,参数包括脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)、平均通过时间(MTT)、达峰时间(TTP)。结果 1发现脑灌注异常41例,共58处脑缺血灶,其中Ⅰ1期9处、Ⅰ2期24处、Ⅱ1期17处、Ⅱ2期8处。灌注参数患侧TTP、MTT和CBF与对侧镜像比较差异有统计学意义;2血管狭窄或闭塞者50例(前循环43例,后循环7例),仅累及头部者19例,仅累及颈部23例,头颈血管不同程度狭窄/闭塞8例(4例责任血管是头部;4例责任血管是颈部);50例中轻度狭窄7例,中度狭窄9例,重度狭窄19例,闭塞15例;相应供血血管重度狭窄或闭塞导致脑灌注异常明显高于轻中度狭窄者(P<0.01)。结论320排CT全脑动态容积成像联合颈部CTA检查能全面显示脑血流灌注参数的变化及相应头颈部供血动脉狭窄程度,为临床早期治疗慢性缺血性脑血管病提供影像学依据。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）